{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T13:00:33Z","timestamp":1792155633694,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n In contrast to high-grade dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF), low-grade dAVF is mainly associated with tinnitus and carries a low risk of morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear whether the benefits of active interventions outweigh the associated risk of complications in low-grade dAVF.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors conducted a retrospective single-center study that included all consecutive patients diagnosed with an intracranial low-grade dAVF (Cognard type I and IIa) during 2012\u20132022 with DSA. The authors analyzed symptom relief, symptomatic angiographic cure, treatment-related complications, risk for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality. All patients were followed up until the end of 2022.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 81 patients were diagnosed with a low-grade dAVF. Of these, 48 patients (59%) underwent treatment (all primary endovascular treatments), and 33 patients (41%) did not undergo treatment. Nine patients (19%) underwent retreatments. Angiographic follow-up was performed after median (IQR) 7.7 (6.1\u201324.1) months by means of DSA (mean 15.0, median 6.4 months, range 4.5\u201383.4 months) or MRA (mean 29.3, median 24.7 months, range 5.9\u201362.1 months). Symptom control was achieved in 98% of treated patients after final treatment. On final angiographic follow-up, 73% of patients had a completely occluded dAVF. There were 2 treatment-related complications resulting in 1 transient (2%) and 1 permanent (2%) neurological complication. One patient showed recurrence and progression of a completely occluded low-grade dAVF to an asymptomatic high-grade dAVF. No cases of ICH- or dAVF-related mortality were found in either treated patients (median [IQR] follow-up 5.1 [2.0\u20136.8] years) or untreated patients (median [IQR] follow-up 5.7 [3.2\u20139.0] years).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Treatment of low-grade dAVF provides a high rate of symptom relief with small risks for complications with neurological sequela. The risks of ICH and mortality in patients with untreated low-grade dAVF are minimal. Symptoms may not reveal high-grade recurrence, and radiological follow-up may be warranted in selected patients with treated low-grade dAVF. An optimal radiographic follow-up regimen should be developed by a future prospective multicenter registry.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.focus23767","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T07:01:18Z","timestamp":1709276478000},"page":"E2","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Long-term treatment outcomes and natural course of low-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Tobias","family":"Rossmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria;"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Veldeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elias","family":"Oulasvirta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ville","family":"Nurminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip-Rudolf","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria;"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neuromed Campus, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria;"},{"name":"Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lehecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mika","family":"Niemel\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jussi","family":"Numminen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finland;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"923","article-title":"Characteristics and long-term outcome of 251 patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas in a defined population","volume":"118","author":"Piippo A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piippo A, Niemel\u00e4 M, van Popta J, Characteristics and long-term outcome of 251 patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas in a defined population. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(5):923\u2013934."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"166","article-title":"A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment","volume":"82","author":"Borden JA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Borden JA, Wu JK, Shucart WA. A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment. J Neurosurg. 1995;82(2):166\u2013179."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard C, Gobin YP, Pierot L, Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671\u2013680."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"48","author":"Reynolds MR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynolds MR, Lanzino G, Zipfel GJ. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1424\u20131431."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"594","article-title":"The natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"71","author":"Gross BA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gross BA, Du R. The natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(3):594\u2013603."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data","volume":"26","author":"Zipfel GJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zipfel GJ, Shah MN, Refai D, Dacey RG Jr, Derdeyn CP. Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(5):E14."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"63","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications","volume":"37","author":"Baltsavias G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baltsavias G, Valavanis A. Endovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications. Neurosurg Rev. 2014;37(1):63\u201371."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"767","article-title":"Benign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion","volume":"97","author":"Satomi J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Satomi J, van Dijk JMC, Terbrugge KG, Willinsky RA, Wallace MC. Benign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(4):767\u2013770."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"295","article-title":"The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions","volume":"3","author":"Davies MA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davies MA, Saleh J, Ter Brugge K, Willinsky R, Wallace MC. The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions. Interv Neuroradiol. 1997;3(4):295\u2013302."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Observation versus intervention for low-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"88","author":"Chen CJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen CJ, Buell TJ, Ding D, Observation versus intervention for low-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(6):1111\u20131120."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Transarterial onyx embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Chandra RV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chandra RV, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mehta BP, Transarterial onyx embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(9):1793\u20131797."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","article-title":"Observation versus intervention for Borden type I intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula: a pooled analysis of 469 patients","author":"Schartz D","unstructured":"Schartz D, Rahmani R, Gunturi A, Observation versus intervention for Borden type I intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula: a pooled analysis of 469 patients. Interv Neuroradiol. Published online September 13, 2022. doi:10.1177\/15910199221127070"},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"795","article-title":"A multicenter prospective registry of Borden type I dural arteriovenous fistula: results of a 3-year follow-up study","volume":"64","author":"Nishi H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishi H, Ikeda H, Ishii A, A multicenter prospective registry of Borden type I dural arteriovenous fistula: results of a 3-year follow-up study. Neuroradiology. 2022;64(4):795\u2013805."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"942","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistulas without cortical venous drainage: presentation, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"136","author":"Samaniego EA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samaniego EA, Roa JA, Hayakawa M, Dural arteriovenous fistulas without cortical venous drainage: presentation, treatment, and outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):942\u2013950."},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"539","article-title":"Borden-Shucart Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical course including risk of conversion to higher-grade fistulas","volume":"117","author":"Shah MN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah MN, Botros JA, Pilgram TK, Borden-Shucart Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical course including risk of conversion to higher-grade fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2012;117(3):539\u2013545."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1114","article-title":"A multi-institutional analysis of the untreated course of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"129","author":"Gross BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gross BA, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG, A multi-institutional analysis of the untreated course of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(5):1114\u20131119."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"937","article-title":"Introduction. The Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR)","volume":"136","author":"Zipfel GJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zipfel GJ. Introduction. The Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR). J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):937\u2013938."},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"951","article-title":"Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort","volume":"136","author":"Guniganti R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guniganti R, Giordan E, Chen CJ, Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):951\u2013961."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"124","author":"Ambekar S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambekar S, Gaynor BG, Peterson EC, Elhammady MS. Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1123\u20131127."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1323","article-title":"\"Cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Letter","volume":"125","author":"McDowell MM","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDowell MM, Ducruet AF. \"Cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Letter. J Neurosurg. 2016;125(5):1323\u20131324."},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E12","article-title":"Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization","volume":"32","author":"Adamczyk P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamczyk P, Amar AP, Mack WJ, Larsen DW. Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;32(5):E12."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1884","article-title":"Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"126","author":"Gross BA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gross BA, Albuquerque FC, Moon K, McDougall CG. Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(6):1884\u20131893."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"981","article-title":"Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR)","volume":"136","author":"Abecassis IJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abecassis IJ, Meyer RM, Levitt MR, Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR). J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):981\u2013989."},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Assessment of 4D MR angiography at 3T compared with DSA for the follow-up of embolized brain dural arteriovenous fistula: a dual-center study","volume":"42","author":"Dissaux B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dissaux B, Eug\u00e8ne F, Ognard J, Gauvrit JY, Gentric JC, Ferr\u00e9 JC. Assessment of 4D MR angiography at 3T compared with DSA for the follow-up of embolized brain dural arteriovenous fistula: a dual-center study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021;42(2):340\u2013346."},{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"923","article-title":"Characteristics and long-term outcome of 251 patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas in a defined population","volume":"118","author":"Piippo A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Piippo A, Niemel\u00e4 M, van Popta J, Characteristics and long-term outcome of 251 patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas in a defined population. J Neurosurg. 2013;118(5):923\u2013934."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"166","article-title":"A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment","volume":"82","author":"Borden JA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Borden JA, Wu JK, Shucart WA. A proposed classification for spinal and cranial dural arteriovenous fistulous malformations and implications for treatment. J Neurosurg. 1995;82(2):166\u2013179."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard C, Gobin YP, Pierot L, Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671\u2013680."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1424","article-title":"Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"48","author":"Reynolds MR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reynolds MR, Lanzino G, Zipfel GJ. Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Stroke. 2017;48(5):1424\u20131431."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"594","article-title":"The natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae","volume":"71","author":"Gross BA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gross BA, Du R. The natural history of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulae. Neurosurgery. 2012;71(3):594\u2013603."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E14","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data","volume":"26","author":"Zipfel GJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zipfel GJ, Shah MN, Refai D, Dacey RG Jr, Derdeyn CP. Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: modification of angiographic classification scales based on new natural history data. Neurosurg Focus. 2009;26(5):E14."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"63","article-title":"Endovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications","volume":"37","author":"Baltsavias G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Baltsavias G, Valavanis A. Endovascular treatment of 170 consecutive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae: results and complications. Neurosurg Rev. 2014;37(1):63\u201371."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"767","article-title":"Benign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion","volume":"97","author":"Satomi J","year":"2002","unstructured":"Satomi J, van Dijk JMC, Terbrugge KG, Willinsky RA, Wallace MC. Benign cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: outcome of conservative management based on the natural history of the lesion. J Neurosurg. 2002;97(4):767\u2013770."},{"issue":"4","key":"b9","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"295","article-title":"The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions","volume":"3","author":"Davies MA","year":"1997","unstructured":"Davies MA, Saleh J, Ter Brugge K, Willinsky R, Wallace MC. The natural history and management of intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Part 1: benign lesions. Interv Neuroradiol. 1997;3(4):295\u2013302."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1111","article-title":"Observation versus intervention for low-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"88","author":"Chen CJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen CJ, Buell TJ, Ding D, Observation versus intervention for low-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(6):1111\u20131120."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1793","article-title":"Transarterial onyx embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up","volume":"35","author":"Chandra RV","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chandra RV, Leslie-Mazwi TM, Mehta BP, Transarterial onyx embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: long-term follow-up. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(9):1793\u20131797."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","article-title":"Observation versus intervention for Borden type I intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula: a pooled analysis of 469 patients","author":"Schartz D","unstructured":"Schartz D, Rahmani R, Gunturi A, Observation versus intervention for Borden type I intracranial dural arteriovenous fistula: a pooled analysis of 469 patients. Interv Neuroradiol. Published online September 13, 2022. doi:10.1177\/15910199221127070"},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"795","article-title":"A multicenter prospective registry of Borden type I dural arteriovenous fistula: results of a 3-year follow-up study","volume":"64","author":"Nishi H","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nishi H, Ikeda H, Ishii A, A multicenter prospective registry of Borden type I dural arteriovenous fistula: results of a 3-year follow-up study. Neuroradiology. 2022;64(4):795\u2013805."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"942","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistulas without cortical venous drainage: presentation, treatment, and outcomes","volume":"136","author":"Samaniego EA","year":"2021","unstructured":"Samaniego EA, Roa JA, Hayakawa M, Dural arteriovenous fistulas without cortical venous drainage: presentation, treatment, and outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):942\u2013950."},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"539","article-title":"Borden-Shucart Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical course including risk of conversion to higher-grade fistulas","volume":"117","author":"Shah MN","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shah MN, Botros JA, Pilgram TK, Borden-Shucart Type I dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical course including risk of conversion to higher-grade fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2012;117(3):539\u2013545."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1114","article-title":"A multi-institutional analysis of the untreated course of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"129","author":"Gross BA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gross BA, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG, A multi-institutional analysis of the untreated course of cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2018;129(5):1114\u20131119."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"937","article-title":"Introduction. The Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR)","volume":"136","author":"Zipfel GJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zipfel GJ. Introduction. The Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR). J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):937\u2013938."},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"951","article-title":"Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort","volume":"136","author":"Guniganti R","year":"2021","unstructured":"Guniganti R, Giordan E, Chen CJ, Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):951\u2013961."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"124","author":"Ambekar S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambekar S, Gaynor BG, Peterson EC, Elhammady MS. Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1123\u20131127."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1323","article-title":"\"Cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Letter","volume":"125","author":"McDowell MM","year":"2016","unstructured":"McDowell MM, Ducruet AF. \"Cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. Letter. J Neurosurg. 2016;125(5):1323\u20131324."},{"issue":"5","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E12","article-title":"Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization","volume":"32","author":"Adamczyk P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamczyk P, Amar AP, Mack WJ, Larsen DW. Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;32(5):E12."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1884","article-title":"Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"126","author":"Gross BA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gross BA, Albuquerque FC, Moon K, McDougall CG. Evolution of treatment and a detailed analysis of occlusion, recurrence, and clinical outcomes in an endovascular library of 260 dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(6):1884\u20131893."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"981","article-title":"Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR)","volume":"136","author":"Abecassis IJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abecassis IJ, Meyer RM, Levitt MR, Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR). J Neurosurg. 2021;136(4):981\u2013989."},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"340","article-title":"Assessment of 4D MR angiography at 3T compared with DSA for the follow-up of embolized brain dural arteriovenous fistula: a dual-center study","volume":"42","author":"Dissaux B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dissaux B, Eug\u00e8ne F, Ognard J, Gauvrit JY, Gentric JC, Ferr\u00e9 JC. Assessment of 4D MR angiography at 3T compared with DSA for the follow-up of embolized brain dural arteriovenous fistula: a dual-center study. 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