{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T05:23:12Z","timestamp":1732684992303,"version":"3.28.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The anatomy and function of the brainstem have fascinated scientists for centuries; however, the brainstem remains one of the least studied regions of the human brain. As the authors delved into studying this structure, they observed a growing tendency to forget or neglect previously identified structures. The aim of this study was to describe two such structures: the transverse peduncular tract, also known as the Gudden tract, and the taenia pontis. The authors analyzed the potential effects of neglecting these structures during brainstem surgery and the implications for clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After removal of the arachnoid and vascular structures, 20 human brainstem specimens were frozen and stored at \u221216\u00b0C for 2 weeks, according to the method described by Klingler. The specimens were then thawed and dissected with microsurgical techniques. The results of microsurgical fiber dissection at each step were photographed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study revealed two previously neglected or forgotten structures within the brainstem. The first is the transverse peduncular tract of Gudden, which arises from the brachium of the superior colliculus. This tract follows an arcuate course along the lateral and ventral surfaces of the midbrain, perpendicular to the cerebral peduncle, and terminates in the nuclei of the transverse peduncular tract within the interpeduncular fossa. The second structure is the taenia pontis, which originates contralaterally in the interpeduncular fossa. It becomes visible at the level of the pontomesencephalic sulcus and extends to the base of the lateral mesencephalic sulcus, where it divides into several thin bundles. Along the interpeduncular sulcus, between the superior and middle cerebellar peduncles, it reaches the parabrachial recess and enters the cerebellum.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Recently, with increasing understanding and expertise in brainstem research, surgical approaches to this area have become more common, emphasizing the importance of a detailed knowledge of the brainstem. The two structures mentioned in this paper are described in history books and were widely studied in the 19th century but have not been mentioned in modern literature. The authors propose that a deeper understanding of these structures may prove valuable in neurosurgical practice and help reduce patient comorbidity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.jns232027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,9]],"date-time":"2024-03-09T01:37:58Z","timestamp":1709948278000},"page":"529-539","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neglected tracts of the brainstem: transverse peduncular tract of Gudden and taenia pontis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Serdar","family":"Rahmanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abuzer","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beste","family":"Gulsuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;"},{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberth Patricio","family":"Munoz-Gualan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U\u011fur","family":"T\u00fcre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Neuroanat","first-page":"627656","article-title":"A topographic atlas of the human brainstem in the ponto-mesencephalic junction plane","volume":"15","author":"Coulombe V","year":"2021","unstructured":"Coulombe V, Saikali S, Goetz L,  A topographic atlas of the human brainstem in the ponto-mesencephalic junction plane. Front Neuroanat. 2021;15:627656."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"241","article-title":"The medial and lateral lemnisci: anatomically adjoined but functionally distinct fiber tracts","volume":"99","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mena R","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez-Mena R, T\u00fcre U. The medial and lateral lemnisci: anatomically adjoined but functionally distinct fiber tracts. World Neurosurg. 2017;99:241\u2013250."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1377","article-title":"Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of the brainstem in 3D images: surgical considerations","volume":"124","author":"P\u00e1rraga RG","year":"2016","unstructured":"P\u00e1rraga RG, Possatti LL, Alves RV, Ribas GC, T\u00fcre U, de Oliveira E. Microsurgical anatomy and internal architecture of the brainstem in 3D images: surgical considerations. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(5):1377\u20131395."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Front Pain Res (Lausanne)","first-page":"840328","article-title":"Brainstem diffusion tensor tractography and clinical applications in pain","volume":"3","author":"Zhang Y","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Furst AJ. Brainstem diffusion tensor tractography and clinical applications in pain. Front Pain Res (Lausanne). 2022;3:840328."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E118","article-title":"Fiber microdissection technique for demonstrating the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar peduncles","volume":"20","author":"Pruthi N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pruthi N, Kadri PAS, T\u00fcre U. Fiber microdissection technique for demonstrating the deep cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar peduncles. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2021;20(2):E118\u2013E125."},{"key":"b6","article-title":"Anatomie Des Centres Nerveux","author":"D\u00e9jerine JJ","year":"1895","unstructured":"D\u00e9jerine JJ. Anatomie Des Centres Nerveux. Vol 1. Rueff; 1895."},{"key":"b7","article-title":"Gray\u2019s Anatomy Descriptive and Applied","author":"Gray H","year":"1910","unstructured":"Gray H Spitzka EA, eds.  Gray\u2019s Anatomy Descriptive and Applied. 18th ed. Lea & Febiger; 1910."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"28","article-title":"Note on the t\u00e6niua pontis","volume":"29","author":"Horsley V","year":"1906","unstructured":"Horsley V. Note on the t\u00e6niua pontis. Brain. 1906;29(1):28\u201334."},{"key":"b9","article-title":"An Atlas of Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem and Spinal Cord","author":"Riley HA","year":"1943","unstructured":"Riley HA. An Atlas of Basal Ganglia, Brain Stem and Spinal Cord. Williams & Wilkins; 1943."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Elsevier Health Sciences;","article-title":"Gray\u2019s Clinical Neuroanatomy: The Anatomic Basis for Clinical Neuroscience","author":"Mancall EL","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mancall EL, Brock DG. Gray\u2019s Clinical Neuroanatomy: The Anatomic Basis for Clinical Neuroscience. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011."},{"key":"b11","article-title":"The Human Central Nervous System: A Synopsis and Atlas","author":"Nieuwenhuys R","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nieuwenhuys R, Voogd J, Huijzen C. The Human Central Nervous System: A Synopsis and Atlas. Springer; 2008."},{"key":"b12","article-title":"Trait\u00e9 d\u2019Anatomie Humaine","author":"Testut L","year":"1911","unstructured":"Testut L. Trait\u00e9 d\u2019Anatomie Humaine. 6th ed. Octave Doin; 1911."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"Article in German. Acta Anat (Basel)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Neuro-anatomic studies of medullo-pontine tractotomies for the relief of pain","volume":"11","author":"Henschen C","year":"1950","unstructured":"Henschen C, Klingler J. Neuro-anatomic studies of medullo-pontine tractotomies for the relief of pain. Article in German. Acta Anat (Basel). 1950;11(1):19\u201349."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"The Human Nervous System","first-page":"471","article-title":"Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei","author":"Voogd J","year":"2012","unstructured":"Voogd J, Ruigrok TJH. Cerebellum and precerebellar nuclei. In: Mai JK, Paxinos G, eds. The Human Nervous System. 3rd ed. Academic Press; 2012:471\u2013545."},{"article-title":"Olszewski and Baxter\u2019s Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem S","year":"2013","key":"b15","unstructured":"B\u00fcttner-Ennever JA, Horn AKE, eds.  Olszewski and Baxter\u2019s Cytoarchitecture of the Human Brainstem S. Karger AG;  2013."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr","first-page":"247","article-title":"Erleichterung der makroskopischen Praeparation des Gehirns durch den Gefrierprozess","volume":"36","author":"Klingler J","year":"1935","unstructured":"Klingler J. Erleichterung der makroskopischen Praeparation des Gehirns durch den Gefrierprozess. Schweiz Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1935;36:247\u2013256."},{"issue":"8","key":"b17","series-title":"Arch Ophthalmol","first-page":"1055","article-title":"The accessory optic system: the fugitive visual control system in infantile strabismus","volume":"130","author":"Brodsky MC","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brodsky MC. The accessory optic system: the fugitive visual control system in infantile strabismus. Arch Ophthalmol. 2012;130(8):1055\u20131058."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Prog Brain Res","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(05)51013-6","article-title":"The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function","volume":"151","author":"Giolli RA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Giolli RA, Blanks RHI, Lui F. The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function. Prog Brain Res. 2006;151:407\u2013440."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"J Comp Neurol","first-page":"653","article-title":"The accessory optic system in the marsupial phalanger, Trichosurus vulpecula. An experimental degeneration study","volume":"126","author":"Hayhow WR","year":"1966","unstructured":"Hayhow WR. The accessory optic system in the marsupial phalanger, Trichosurus vulpecula. An experimental degeneration study. J Comp Neurol. 1966;126(4):653\u2013672."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Brain Behav Evol","first-page":"91","article-title":"Accessory optic system and pretectum of birds: comparisons with those of other vertebrates","volume":"26","author":"McKenna OC","year":"1985","unstructured":"McKenna OC, Wallman J. Accessory optic system and pretectum of birds: comparisons with those of other vertebrates. Brain Behav Evol. 1985;26(2):91\u2013116."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci","first-page":"13","article-title":"The accessory optic system","volume":"7","author":"Simpson JI","year":"1984","unstructured":"Simpson JI. The accessory optic system. Annu Rev Neurosci. 1984;7:13\u201341."},{"issue":"3","key":"b22","series-title":"J Hirnforsch","first-page":"213","article-title":"The accessory optic system and the retino-hypothalamic system. A review","volume":"19","author":"Mai JK","year":"1978","unstructured":"Mai JK. The accessory optic system and the retino-hypothalamic system. A review. J Hirnforsch. 1978;19(3):213\u2013288."},{"key":"b23","article-title":"Die Leitungsbahnen im Gehirn und R\u00fcckenmark; ein Handbuch f\u00fcr das Studium des Nervensystems","author":"Bechterew V","year":"1894","unstructured":"Bechterew V. Die Leitungsbahnen im Gehirn und R\u00fcckenmark; ein Handbuch f\u00fcr das Studium des Nervensystems. Eduard Besold; 1894."},{"key":"b24","series-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr","first-page":"364","article-title":"Ueber einen bisher nicht eschriebenen Nervenfasernstrang im Gehirne der Sa\u00fcgethiere und des Menschen","volume":"2","author":"Gudden B","year":"1870","unstructured":"Gudden B. Ueber einen bisher nicht eschriebenen Nervenfasernstrang im Gehirne der Sa\u00fcgethiere und des Menschen. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1870;2:364\u2013366."},{"issue":"415","key":"b25","series-title":"Arch Pychiat","first-page":"423","article-title":"Ueber den tractus peduncularis transversus","volume":"11","author":"Gudden B","year":"1881","unstructured":"Gudden B. Ueber den tractus peduncularis transversus. Arch Pychiat. 1881;11(415):423."},{"issue":"6","key":"b26","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3001","article-title":"The brainstem and its neurosurgical history","volume":"44","author":"Cucu AI","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cucu AI, Turliuc S, Costea CF,  The brainstem and its neurosurgical history. Neurosurg Rev. 2021;44(6):3001\u20133022."},{"key":"b27","article-title":"Surgery of the Brainstem","author":"Spetzler RF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Spetzler RF, Kalani MYS, Lawton MT. Surgery of the Brainstem. Thieme; 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"b28","series-title":"J Neurophysiol","first-page":"254","article-title":"Parallel processing of internal and external feedback in the spinocerebellar system of primates","volume":"118","author":"Cohen O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cohen O, Harel R, Aumann TD, Israel Z, Prut Y. Parallel processing of internal and external feedback in the spinocerebellar system of primates. J Neurophysiol. 2017;118(1):254\u2013266."},{"issue":"4","key":"b29","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"585","article-title":"Costanzo Varolio (1543\u20131575), who named the \"pons.\"","volume":"34","author":"Bah\u015fi \u0130","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bah\u015fi \u0130, Orhan M, Kervanc\u0131o\u011flu P, Bah\u015fi A. Costanzo Varolio (1543\u20131575), who named the \"pons.\"Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(4):585\u2013588."},{"article-title":"Anatomiae, Sive de Resolutione Corporis Humani Ad Caesarem Mediovillanum Libri IIII","year":"1591","key":"b30","unstructured":"Varolio C, Aicardi P, eds.  Anatomiae, Sive de Resolutione Corporis Humani Ad Caesarem Mediovillanum Libri IIII. Johann Wec; 1591."},{"key":"b31","article-title":"Anatomie Des Centres Nerveux","author":"D\u00e9jerine JJ","year":"1901","unstructured":"D\u00e9jerine JJ, Dejerine-Klumpke A. Anatomie Des Centres Nerveux. Rueff; 1901."},{"key":"b32","article-title":"Duvernoy\u2019s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-Field MRI, Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy","author":"Naidich T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naidich T, Duvernoy H, Delman B,  Duvernoy\u2019s Atlas of the Human Brain Stem and Cerebellum: High-Field MRI, Surface Anatomy, Internal Structure, Vascularization and 3D Sectional Anatomy. Springer; 2009."},{"article-title":"Anatomie et physiologie du syst\u00e8me nerveux en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et du cerveau en particulier, avec des observations sur la possibilit\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre plusieurs dispositions intellectuelles et morales de l\u2019homme et des animaux par la configuration de leurs t\u00eates","author":"Gall FJ","key":"b33","unstructured":"Gall FJ, Spurzheim G. Anatomie et physiologie du syst\u00e8me nerveux en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et du cerveau en particulier, avec des observations sur la possibilit\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre plusieurs dispositions intellectuelles et morales de l\u2019homme et des animaux par la configuration de leurs t\u00eates. F. Schoell; 1810."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b34","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"116","article-title":"The human accessory optic system","volume":"454","author":"Fredericks CA","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fredericks CA, Giolli RA, Blanks RHI, Sadun AA. The human accessory optic system. Brain Res. 1988;454(1-2):116\u2013122."},{"key":"b35","series-title":"Atti dell\u2019 Accademia delle scienze di Torino","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recherches anatomiques sur la moelle allong\u00e9e","volume":"29","author":"Rolando L","year":"1825","unstructured":"Rolando L. Recherches anatomiques sur la moelle allong\u00e9e. Atti dell\u2019 Accademia delle scienze di Torino. 1825;29:1\u201378."},{"key":"b36","article-title":"Nevro-encefalotomia","author":"Malacarne V","year":"1791","unstructured":"Malacarne V. Nevro-encefalotomia. Pavia; 1791."},{"key":"b37","article-title":"Tafel IV. Tabulae Anatomicae","author":"Arnold F","year":"1838","unstructured":"Arnold F. Tafel IV. Tabulae Anatomicae. Impensis Orelii; 1838."},{"key":"b38","article-title":"Handbuch der Systematischen Anatomie des Menschen","author":"Henle J","year":"1871","unstructured":"Henle J. Handbuch der Systematischen Anatomie des Menschen. Friedrich Vieweg; 1871."},{"key":"b39","article-title":"Das Menschenhirn: Studien in Der Makroskopischen Morphologie","author":"Retzius G","year":"1896","unstructured":"Retzius G. Das Menschenhirn: Studien in Der Makroskopischen Morphologie. K\u00f6niglich Buchdruckerei; 1896."},{"issue":"3","key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"721","article-title":"Analysis of safe entry zones into the brainstem","volume":"42","author":"Yang Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Y, van Niftrik B, Ma X,  Analysis of safe entry zones into the brainstem. Neurosurg Rev. 2019;42(3):721\u2013729."},{"issue":"1","key":"b41","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus Video","first-page":"V15","article-title":"Pontine cavernous malformation: microsurgery evading the floor of the fourth ventricle","volume":"1","author":"Kele\u015f A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kele\u015f A, Harput MV, T\u00fcre U. Pontine cavernous malformation: microsurgery evading the floor of the fourth ventricle. Neurosurg Focus Video. 2019;1(1):V15."},{"issue":"2","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"458","article-title":"Microneurosurgical removal of thalamic lesions: surgical results and considerations from a large, single-surgeon consecutive series","volume":"135","author":"Serra C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Serra C, T\u00fcre H, Yalt\u0131r\u0131k CK, Harput MV, T\u00fcre U. Microneurosurgical removal of thalamic lesions: surgical results and considerations from a large, single-surgeon consecutive series. J Neurosurg. 2020;135(2):458\u2013468."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/141\/2\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/141\/2\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/141\/2\/article-p529.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T11:44:56Z","timestamp":1732621496000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/141\/2\/article-p529.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.1.jns232027","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0022-3085"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1933-0693"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}