{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T20:37:52Z","timestamp":1793392672472,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) along the perivascular space (ALPS) (DTI-ALPS)\u2014by calculating the ALPS index, a ratio accentuating water diffusion in the perivascular space\u2014has been proposed as a noninvasive, indirect MRI method for assessing glymphatic function. The main aim of this study was to investigate whether DTI-ALPS would reveal glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and whether the ALPS index was associated with disease severity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Thirty iNPH patients (13 men; median age 77 years) and 27 healthy controls (10 men; median age 73 years) underwent MRI and clinical assessment with the Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); only the patients were evaluated with the Hellstr\u00f6m iNPH scale. MRI data were analyzed with the DTI-ALPS method and Radscale screening tool.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>iNPH patients showed significantly lower mean ALPS index scores compared with healthy controls (median [interquartile range] 1.09 [1.00\u20131.15] vs 1.49 [1.36\u20131.59], p &lt; 0.001). Female healthy controls showed significantly higher ALPS index scores than males in both hemispheres (e.g., right hemisphere 1.62 [1.47\u20131.67] vs 1.33 [1.14\u20131.41], p = 0.001). This sex difference was not seen in iNPH patients. The authors found a moderate exponential correlation between mean ALPS index score and motor function as measured with time required to complete TUG (r = \u22120.644, p &lt; 0.001), number of steps to complete TUG (r = \u22120.571, p &lt; 0.001), 10-m walk time (r = \u22120.637, p &lt; 0.001), and 10-m walk steps (r = \u22120.588, p &lt; 0.001). The authors also found a positive linear correlation between mean ALPS index score and MMSE score (r = 0.416, p = 0.001). Simple linear regression showed a significant effect of diagnosis (B = \u22120.39, p &lt; 0.001, R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.459), female sex (B = 0.232, p = 0.002, R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.157), and Evans index (B = \u22124.151, p &lt; 0.001, R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.559) on ALPS index. Multiple linear regression, including diagnosis, sex, and Evans index score, showed a higher predictive value (R<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> = 0.626) than analysis of each of these factors alone.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ALPS index, which was significantly decreased in iNPH patients, could serve as a marker of disease severity, both clinically and in terms of neuroimaging. However, it is important to consider the significant influence of biological sex and ventriculomegaly on the ALPS index, which raises the question of whether the ALPS index solely reflects glymphatic function or if it also encompasses other types of injury. Future studies are needed to address potential confounding factors and further validate the ALPS method.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.6.jns23260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T03:01:55Z","timestamp":1694228515000},"page":"612-620","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Noninvasive assessment of glymphatic dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus with diffusion tensor imaging"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Georgiopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Radiology and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"},{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anders","family":"Tisell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"},{"name":"Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael T.","family":"Holmgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Eleftheriou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"},{"name":"Second Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, \"Attikon\" University Hospital, Athens, Greece; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Rydja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Activity and Health and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fredrik","family":"Lundin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lovisa","family":"Tobieson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"806","article-title":"Natural course of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"85","author":"Andr\u00e9n K","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andr\u00e9n K, Wikkels\u00f8 C, Tisell M, Hellstr\u00f6m P. Natural course of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014;85(7):806\u2013810."},{"issue":"5","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1310","article-title":"The demography of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: data on 3000 consecutive, surgically treated patients and a systematic review of the literature","volume":"137","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sundstr\u00f6m N, Lundin F, Arvidsson L, Tullberg M, Wikkels\u00f8 C. The demography of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: data on 3000 consecutive, surgically treated patients and a systematic review of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(5):1310\u20131320."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"569","article-title":"The idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus Radscale: a radiological scale for structured evaluation","volume":"25","author":"Kockum K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kockum K, Lilja-Lund O, Larsson EM,  The idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus Radscale: a radiological scale for structured evaluation. Eur J Neurol. 2018;25(3):569\u2013576."},{"issue":"3)(suppl","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Development of guidelines for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: introduction","volume":"57","author":"Marmarou A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Marmarou A, Bergsneider M, Relkin N, Klinge P, Black PM. Development of guidelines for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus: introduction. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3)(suppl):S1\u2013S3.ii-v."},{"issue":"3)(suppl","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"S4","article-title":"Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"57","author":"Relkin N","year":"2005","unstructured":"Relkin N, Marmarou A, Klinge P, Bergsneider M, Black PM. Diagnosing idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(3)(suppl):S4\u2013S16.ii-v."},{"issue":"10","key":"b6","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1977","article-title":"Systematic review of the outcome of shunt surgery in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"155","author":"Toma AK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Toma AK, Papadopoulos MC, Stapleton S, Kitchen ND, Watkins LD. Systematic review of the outcome of shunt surgery in idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(10):1977\u20131980."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Incidence and outcome of surgery for adult hydrocephalus patients in Sweden","volume":"31","author":"Sundstr\u00f6m N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sundstr\u00f6m N, Malm J, Laurell K,  Incidence and outcome of surgery for adult hydrocephalus patients in Sweden. Br J Neurosurg. 2017;31(1):21\u201327."},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"Alzheimers Dement","first-page":"509","article-title":"Frequency of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology at autopsy in patients with clinical normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"7","author":"Cabral D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cabral D, Beach TG, Vedders L,  Frequency of Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology at autopsy in patients with clinical normal pressure hydrocephalus. Alzheimers Dement. 2011;7(5):509\u2013513."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"503","article-title":"Deconstructing normal pressure hydrocephalus: ventriculomegaly as early sign of neurodegeneration","volume":"82","author":"Espay AJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Espay AJ, Da Prat GA, Dwivedi AK,  Deconstructing normal pressure hydrocephalus: ventriculomegaly as early sign of neurodegeneration. Ann Neurol. 2017;82(4):503\u2013513."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","first-page":"90","article-title":"Midbrain area and the hummingbird sign from brain MRI in progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"32","author":"Virhammar J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Virhammar J, Blohme H, Nyholm D, Georgiopoulos C, Fallmar D. Midbrain area and the hummingbird sign from brain MRI in progressive supranuclear palsy and idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neuroimaging. 2022;32(1):90\u201396."},{"issue":"147","key":"b11","series-title":"Sci Transl Med","first-page":"147ra111","article-title":"A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2","volume":"4","author":"Iliff JJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Wang M, Liao Y,  A paravascular pathway facilitates CSF flow through the brain parenchyma and the clearance of interstitial solutes, including amyloid \u03b2. Sci Transl Med. 2012;4(147):147ra111."},{"issue":"6)(suppl 1","key":"b12","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Is there a cerebral lymphatic system?","volume":"44","author":"Iliff JJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iliff JJ, Nedergaard M. Is there a cerebral lymphatic system? Stroke. 2013;44(6)(suppl 1):S93\u2013S95."},{"issue":"12","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurochem Res","first-page":"2583","article-title":"The glymphatic system: a beginner\u2019s guide","volume":"40","author":"Jessen NA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jessen NA, Munk AS, Lundgaard I, Nedergaard M. The glymphatic system: a beginner\u2019s guide. Neurochem Res. 2015;40(12):2583\u20132599."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"845","article-title":"Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain","volume":"76","author":"Kress BT","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kress BT, Iliff JJ, Xia M,  Impairment of paravascular clearance pathways in the aging brain. Ann Neurol. 2014;76(6):845\u2013861."},{"issue":"10","key":"b15","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"3092","article-title":"Impaired glymphatic perfusion after strokes revealed by contrast-enhanced MRI: a new target for fibrinolysis?","volume":"45","author":"Gaberel T","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gaberel T, Gakuba C, Goulay R,  Impaired glymphatic perfusion after strokes revealed by contrast-enhanced MRI: a new target for fibrinolysis? Stroke. 2014;45(10):3092\u20133096."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Annu Rev Pathol","first-page":"379","article-title":"The glymphatic system in central nervous system health and disease: past, present, and future","volume":"13","author":"Plog BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Plog BA, Nedergaard M. The glymphatic system in central nervous system health and disease: past, present, and future. Annu Rev Pathol. 2018;13:379\u2013394."},{"issue":"10","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"1117","article-title":"CSF biomarkers distinguish idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics","volume":"90","author":"Jeppsson A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jeppsson A, Wikkels\u00f6 C, Blennow K,  CSF biomarkers distinguish idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus from its mimics. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2019;90(10):1117\u20131123."},{"issue":"10","key":"b18","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"2691","article-title":"Glymphatic MRI in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"140","author":"Ringstad G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ringstad G, Vatnehol SAS, Eide PK. Glymphatic MRI in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain. 2017;140(10):2691\u20132705."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Jpn J Radiol","first-page":"172","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system activity with the diffusion MR technique: diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease cases","volume":"35","author":"Taoka T","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taoka T, Masutani Y, Kawai H,  Evaluation of glymphatic system activity with the diffusion MR technique: diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS) in Alzheimer\u2019s disease cases. Jpn J Radiol. 2017;35(4):172\u2013178."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Front Hum Neurosci","first-page":"300","article-title":"Evaluation of glymphatic system using diffusion MR technique in T2DM cases","volume":"14","author":"Yang G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang G, Deng N, Liu Y, Gu Y, Yao X. Evaluation of glymphatic system using diffusion MR technique in T2DM cases. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:300."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Aging Neurosci","first-page":"773951","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space index in different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"13","author":"Ma X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Li S, Li C,  Diffusion tensor imaging along the perivascular space index in different stages of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:773951."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"NPJ Parkinsons Dis","first-page":"54","article-title":"Neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in possible REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"8","author":"Si X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Si X, Guo T, Wang Z,  Neuroimaging evidence of glymphatic system dysfunction in possible REM sleep behavior disorder and Parkinson\u2019s disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2022;8(1):54."},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res","first-page":"5675014","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and mimickers","volume":"2019","author":"Yokota H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yokota H, Vijayasarathi A, Cekic M,  Diagnostic performance of glymphatic system evaluation using diffusion tensor imaging in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and mimickers. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res. 2019;2019:5675014."},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"56","article-title":"Altered glymphatic system in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"82","author":"Bae YJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bae YJ, Choi BS, Kim JM, Choi JH, Cho SJ, Kim JH. Altered glymphatic system in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2021;82:56\u201360."},{"issue":"4","key":"b25","series-title":"Acta Neurol Scand","first-page":"229","article-title":"A new scale for assessment of severity and outcome in iNPH","volume":"126","author":"Hellstr\u00f6m P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hellstr\u00f6m P, Klinge P, Tans J, Wikkels\u00f8 C. A new scale for assessment of severity and outcome in iNPH. Acta Neurol Scand. 2012;126(4):229\u2013237."},{"key":"b26","article-title":"Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook","volume":"Vol 17","author":"Schmidt M","year":"1996","unstructured":"Schmidt M. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test: A Handbook. Vol 17. Western Psychological Services;1996."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Article in Swedish. Svensk Neuropsykologi","first-page":"12","article-title":"Stroop, the bewildering effect","volume":"13","author":"Hellstrom P","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hellstrom P, Scharin M. Stroop, the bewildering effect. Article in Swedish. Svensk Neuropsykologi. 2001;13:12\u201315."},{"issue":"2","key":"b28","series-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc","first-page":"142","article-title":"The timed \"Up & Go\": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons","volume":"39","author":"Podsiadlo D","year":"1991","unstructured":"Podsiadlo D, Richardson S. The timed \"Up & Go\": a test of basic functional mobility for frail elderly persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1991;39(2):142\u2013148."},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"J Psychiatr Res","first-page":"189","article-title":"\"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician","volume":"12","author":"Folstein MF","year":"1975","unstructured":"Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. \"Mini-mental state\". A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res. 1975;12(3):189\u2013198."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0232275","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the iNPH Radscale in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"15","author":"Kockum K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kockum K, Virhammar J, Riklund K, S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m L, Larsson EM, Laurell K. Diagnostic accuracy of the iNPH Radscale in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0232275."},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1318","article-title":"A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT","volume":"32","author":"Wahlund LO","year":"2001","unstructured":"Wahlund LO, Barkhof F, Fazekas F,  A new rating scale for age-related white matter changes applicable to MRI and CT. Stroke. 2001;32(6):1318\u20131322."},{"issue":"9","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"557","article-title":"Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging: interobserver reliability","volume":"242","author":"Scheltens P","year":"1995","unstructured":"Scheltens P, Launer LJ, Barkhof F, Weinstein HC, van Gool WA. Visual assessment of medial temporal lobe atrophy on magnetic resonance imaging: interobserver reliability. J Neurol. 1995;242(9):557\u2013560."},{"key":"b33","article-title":"MATLAB Central File Exchange. MathWorks","unstructured":"DTI and Fiber Tracking. MATLAB Central File Exchange. MathWorks. Accessed July 24, 2023.https:\/\/www.mathworks.com\/matlabcentral\/fileexchange\/21130-dti-and-fiber-tracking"},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"75","article-title":"Safety of intrathecal administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"297","author":"Patel M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel M, Atyani A, Salameh JP, McInnes M, Chakraborty S. Safety of intrathecal administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Radiology. 2020;297(1):75\u201383."},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"118257","article-title":"Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease","volume":"238","author":"Zhang W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang W, Zhou Y, Wang J,  Glymphatic clearance function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. Neuroimage. 2021;238:118257."},{"key":"b36","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"243","article-title":"Perivascular space fluid contributes to diffusion tensor imaging changes in white matter","volume":"197","author":"Sepehrband F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sepehrband F, Cabeen RP, Choupan J, Barisano G, Law M, Toga AW. Perivascular space fluid contributes to diffusion tensor imaging changes in white matter. Neuroimage. 2019;197:243\u2013254."},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Front Aging Neurosci","first-page":"693787","article-title":"The influence of demographics and vascular risk factors on glymphatic function measured by diffusion along perivascular space","volume":"13","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhang R, Ye Y,  The influence of demographics and vascular risk factors on glymphatic function measured by diffusion along perivascular space. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:693787."},{"issue":"1","key":"b38","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"16073","article-title":"Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice","volume":"10","author":"Giannetto M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Giannetto M, Xia M, St\u00e6ger FF,  Biological sex does not predict glymphatic influx in healthy young, middle aged or old mice. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):16073."},{"issue":"12","key":"b39","series-title":"Cell Rep","first-page":"108524","article-title":"Direct measurement of cerebrospinal fluid production in mice","volume":"33","author":"Liu G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu G, Mestre H, Sweeney AM,  Direct measurement of cerebrospinal fluid production in mice. Cell Rep. 2020;33(12):108524."},{"issue":"4","key":"b40","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"703","article-title":"Normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"88","author":"M\u00fcller-Schmitz K","year":"2020","unstructured":"M\u00fcller-Schmitz K, Krasavina-Loka N, Yardimci T,  Normal pressure hydrocephalus associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann Neurol. 2020;88(4):703\u2013711."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p612.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p612.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p612.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T10:18:06Z","timestamp":1716632286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/3\/article-p612.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.6.jns23260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}