{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:41:33Z","timestamp":1790188893012,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality with lasting effects including neurological deficits and psychological comorbidities. Recent studies have shown that social determinants of health are key factors that impact clinical outcomes in other pediatric traumatic injuries, suggesting that these health disparities may have a significant impact on patients sustaining TBI as well. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review a cohort of pediatric patients diagnosed with TBI and elucidate the relationships among socioeconomic deprivation, patient-specific demographics, and morbidity and mortality.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patients (\u2264 18 years of age) treated for TBI at a level I pediatric trauma center between 2016 and 2020. Patients with concussion-related injuries without intracranial findings and those with nonaccidental trauma were excluded from the study. In addition to evaluating basic patient demographics, the authors geocoded patient addresses to allow identification of the patient\u2019s home census tract using the material community deprivation index (MCDI). The MCDI is a unique composite index score created by the combination of six census variables and ranges from 0 to 1 in severity.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Of the 513 patients included in this study, 71 (13.8%) were diagnosed with severe TBI, 28 (5.5%) with moderate TBI, and 414 (80.7%) with mild TBI. Patients in quartile 4 (MCDI \u2265 0.45) were at a significantly higher risk of having a severe TBI than patients in quartile 1 (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.1\u20134.71; p = 0.02). Black patients were more likely to have a firearm-related TBI (OR 3.74, 95% CI 2.01\u20138.7; p = 0.018) than non-Black patients. Patients who lived in a neighborhood with a lower MCDI were significantly more likely to be discharged home than those who lived in an area with a higher MCDI (OR 2.78, 95% CI 7.90\u201332.93; p < 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n This study demonstrated that inequities continue to exist within the pediatric TBI population and that the MCDI is a valuable tool to identify at-risk subpopulations. More specifically, patients who lived in a neighborhood with a higher MCDI were at higher risk of sustaining a severe TBI. By partnering with communities, families, and policymakers, healthcare providers could serve as advocates for these patients and work to minimize the social disparities that continue to exist.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.8.focus23448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]],"date-time":"2023-11-01T10:09:08Z","timestamp":1698833348000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Utility of the material community deprivation index as a metric to identify at-risk children for severe traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Amber L.","family":"Gaulden","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Trinidad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne","family":"Moody","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meera","family":"Kotagal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati; and"},{"name":"Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco T.","family":"Mangano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Smruti K.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Pediatric Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"West J Emerg Med","first-page":"289","article-title":"Emergency department visits for traumatic brain injury in older adults in the United States: 2006-08","volume":"13","author":"Pearson WS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pearson WS, Sugerman DE, McGuire LC, Coronado VG. 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