{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T02:25:01Z","timestamp":1794018301647,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chordomas are rare tumors that often recur regardless of surgery with negative margins and postoperative radiotherapy. The predictive accuracy of widely used immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in addressing the recurrence of skull base chordomas (SBCs) is yet to be determined. This study aimed to investigate IHC markers in the prediction of recurrence after SBC resection with adjuvant radiation therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors reviewed the records of patients who had treatment for SBC between January 2017 and June 2021 across the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, Florida, and Arizona. Exclusion criteria included patients who had no histopathology or recurrence as an outcome. Histopathological markers included cytokeratin A1\/A3 only, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), S100 protein, pan-cytokeratin, IN1, GATA3, CAM5.2, OSCAR, and chondroid. Information from patient records was abstracted, including treatment, clinical and radiological follow-up duration, demographics, and histopathological factors. Decision tree and random forest classifiers were trained and tested to predict the recurrence based on unseen data using an 80\/20 split.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 38 patients with a diagnosis of SBC who underwent resection (gross-total resection: 42.1%; and subtotal resection: 57.9%) and radiation therapy were extracted from the medical records. The mean patient age was 48.2 (SD 19.6) years; most patients were male (n = 23; 60.5%) and White (n = 36; 94.7%). Pan-cytokeratin was associated with an increased risk of postoperative recurrence (OR 14.67, 95% CI 2.44\u201388.13; p = 0.00517) after resection and adjuvant radiotherapy. The decision tree analysis found pan-cytokeratin\u2013positive tumors to have a 78% chance of being classified as a recurrence, with an accuracy of 75%. The distribution of minimal depth in the prediction of postoperative recurrence indicates that the most important variables were pan-cytokeratin, followed by cytokeratin A1\/A3 and EMA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 machine learning algorithm identified pan-cytokeratin as the largest contributor to recurrence among other IHC markers after SBC resection. Machine learning may facilitate the prediction of outcomes in rare tumors, such as chordomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2023.9.jns23862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,10]],"date-time":"2023-11-10T20:27:57Z","timestamp":1699648077000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Immunohistochemical markers predicting recurrence following resection and radiotherapy in chordoma patients: insights from a multicenter study [RETRACTED]"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Antonio","family":"Bon Nieves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul Karim","family":"Ghaith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Gabriel","family":"El-Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oluwaseun O.","family":"Akinduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufyan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ghanem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anshit","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Otamendi-Lopez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim Rizwan","family":"Nathani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Garret","family":"Choby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia N.","family":"Laack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Peris Celda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"Qui\u00f1ones-Hinojosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Pinheiro Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head & Neck Surgery, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"World J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Skull base chordomas review of current treatment paradigms","volume":"6","author":"Yaniv D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yaniv D, Soudry E, Strenov Y, Cohen MA, Mizrachi A. 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