{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:06:27Z","timestamp":1780131987090,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the authors aimed to describe the endoscopic transorbital approach (ETOA) in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Six pediatric patients (2 girls and 4 boys) underwent the ETOA for paramedian skull base lesions at a single institution between September 2016 and February 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The median age at the time of surgery was 7.5 (range 4\u201318) years. The median follow-up period was 33 (range 9\u201360) months. In this series, the ETOA level of difficulty included stage 1 (n = 2, 33.3%), stage 3 (n = 3, 50%), and stage 5 (n = 1, 16.7%). The ETOA was performed for tumor resection in 4 cases; the final pathology consisted of fibrous dysplasia, pilocytic astrocytoma, metastatic neuroblastoma, and choroid plexus papilloma. The procedure was also performed for repair of a petrous apex meningocele and for lateral orbital wall decompression of traumatic lateral rectus muscle entrapment. One patient experienced a transient cranial nerve III palsy after the procedure. There were no operative deaths in this series.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In select cases, the ETOA can be considered a minimally invasive alternative for conventional skull base approaches in the armamentarium of pediatric skull base surgery. Further investigation and the accumulation of experience are warranted in the future to enhance the efficacy and applicability of the ETOA in pediatric patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.focus23858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T02:17:47Z","timestamp":1711937867000},"page":"E12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Endoscopic transorbital approach in children: surgical technique and early results"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Chiman","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyuha","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyung Jin","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Armed Forces Capital Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doo-Sik","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3 Suppl Operative","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ons16","article-title":"Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery","volume":"67","author":"Moe KS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moe KS, Bergeron CM, Ellenbogen RG. Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(3 Suppl Operative):ons16\u2013ons28."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results","volume":"131","author":"Jeon C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeon C, Hong CK, Woo KI,  Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(4):1126\u20131135."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"667","article-title":"Clinical and ophthalmological outcome of endoscopic transorbital surgery for cranioorbital tumors","volume":"131","author":"Kong DS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong DS, Young SM, Hong CK,  Clinical and ophthalmological outcome of endoscopic transorbital surgery for cranioorbital tumors. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(3):667\u2013675."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty","volume":"137","author":"Di Somma A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Kong DS, de Notaris M,  Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(4):1187\u20131190."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"54","article-title":"Endoscopic Transorbital surgery: another leap of faith?","volume":"159","author":"Schwartz TH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwartz TH, Henderson F Jr, Di Somma A,  Endoscopic Transorbital surgery: another leap of faith? World Neurosurg. 2022;159:54-55."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"6484","article-title":"The transorbital approach, a game-changer in neurosurgery: a guide to safe and reliable surgery based on anatomical principles","volume":"12","author":"de Notaris M","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Notaris M, Sacco M, Corrivetti F,  The transorbital approach, a game-changer in neurosurgery: a guide to safe and reliable surgery based on anatomical principles. J Clin Med. 2023;12(20):6484."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"96","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma: introduction of a novel approach: 2-dimensional operative video","volume":"26","author":"Kong DS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong DS, Shin HJ. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma: introduction of a novel approach: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;26(1):96\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"412","article-title":"Feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic transorbital optic canal decompression for meningiomas causing compressive optic neuropathy","volume":"140","author":"Kim JH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JH, Hong CK, Shin HJ, Kong DS. Feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic transorbital optic canal decompression for meningiomas causing compressive optic neuropathy. J Neurosurg. 2023;140(2):412\u2013419."},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"165","article-title":"The endoscopic lateral transorbital approach for the removal of select sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas. Surgical technique and short-term outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Carnevale JA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carnevale JA, Rosen KU, Chae JK,  The endoscopic lateral transorbital approach for the removal of select sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas. Surgical technique and short-term outcomes. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;26(2):165\u2013172."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"The lateral transorbital approach to the medial sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, and Meckel\u2019s cave: target-based classification, approach-related complications, and intermediate-term ocular outcomes","author":"Mathios D","unstructured":"Mathios D, Bobeff EJ, Longo D,  The lateral transorbital approach to the medial sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, and Meckel\u2019s cave: target-based classification, approach-related complications, and intermediate-term ocular outcomes. J Neurosurg. Published online September 1, 2023. doi:10.3171\/2023.6.JNS23678."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"359","article-title":"Lateral transorbital endoscope-assisted approach to the cavernous sinus","volume":"25","author":"Bander ED","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bander ED, Carnevale JA, Tosi U, Godfrey KJ, Schwartz TH. Lateral transorbital endoscope-assisted approach to the cavernous sinus. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023;25(4):359\u2013364."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study","volume":"160","author":"Di Somma A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM,  Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(4):707\u2013720."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"1042655","article-title":"Editorial. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for skull base tumors","volume":"12","author":"Kong DS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong DS, Moe KS. Editorial. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for skull base tumors. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1042655."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"431","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches to petrous apex lesions","volume":"136","author":"Lee WJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Hong SD, Woo KI,  Endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches to petrous apex lesions. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(2):431\u2013440."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital approach to the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: a cadaveric study","volume":"133","author":"Gerges MM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerges MM, Godil SS, Younus I, Rezk M, Schwartz TH. Endoscopic transorbital approach to the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: a cadaveric study. J Neurosurg. 2019;133(6):1948\u20131959."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1491","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors","volume":"122","author":"Lee MH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee MH, Hong SD, Woo KI,  Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1491\u2013e1504."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Optimal indications and limitations of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid surgery for spheno-orbital meningiomas","volume":"134","author":"Kong DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim YH, Hong CK. Optimal indications and limitations of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid surgery for spheno-orbital meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(5):1472\u20131479."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"467","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005)","volume":"133","author":"Park HH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park HH, Hong SD, Kim YH,  Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005). J Neurosurg. 2020;133(2):467\u2013476."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"12","article-title":"The supraorbital eyebrow approach in children: clinical outcomes, cosmetic results, and complications","volume":"15","author":"Dlouhy BJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dlouhy BJ, Chae MP, Teo C. The supraorbital eyebrow approach in children: clinical outcomes, cosmetic results, and complications. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(1):12\u201319."},{"issue":"10","key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approach for exposure of the sylvian fissure, middle cerebral artery and crural cistern: an anatomical study","volume":"159","author":"Almeida JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeida JP, Ruiz-Trevi\u00f1o AS, Shetty SR, Omay SB, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. Transorbital endoscopic approach for exposure of the sylvian fissure, middle cerebral artery and crural cistern: an anatomical study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(10):1893\u20131907."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Indications and outcomes of endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma based on tumor classification: a multicenter study with 50 cases","volume":"138","author":"Kong DS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim YH, Lee WJ, Kim YH, Hong CK. Indications and outcomes of endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma based on tumor classification: a multicenter study with 50 cases. J Neurosurg. 2022;138(6):1653\u20131661."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"699","article-title":"Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program","volume":"117","author":"Snyderman C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snyderman C, Kassam A, Carrau R, Mintz A, Gardner P, Prevedello DM. Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(4):699\u2013705."},{"issue":"3 Suppl Operative","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ons16","article-title":"Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery","volume":"67","author":"Moe KS","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moe KS, Bergeron CM, Ellenbogen RG. Transorbital neuroendoscopic surgery. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(3 Suppl Operative):ons16\u2013ons28."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results","volume":"131","author":"Jeon C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jeon C, Hong CK, Woo KI,  Endoscopic transorbital surgery for Meckel\u2019s cave and middle cranial fossa tumors: surgical technique and early results. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(4):1126\u20131135."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"667","article-title":"Clinical and ophthalmological outcome of endoscopic transorbital surgery for cranioorbital tumors","volume":"131","author":"Kong DS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kong DS, Young SM, Hong CK,  Clinical and ophthalmological outcome of endoscopic transorbital surgery for cranioorbital tumors. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(3):667\u2013675."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty","volume":"137","author":"Di Somma A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Kong DS, de Notaris M,  Endoscopic transorbital surgery levels of difficulty. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(4):1187\u20131190."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"54","article-title":"Endoscopic Transorbital surgery: another leap of faith?","volume":"159","author":"Schwartz TH","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schwartz TH, Henderson F Jr, Di Somma A,  Endoscopic Transorbital surgery: another leap of faith? World Neurosurg. 2022;159:54-55."},{"issue":"20","key":"b6","series-title":"J Clin Med","first-page":"6484","article-title":"The transorbital approach, a game-changer in neurosurgery: a guide to safe and reliable surgery based on anatomical principles","volume":"12","author":"de Notaris M","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Notaris M, Sacco M, Corrivetti F,  The transorbital approach, a game-changer in neurosurgery: a guide to safe and reliable surgery based on anatomical principles. J Clin Med. 2023;12(20):6484."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"96","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma: introduction of a novel approach: 2-dimensional operative video","volume":"26","author":"Kong DS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kong DS, Shin HJ. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma: introduction of a novel approach: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;26(1):96\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"412","article-title":"Feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic transorbital optic canal decompression for meningiomas causing compressive optic neuropathy","volume":"140","author":"Kim JH","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim JH, Hong CK, Shin HJ, Kong DS. Feasibility and efficacy of endoscopic transorbital optic canal decompression for meningiomas causing compressive optic neuropathy. J Neurosurg. 2023;140(2):412\u2013419."},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"165","article-title":"The endoscopic lateral transorbital approach for the removal of select sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas. Surgical technique and short-term outcomes","volume":"26","author":"Carnevale JA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carnevale JA, Rosen KU, Chae JK,  The endoscopic lateral transorbital approach for the removal of select sphenoid wing and middle fossa meningiomas. Surgical technique and short-term outcomes. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;26(2):165\u2013172."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","article-title":"The lateral transorbital approach to the medial sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, and Meckel\u2019s cave: target-based classification, approach-related complications, and intermediate-term ocular outcomes","author":"Mathios D","unstructured":"Mathios D, Bobeff EJ, Longo D,  The lateral transorbital approach to the medial sphenoid wing, anterior clinoid, middle fossa, cavernous sinus, and Meckel\u2019s cave: target-based classification, approach-related complications, and intermediate-term ocular outcomes. J Neurosurg. Published online September 1, 2023. doi:10.3171\/2023.6.JNS23678."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"359","article-title":"Lateral transorbital endoscope-assisted approach to the cavernous sinus","volume":"25","author":"Bander ED","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bander ED, Carnevale JA, Tosi U, Godfrey KJ, Schwartz TH. Lateral transorbital endoscope-assisted approach to the cavernous sinus. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2023;25(4):359\u2013364."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"707","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study","volume":"160","author":"Di Somma A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Di Somma A, Andaluz N, Cavallo LM,  Endoscopic transorbital route to the petrous apex: a feasibility anatomic study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(4):707\u2013720."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"1042655","article-title":"Editorial. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for skull base tumors","volume":"12","author":"Kong DS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong DS, Moe KS. Editorial. Endoscopic transorbital surgery for skull base tumors. Front Oncol. 2022;12:1042655."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"431","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches to petrous apex lesions","volume":"136","author":"Lee WJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee WJ, Hong SD, Woo KI,  Endoscopic endonasal and transorbital approaches to petrous apex lesions. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(2):431\u2013440."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1948","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital approach to the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: a cadaveric study","volume":"133","author":"Gerges MM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gerges MM, Godil SS, Younus I, Rezk M, Schwartz TH. Endoscopic transorbital approach to the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: a cadaveric study. J Neurosurg. 2019;133(6):1948\u20131959."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1491","article-title":"Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors","volume":"122","author":"Lee MH","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee MH, Hong SD, Woo KI,  Endoscopic endonasal versus transorbital surgery for middle cranial fossa tumors: comparison of clinical outcomes based on surgical corridors. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:e1491\u2013e1504."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1472","article-title":"Optimal indications and limitations of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid surgery for spheno-orbital meningiomas","volume":"134","author":"Kong DS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim YH, Hong CK. Optimal indications and limitations of endoscopic transorbital superior eyelid surgery for spheno-orbital meningiomas. J Neurosurg. 2020;134(5):1472\u20131479."},{"issue":"2","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"467","article-title":"Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005)","volume":"133","author":"Park HH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Park HH, Hong SD, Kim YH,  Endoscopic transorbital and endonasal approach for trigeminal schwannomas: a retrospective multicenter analysis (KOSEN-005). J Neurosurg. 2020;133(2):467\u2013476."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"12","article-title":"The supraorbital eyebrow approach in children: clinical outcomes, cosmetic results, and complications","volume":"15","author":"Dlouhy BJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dlouhy BJ, Chae MP, Teo C. The supraorbital eyebrow approach in children: clinical outcomes, cosmetic results, and complications. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2015;15(1):12\u201319."},{"issue":"10","key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1893","article-title":"Transorbital endoscopic approach for exposure of the sylvian fissure, middle cerebral artery and crural cistern: an anatomical study","volume":"159","author":"Almeida JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Almeida JP, Ruiz-Trevi\u00f1o AS, Shetty SR, Omay SB, Anand VK, Schwartz TH. Transorbital endoscopic approach for exposure of the sylvian fissure, middle cerebral artery and crural cistern: an anatomical study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(10):1893\u20131907."},{"issue":"6","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1653","article-title":"Indications and outcomes of endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma based on tumor classification: a multicenter study with 50 cases","volume":"138","author":"Kong DS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kong DS, Kim YH, Lee WJ, Kim YH, Hong CK. Indications and outcomes of endoscopic transorbital surgery for trigeminal schwannoma based on tumor classification: a multicenter study with 50 cases. J Neurosurg. 2022;138(6):1653\u20131661."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"699","article-title":"Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program","volume":"117","author":"Snyderman C","year":"2007","unstructured":"Snyderman C, Kassam A, Carrau R, Mintz A, Gardner P, Prevedello DM. Acquisition of surgical skills for endonasal skull base surgery: a training program. Laryngoscope. 2007;117(4):699\u2013705."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/4\/article-pE12.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/4\/article-pE12.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/4\/article-pE12.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:49:58Z","timestamp":1780130998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/4\/article-pE12.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.1.focus23858","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}}}