{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T02:12:50Z","timestamp":1793239970951,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the incidence and predisposing factors of heterotopic ossification (HO) after cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA) with a specific implant at 1 and 2 levels, and to investigate the biomechanical effects related to HO. The study goal was to identify ways to reduce the likelihood of HO formation after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study included patients who underwent only 1- or 2-level CDA with the Baguera C disc between November 2014 and December 2021 at a single medical center. All patients were operated on by the same neurosurgeon. The surgical indication included 1-level or 2-level disc herniation between C3 and C7 with radiculopathy, myelopathy, or both, with minimal spondylosis. The various factors were assessed by evaluating plain radiographs and cervical CT scans. The presence of HO was evaluated at different intervals postsurgery, and HO severity was graded using the McAfee classification.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Of 107 patients who underwent CDA, 47 (43.9%) had HO at 63 of 171 levels (36.8%). Most cases with HO were grade 1, and no grade 4 was observed. Statistically significant risk factors for HO were the length of endplate coverage ratio and inferior anterior residual exposed endplate (AREE); sex, age, implant height and width, shell angle, and pre- and postoperative functional spinal unit (FSU) angle were not significant. More AREE and greater kyphotic postoperative FSU angle in the flexion position were significant factors differentiating HO grades 0 and 1 from grades 2 and 3. Furthermore, the non-HO group showed a trend of higher range of motion at any postoperative time compared to the HO group, especially at 1 month after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The HO incidence after CDA was correlated with the residual length of endplate coverage and inferior AREE. Additionally, the AREE and kyphotic postoperative FSU angle in the flexion position were associated with HO grade progression. Patients with HO also showed a trend of lower range of motion at 1 month after surgery. Using an adequately sized implant and encouraging neck motion may help prevent HO development and progression.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.1.spine23744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,23]],"date-time":"2024-03-23T02:00:37Z","timestamp":1711159237000},"page":"773-781","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence and risk factors of heterotopic ossification after cervical Baguera C disc arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Kai-Chen","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Wei","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Hsien","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Radiology and"},{"name":"Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsi-Kai","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Houlong, Miaoli County, Taiwan;"},{"name":"College of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chung-Yuh","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Houlong, Miaoli County, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Orthopaedics, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Foods on Health Applications, Da-Yeh University, Changhua County, Taiwan; and"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Hsien","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;"},{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruei-Hong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Neurosurgery Division, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tse-Yu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"229","article-title":"Anterior cervical plating enhances arthrodesis after discectomy and fusion with cortical allograft","volume":"50","author":"Kaiser MG","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kaiser MG, Haid RW Jr, Subach BR, Barnes B, Rodts GE Jr. Anterior cervical plating enhances arthrodesis after discectomy and fusion with cortical allograft. 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Eur Spine J. 2013;22(4):759\u2013765."},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Med Sci Monit","first-page":"e929890","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification after Prestige-LP cervical disc arthroplasty is related to insufficient sagittal coverage of the endplate by the prosthesis","volume":"27","author":"Xu S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xu S, Ou Y, Du X, He B, Li Y, Yu H. Heterotopic ossification after Prestige-LP cervical disc arthroplasty is related to insufficient sagittal coverage of the endplate by the prosthesis. Med Sci Monit. 2021;27:e929890."},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Asian Spine J","first-page":"127","article-title":"Cervical total disc replacement and heterotopic ossification: a review of literature outcomes and biomechanics","volume":"15","author":"Hui N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hui N, Phan K, Kerferd J, Lee M, Mobbs RJ. Cervical total disc replacement and heterotopic ossification: a review of literature outcomes and biomechanics. Asian Spine J. 2021;15(1):127\u2013137."},{"issue":"1","key":"b35","series-title":"J Orthop Surg Res","first-page":"693","article-title":"Effects of endplate coverage and intervertebral height change on heterotopic ossification following cervical disc replacement","volume":"16","author":"Shen YW","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shen YW, Yang Y, Liu H,  Effects of endplate coverage and intervertebral height change on heterotopic ossification following cervical disc replacement. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021;16(1):693."},{"issue":"6","key":"b36","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E241","article-title":"The effect of footprint mismatch on heterotopic ossification after cervical disk replacement","volume":"33","author":"Guo Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Q, Fang Z, Guan H, Xiong W, Li F. The effect of footprint mismatch on heterotopic ossification after cervical disk replacement. Clin Spine Surg. 2020;33(6):E241\u2013E250."},{"key":"b37","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e407","article-title":"Is anterior bone loss the opposite of anterior heterotopic ossification in Prestige-LP cervical disc replacement?","volume":"136","author":"Wang X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang X, Meng Y, Liu H, Hong Y, Wang B. Is anterior bone loss the opposite of anterior heterotopic ossification in Prestige-LP cervical disc replacement? World Neurosurg. 2020;136:e407\u2013e418."},{"issue":"10","key":"b38","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"2359","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification is related to change in disc space angle after Prestige-LP cervical disc arthroplasty","volume":"28","author":"Hu L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu L, Zhang J, Liu H,  Heterotopic ossification is related to change in disc space angle after Prestige-LP cervical disc arthroplasty. Eur Spine J. 2019;28(10):2359\u20132370."},{"issue":"2","key":"b39","series-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)","first-page":"226","article-title":"Osteophytes in the cervical vertebral bodies (C3\u2013C7)\u2014demographical perspectives","volume":"302","author":"Ezra D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ezra D, Hershkovitz I, Salame K, Alperovitch-Najenson D, Slon V. Osteophytes in the cervical vertebral bodies (C3\u2013C7)\u2014demographical perspectives. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2019;302(2):226\u2013231."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/40\/6\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/40\/6\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/40\/6\/article-p773.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:18:29Z","timestamp":1733491109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/40\/6\/article-p773.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.1.spine23744","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]]}}}