{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T11:15:54Z","timestamp":1793272554574,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Giant pituitary adenomas (GPAs) are challenging skull base tumors due to their size and proximity to critical neurovascular structures. Achieving gross-total resection (GTR) can be difficult, and residual tumor burden is commonly reported. This study evaluated the ability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to predict the extent of resection (EOR) from preoperative MRI with the goals of enhancing surgical planning, improving preoperative patient counseling, and enhancing multidisciplinary postoperative coordination of care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study of 100 consecutive patients with GPAs was conducted. Patients underwent surgery via the endoscopic endonasal transsphenoidal approach. CNN models were trained on DICOM images from preoperative MR images to predict EOR, using a split of 80 patients for training and 20 for validation. The models included different architectural modules to refine image selection and predict EOR based on tumor-contained images in various anatomical planes. The model design, training, and validation were conducted in a local environment in Python using the TensorFlow machine learning system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The median preoperative tumor volume was 19.4 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      . The median EOR was 94.5%, with GTR achieved in 49% of cases. The CNN model showed high predictive accuracy, especially when analyzing images from the coronal plane, with a root mean square error of 2.9916 and a mean absolute error of 2.6225. The coefficient of determination (R\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) was 0.9823, indicating excellent model performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CNN-based models may effectively predict the EOR for GPAs from preoperative MRI scans, offering a promising tool for presurgical assessment and patient counseling. Confirmatory studies with large patient samples are needed to definitively validate these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.10.jns241527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T20:33:28Z","timestamp":1740170008000},"page":"174-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regression modeling with convolutional neural network for predicting extent of resection from preoperative MRI in giant pituitary adenomas: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Biren Khimji","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Tariciotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Milan, Italy; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"DiRocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Roma \"La Sapienza,\" Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Mandile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistical Sciences, Universit\u00e0 di Roma \"La Sapienza,\" Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Lohana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Rodas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef M.","family":"Zohdy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia M.","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erion Jr.","family":"De Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Revuelta Barbero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilo","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Arturo","family":"Solares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomas","family":"Garzon-Muvdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Pradilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Endocr Metab Disord","first-page":"177","article-title":"The hallmarks of cancer\u2026 in pituitary tumors?","volume":"24","author":"Marrero-Rodr\u00edguez D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Marrero-Rodr\u00edguez D, Taniguchi-Ponciano K, Kerbel J,  The hallmarks of cancer\u2026 in pituitary tumors? 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