{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:00:59Z","timestamp":1787936459719,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The pathophysiology of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) is not well understood, but recent data suggest blood components play a significant role. This study aimed to understand the timing of membrane attack complex (MAC) activation after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the effect of MAC inhibition on PHH development.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study was composed of four parts. First, 24 young adult male rats underwent stereotactic intraventricular injection of autologous blood or saline and MRI on day 1, 3, or 7 after hemorrhage. Second, 18 rats underwent intraventricular injection of saline, autologous blood with aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATA) in vehicle, or autologous blood with vehicle and underwent serial MRI studies on days 1 and 3 after hemorrhage. Third, 12 rats underwent intraventricular injections as above and MRI 2 hours after hemorrhage. Finally, 24 rats underwent the intraventricular injections as above, as well as serial MRI studies on days 1, 7, 14, and 28 after hemorrhage. The MR images were used to calculate ventricular volume and iron deposition. Open field testing was performed to assess functional outcomes. Outcomes on day 28 were reported as a ratio to the animal\u2019s baseline values and normalized via log-transformation. Statistical analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality and t-tests and 1-way analysis of variance for 2 and 3 groups of continuous variables, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>MAC was found within the hematoma 1 day after hemorrhage and persisted until day 7. Administration of ATA resulted in similar intraventricular hematoma volumes compared to vehicle 2 hours after hemorrhage. At 1 and 3 days after hemorrhage, ATA administration resulted in significantly smaller ventricular volumes and less hemolysis within the hematoma than in the vehicle animals. Administration of ATA also resulted in significantly smaller ventriculomegaly and less iron deposition in the periventricular area than in the vehicle rats 28 days after hemorrhage. Functionally, ATA rats were significantly faster, traveled longer distances, and spent less time resting than vehicle rats at 28 days.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>MAC was activated early and persisted within the hematoma until day 7 after IVH. MAC inhibition attenuated hemolysis in the clot and ventriculomegaly acutely after IVH. One month after hemorrhage, MAC inhibition attenuated ventriculomegaly and iron accumulation and improved functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.8.jns23667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T01:29:25Z","timestamp":1699666165000},"page":"1482-1492","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Attenuation of ventriculomegaly and iron overload after intraventricular hemorrhage by membrane attack complex inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"140","author":[{"given":"Katherine G.","family":"Holste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenghui","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sravanthi","family":"Koduri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh J. L.","family":"Garton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cormac O.","family":"Maher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard F.","family":"Keep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guohua","family":"Xi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurol","first-page":"382","article-title":"Primary intraventricular hemorrhage in adults: etiological causes and prognostic factors in Chinese population","volume":"264","author":"Zhang S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhang S, Jia B, Li H, You C, Hanley DF, Jiang Y. Primary intraventricular hemorrhage in adults: etiological causes and prognostic factors in Chinese population. J Neurol. 2017;264(2):382\u2013390."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/3-211-30714-1_16","article-title":"Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the STICH trial","volume":"96","author":"Bhattathiri PS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bhattathiri PS, Gregson B, Prasad KS, Mendelow AD. Intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the STICH trial. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2006;96:65-68."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"767","article-title":"Dynamics of intraventricular hemorrhage in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors, clinical impact, and effect of hemostatic therapy with recombinant activated factor VII","volume":"59","author":"Steiner T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steiner T, Diringer MN, Schneider D,  Dynamics of intraventricular hemorrhage in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: risk factors, clinical impact, and effect of hemostatic therapy with recombinant activated factor VII. Neurosurgery. 2006;59(4):767\u2013774."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed","first-page":"F37","article-title":"Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in the premature infant: natural history and predictors of outcome","volume":"87","author":"Murphy BP","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murphy BP, Inder TE, Rooks V,  Posthaemorrhagic ventricular dilatation in the premature infant: natural history and predictors of outcome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2002;87(1):F37\u2013F41."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"260","article-title":"Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000\u20132010","volume":"17","author":"Christian EA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Christian EA, Jin DL, Attenello F,  Trends in hospitalization of preterm infants with intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus in the United States, 2000\u20132010. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(3):260\u2013269."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurol Sci","first-page":"117564","article-title":"Ventriculopleural shunt: review of literature and novel ways to improve ventriculopleural shunt tolerance","volume":"428","author":"Wong T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wong T, Gold J, Houser R, Herschman Y, Jani R, Goldstein I. Ventriculopleural shunt: review of literature and novel ways to improve ventriculopleural shunt tolerance. J Neurol Sci. 2021;428:117564."},{"issue":"4","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"382","article-title":"Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Riva-Cambrin J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JR, Holubkov R,  Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(4):382\u2013390."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Exp Neurol","first-page":"398","article-title":"The complement cascade as a therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"219","author":"Ducruet AF","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ducruet AF, Zacharia BE, Hickman ZL,  The complement cascade as a therapeutic target in intracerebral hemorrhage. Exp Neurol. 2009;219(2):398\u2013403."},{"issue":"14","key":"b9","series-title":"Mol Immunol","first-page":"1592","article-title":"Complement in the brain","volume":"48","author":"Veerhuis R","year":"2011","unstructured":"Veerhuis R, Nielsen HM, Tenner AJ. Complement in the brain. Mol Immunol. 2011;48(14):1592\u20131603."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"696","article-title":"Role of hemoglobin and iron in hydrocephalus after neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"75","author":"Strahle JM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Strahle JM, Garton T, Bazzi AA,  Role of hemoglobin and iron in hydrocephalus after neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2014;75(6):696\u2013706."},{"issue":"7","key":"b11","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1859","article-title":"Complement inhibition attenuates early erythrolysis in the hematoma and brain injury in aged rats","volume":"50","author":"Wang M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang M, Hua Y, Keep RF, Wan S, Novakovic N, Xi G. Complement inhibition attenuates early erythrolysis in the hematoma and brain injury in aged rats. Stroke. 2019;50(7):1859\u20131868."},{"issue":"6","key":"b12","series-title":"Int J Mol Sci","first-page":"2943","article-title":"A role of complement in the pathogenic sequelae of mouse neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage","volume":"23","author":"Alshareef M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alshareef M, Mallah K, Vasas T,  A role of complement in the pathogenic sequelae of mouse neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(6):2943."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Neuropharmacology","first-page":"108927","article-title":"C3\/C3aR inhibition alleviates GMH-IVH-induced hydrocephalus by preventing microglia-astrocyte interactions in neonatal rats","volume":"205","author":"Tang J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang J, Jila S, Luo T,  C3\/C3aR inhibition alleviates GMH-IVH-induced hydrocephalus by preventing microglia-astrocyte interactions in neonatal rats. Neuropharmacology. 2022;205:108927."},{"issue":"7","key":"b14","series-title":"PLoS Biol","first-page":"e3000410","article-title":"The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research","volume":"18","author":"Percie du Sert N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Percie du Sert N, Hurst V, Ahluwalia A,  The ARRIVE guidelines 2.0: updated guidelines for reporting animal research. PLoS Biol. 2020;18(7):e3000410."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effects of aging on hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"17","author":"Wan Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wan Y, Gao F, Ye F,  Effects of aging on hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2020;17(1):8."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"465","article-title":"Role of iron in brain injury after intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"42","author":"Chen Z","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chen Z, Gao C, Hua Y, Keep RF, Muraszko K, Xi G. Role of iron in brain injury after intraventricular hemorrhage. Stroke. 2011;42(2):465\u2013470."},{"issue":"12","key":"b17","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"2964","article-title":"Iron and iron-handling proteins in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"34","author":"Wu J","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wu J, Hua Y, Keep RF, Nakamura T, Hoff JT, Xi G. Iron and iron-handling proteins in the brain after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003;34(12):2964\u20132969."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol","first-page":"843297","article-title":"Transcriptome profiles of lncRNA and mRNA highlight the role of ferroptosis in chronic neuropathic pain with memory impairment","volume":"10","author":"Tang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang Y, Liu C, Zhu T,  Transcriptome profiles of lncRNA and mRNA highlight the role of ferroptosis in chronic neuropathic pain with memory impairment. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2022;10:843297."},{"issue":"2","key":"b19","series-title":"Niger J Physiol Sci","first-page":"105","article-title":"Neurobehavioral deficits in progressive experimental hydrocephalus in neonatal rats","volume":"31","author":"Olopade FE","year":"2017","unstructured":"Olopade FE, Shokunbi MT. Neurobehavioral deficits in progressive experimental hydrocephalus in neonatal rats. Niger J Physiol Sci. 2017;31(2):105\u2013113."},{"key":"b20","first-page":"1017484","article-title":"The validity of animal models to explore the pathogenic role of the complement system in multiple sclerosis: a review. Front Mol Neurosci","volume":"15","author":"Saez-Calveras N","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saez-Calveras N, Brewster AL, Stuve O. The validity of animal models to explore the pathogenic role of the complement system in multiple sclerosis: a review. Front Mol Neurosci. 2022;15:1017484."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1016","article-title":"Complement activation in the brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"92","author":"Hua Y","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hua Y, Xi G, Keep RF, Hoff JT. Complement activation in the brain after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. J Neurosurg. 2000;92(6):1016\u20131022."},{"issue":"2","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"255","article-title":"Early plasma complement C3a levels correlate with functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"61","author":"Mack WJ","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mack WJ, Ducruet AF, Hickman ZL,  Early plasma complement C3a levels correlate with functional outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurgery. 2007;61(2):255\u2013261."},{"issue":"8","key":"b23","series-title":"Mol Neurobiol","first-page":"6187","article-title":"C5a\/C5aR pathway plays a vital role in brain inflammatory injury via initiating Fgl-2 in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"54","author":"Yuan B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yuan B, Fu F, Huang S,  C5a\/C5aR pathway plays a vital role in brain inflammatory injury via initiating Fgl-2 in intracerebral hemorrhage. Mol Neurobiol. 2017;54(8):6187\u20136197."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"402","article-title":"Brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: the role of inflammation","volume":"54","author":"Zhang X","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zhang X, Li H, Hu S,  Brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: the role of inflammation. Neurol India. 2006;54(4):402\u2013407."},{"issue":"6","key":"b25","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1626","article-title":"Hematoma changes during clot resolution after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"47","author":"Cao S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cao S, Zheng M, Hua Y, Chen G, Keep RF, Xi G. Hematoma changes during clot resolution after experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2016;47(6):1626\u20131631."},{"issue":"11","key":"b26","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury","volume":"30","author":"Lee JY","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee JY, Keep RF, He Y, Sagher O, Hua Y, Xi G. Hemoglobin and iron handling in brain after subarachnoid hemorrhage and the effect of deferoxamine on early brain injury. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010;30(11):1793\u20131803."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"115","article-title":"Minocycline-induced attenuation of iron overload and brain injury after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage","volume":"1594","author":"Guo J","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guo J, Chen Q, Tang J,  Minocycline-induced attenuation of iron overload and brain injury after experimental germinal matrix hemorrhage. Brain Res. 2015;1594:115\u2013124."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"44","article-title":"Deferoxamine alleviates chronic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage through iron chelation and Wnt1\/Wnt3a inhibition","volume":"1602","author":"Meng H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng H, Li F, Hu R,  Deferoxamine alleviates chronic hydrocephalus after intraventricular hemorrhage through iron chelation and Wnt1\/Wnt3a inhibition. Brain Res. 2015;1602:44\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"462","article-title":"Brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: the role of iron overload and aquaporin 4","volume":"110","author":"Qing WG","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qing WG, Dong YQ, Ping TQ,  Brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats: the role of iron overload and aquaporin 4. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(3):462\u2013468."},{"issue":"2","key":"b30","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"612","article-title":"Bexarotene enhances macrophage erythrophagocytosis and hematoma clearance in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"51","author":"Chang CF","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang CF, Massey J, Osherov A, Angenendt da Costa LH, Sansing LH. Bexarotene enhances macrophage erythrophagocytosis and hematoma clearance in experimental intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2020;51(2):612\u2013618."},{"issue":"3","key":"b31","series-title":"Transl Stroke Res","first-page":"541","article-title":"CD47 blocking antibody accelerates hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage in aged rats","volume":"11","author":"Tao C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tao C, Keep RF, Xi G, Hua Y. CD47 blocking antibody accelerates hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage in aged rats. Transl Stroke Res. 2020;11(3):541\u2013551."},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","first-page":"124","article-title":"PPAR\u03b3-induced upregulation of CD36 enhances hematoma resolution and attenuates long-term neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats","volume":"87","author":"Flores JJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Flores JJ, Klebe D, Rolland WB, Lekic T, Krafft PR, Zhang JH. PPAR\u03b3-induced upregulation of CD36 enhances hematoma resolution and attenuates long-term neurological deficits after germinal matrix hemorrhage in neonatal rats. Neurobiol Dis. 2016;87:124\u2013133."},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Neurobiol Dis","first-page":"105384","article-title":"CD47 blocking antibody accelerates hematoma clearance and alleviates hydrocephalus after experimental intraventricular hemorrhage","volume":"155","author":"Ye F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ye F, Hua Y, Keep RF, Xi G, Garton HJL. CD47 blocking antibody accelerates hematoma clearance and alleviates hydrocephalus after experimental intraventricular hemorrhage. Neurobiol Dis. 2021;155:105384."},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"640","article-title":"Endoscopic intraventricular hematoma evacuation surgery versus external ventricular drainage for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Zhu J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu J, Tang C, Cong Z,  Endoscopic intraventricular hematoma evacuation surgery versus external ventricular drainage for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe intraventricular hemorrhage: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Trials. 2020;21(1):640."},{"issue":"4","key":"b35","series-title":"Brain Hemorrhages","first-page":"171","article-title":"Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke","volume":"1","author":"Ruan J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ruan J, Yao Y. Behavioral tests in rodent models of stroke. Brain Hemorrhages. 2020;1(4):171\u2013184."},{"issue":"6","key":"b36","series-title":"Dev Neurosci","first-page":"520","article-title":"Pre- and postshunting magnetization transfer ratios are in accordance with neurological and behavioral changes in hydrocephalic immature rats","volume":"36","author":"Rocha Catal\u00e3o CH","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rocha Catal\u00e3o CH, Leme Correa DA, Bernardino Garcia CA,  Pre- and postshunting magnetization transfer ratios are in accordance with neurological and behavioral changes in hydrocephalic immature rats. Dev Neurosci. 2014;36(6):520\u2013531."},{"key":"b37","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"109","article-title":"The neuro-behavioral profile in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"1491","author":"Boyko M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boyko M, Azab AN, Kuts R,  The neuro-behavioral profile in rats after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res. 2013;1491:109\u2013116."},{"issue":"5","key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"476","article-title":"Neonatal hydrocephalus leads to white matter neuroinflammation and injury in the corpus callosum of Ccdc39 hydrocephalic mice","volume":"25","author":"Goulding DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goulding DS, Vogel RC, Pandya CD,  Neonatal hydrocephalus leads to white matter neuroinflammation and injury in the corpus callosum of Ccdc39 hydrocephalic mice. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2020;25(5):476\u2013483."},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"1","article-title":"A change in brain white matter after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a tract-based spatial statistics study","volume":"14","author":"Kanno S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kanno S, Saito M, Kashinoura T,  A change in brain white matter after shunt surgery in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a tract-based spatial statistics study. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2017;14(1):1."},{"issue":"7","key":"b40","series-title":"Br J Pharmacol","first-page":"1633","article-title":"A comparative study of the antithrombotic effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on arterial thrombosis in rats and guinea pigs","volume":"118","author":"Takiguchi Y","year":"1996","unstructured":"Takiguchi Y, Shimazawa M, Nakashima M. A comparative study of the antithrombotic effect of aurintricarboxylic acid on arterial thrombosis in rats and guinea pigs. Br J Pharmacol. 1996;118(7):1633\u20131638."},{"issue":"4","key":"b41","series-title":"Thromb Res","first-page":"379","article-title":"Aurin tricarboxylic acid inhibits fibrinogen clotting with thrombin by forming soluble fibrin complexes","volume":"77","author":"Lipinski B","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lipinski B. Aurin tricarboxylic acid inhibits fibrinogen clotting with thrombin by forming soluble fibrin complexes. Thromb Res. 1995;77(4):379-380."},{"issue":"1","key":"b42","series-title":"Fluids Barriers CNS","first-page":"38","article-title":"Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils","volume":"18","author":"Peng K","year":"2021","unstructured":"Peng K, Koduri S, Xia F,  Impact of sex differences on thrombin-induced hydrocephalus and white matter injury: the role of neutrophils. Fluids Barriers CNS. 2021;18(1):38."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/5\/article-p1482.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/5\/article-p1482.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/5\/article-p1482.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,25]],"date-time":"2024-05-25T10:24:42Z","timestamp":1716632682000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/140\/5\/article-p1482.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2023.8.jns23667","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}