{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T01:48:56Z","timestamp":1783648136859,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The low expression of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) subtypes in somatotropinoma is associated with a poor response to somatostatin analogs (SSAs). However, the correlation between SSTRs and tumor invasion has not yet been clarified. Therefore, the authors aimed to investigate the relationship between SSTRs and tumor invasion, as well as the correlation between tumor invasiveness and pharmacological response to SSAs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 102 patients with acromegaly who underwent surgery between December 2016 and December 2021 at the largest pituitary tumor surgery center in southern China were included in this retrospective study. Patients were divided into the noninvasive tumor group (Knosp grades 0\u20132 and Hardy-Wilson grade I or II) and invasive group (either Knosp grade 3 or 4 or Hardy-Wilson grade III or IV). The positive response to SSAs was defined by the following criteria after at least 3 months of SSA treatment: 1) \u2265 50% reduction or age- and sex-adjusted normal range of insulin-like growth factor\u20131 (IGF-1) level; 2) \u2265 80% reduction in or normal range of growth hormone (GH) level; or 3) &gt; 20% reduction in tumor volume. The reference for the normal range of age- and sex-adjusted serum IGF-1 levels was derived from a survey of 2791 healthy adults (1339 males and 1452 females) in China. Demographics and clinical characteristics including tumor size, biochemical assessment, expression levels of SSTRs, and response to preoperative SSAs were compared between the invasive group and noninvasive group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the association between SSTR2 and tumor invasion.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Compared with the noninvasive group, the invasive group presented with a larger tumor size (9.99 \u00b1 10.41 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> vs 3.50 \u00b1 4.02 cm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>, p &lt; 0.001), relatively lower SSTR2 expression (p &lt; 0.001), and poorer response to SSAs (36.4% vs 91.7%, p &lt; 0.001). In addition, there was a significant negative correlation between SSTR2 mRNA level and tumor size (r = \u22120.214, p = 0.031). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the expression of SSTR1, SSTR3, and SSTR5 between the groups. ROC analysis revealed that the low SSTR2 mRNA level was closely associated with tumor invasion (area under the curve 0.805, p &lt; 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Tumor invasion is negatively correlated with SSTR2 level but is not associated with other SSTR subtypes. Patients with invasive tumors have a poorer response to SSA therapy, which may be due to the low level of SSTR2 expression. Therefore, SSTR2 could be considered as a routine investigative marker for aiding management of postoperative residual tumors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.7.jns23858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,7]],"date-time":"2023-10-07T01:38:45Z","timestamp":1696642725000},"page":"1019-1028","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Correlation between tumor invasion and somatostatin receptor subtypes in acromegaly"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Shaolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhana","family":"Akter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimin","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ailiang","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenli","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhigang","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonghong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Pituitary Tumor Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Annu Rev Pathol","first-page":"97","article-title":"The pathogenesis of pituitary tumors","volume":"4","author":"Asa SL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Asa SL, Ezzat S. 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J Neurooncol. 2021;151(2):313\u2013324."},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord","first-page":"203","article-title":"Definition and diagnosis of aggressive pituitary tumors","volume":"21","author":"Kasuki L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kasuki L, Raverot G. Definition and diagnosis of aggressive pituitary tumors. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020;21(2):203\u2013208."},{"key":"b39","series-title":"J Healthc Eng","first-page":"8280540","article-title":"Correlation analysis of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and prognosis of invasive pituitary adenomas in neurosurgery hospitals","volume":"2022","author":"Bai J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bai J, Li X, Ge A, Gu J. Correlation analysis of magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and prognosis of invasive pituitary adenomas in neurosurgery hospitals. 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