{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T13:27:52Z","timestamp":1778333272547,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined sagittal and unilateral coronal synostosis is an uncommon multisuture synostosis. The objective of this study was to describe patient demographics, characterize craniofacial morphology, and report surgical outcomes for patients with combined sagittal and unilateral coronal synostosis undergoing surgical repair.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective cohort study performed as a joint effort between two US pediatric tertiary care institutions. Between 2003 and 2021, 10 patients with combined sagittal and unilateral coronal synostosis who underwent surgical repair were identified. Open repair involved fronto-orbital advancement and calvarial remodeling. Endoscopic repair involved endoscopy-assisted strip craniectomy of fused sutures with subsequent helmet therapy until 12 months of age. Craniofacial morphology was characterized from CT scans with parameters including the cephalic index (CI), orbital index (OI) asymmetry, nasal tip deviation, chin deviation, and anterior cranial fossa area ratio (ACFR). All patients had preoperative CT scans, and postoperative CT scans were analyzed when performed. Demographics, operative details, and complications were obtained via chart review.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients were predominantly male (70%) with fusion of left coronal suture (80%). Four patients (40%) underwent open repair, and 6 patients (60%) underwent endoscopic repair. The median operation length was 87 minutes for endoscopic repair and 226 minutes for open repair. Two endoscopic patients (33%) and 2 open patients (50%) required blood transfusion. Four patients (3 endoscopic, 1 open) underwent secondary operations.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Preoperatively (n = 10), patients had a median CI of 0.75, with OI asymmetry (median \u221235%), nasal tip (median 6.9\u00b0) and chin deviation (median 9.5\u00b0) contralateral to the involved coronal suture, and cranial base asymmetry (median ACFR 0.63). Postoperatively (n = 6), patients had improved CI (median CI 0.81), OI asymmetry (median \u221222%), chin deviation (median 5.1\u00b0), and cranial base asymmetry (median ACFR 0.75) but slightly worse nasal tip deviation (median 8.5\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Combined sagittal and unilateral coronal synostosis resembles its isolated component phenotypes. Open and endoscopic repairs are safe. Morphological parameters trended toward improvement postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.10.peds24245","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,14]],"date-time":"2025-02-14T21:31:43Z","timestamp":1739568703000},"page":"442-448","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Morphology and outcomes in combined sagittal and unilateral coronal synostosis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Damini","family":"Tandon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jackson S.","family":"Burton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madeline","family":"Karsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary B.","family":"Skolnick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sybill D.","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Proctor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew D.","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins All Children\u2019s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamlesh B.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"853","article-title":"Phenotypically unusual combined craniosynostoses: presentation and management","volume":"122","author":"Greene AK","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greene AK, Mulliken JB, Proctor MR, Meara JG, Rogers GF. Phenotypically unusual combined craniosynostoses: presentation and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122(3):853\u2013862."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients","volume":"100","author":"Sloan GM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sloan GM, Wells KC, Raffel C, McComb JG. Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients. Pediatrics. 1997;100(1):E2."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis","volume":"86","author":"Chumas PD","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chumas PD, Cinalli G, Arnaud E, Marchac D, Renier D. Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(2):177\u2013181."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"955","article-title":"Complex craniosynostosis","volume":"128","author":"Czerwinski M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Czerwinski M, Kolar JC, Fearon JA. Complex craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128(4):955\u2013961."},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and revisiting the risk factors","volume":"23","author":"Lee HQ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HQ, Hutson JM, Wray AC,  Changing epidemiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and revisiting the risk factors. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(5):1245\u20131251."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"881","article-title":"Multicentre approach to epidemiological aspects of craniosynostosis in Germany","volume":"56","author":"Neusel C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neusel C, Class D, Eckert AW,  Multicentre approach to epidemiological aspects of craniosynostosis in Germany. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56(9):881\u2013886."},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Identifying reproducible patterns of calvarial dysmorphology in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis may affect operative intervention and outcomes assessment","volume":"119","author":"Schmelzer RE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmelzer RE, Perlyn CA, Kane AA, Pilgram TK, Govier D, Marsh JL. Identifying reproducible patterns of calvarial dysmorphology in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis may affect operative intervention and outcomes assessment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(5):1546\u20131552."},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with unicoronal synostosis and mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3: a preliminary report","volume":"108","author":"Cassileth LB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cassileth LB, Bartlett SP, Glat PM,  Clinical characteristics of patients with unicoronal synostosis and mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3: a preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(7):1849\u20131854."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Bilateral orbital dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis","volume":"131","author":"Beckett JS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beckett JS, Persing JA, Steinbacher DM. Bilateral orbital dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131(1):125\u2013130."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"483","article-title":"Postoperative changes in orbital dysmorphology in patients with unicoronal synostosis","volume":"30","author":"Domeshek LF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domeshek LF, Woo A, Skolnick GB,  Postoperative changes in orbital dysmorphology in patients with unicoronal synostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(2):483\u2013488."},{"issue":"7","key":"b11","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1862","article-title":"The craniofacial anomalies archive at St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital: 20 years of craniofacial imaging experience","volume":"108","author":"Perlyn CA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perlyn CA, Marsh JL, Vannier MW,  The craniofacial anomalies archive at St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital: 20 years of craniofacial imaging experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(7):1862\u20131870."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"361","article-title":"Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery at a single institution","volume":"17","author":"Han RH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han RH, Nguyen DC, Bruck BS,  Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery at a single institution. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(3):361\u2013370."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"423","article-title":"The temporal region in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis: fronto-orbital advancement versus endoscopy-assisted strip craniectomy","volume":"55","author":"Masserano B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masserano B, Woo AS, Skolnick GB,  The temporal region in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis: fronto-orbital advancement versus endoscopy-assisted strip craniectomy. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018;55(3):423\u2013429."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med","first-page":"197","article-title":"Roentgenological skull measurements and their diagnostic applications","volume":"67","author":"Haas LL","year":"1952","unstructured":"Haas LL. Roentgenological skull measurements and their diagnostic applications. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1952;67(2):197\u2013209."},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Early frontofacial symmetry after correction of unilateral coronal synostosis: frontoorbital advancement vs endoscopic strip craniectomy and helmet therapy","volume":"24","author":"Tan SP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tan SP, Proctor MR, Mulliken JB, Rogers GF. Early frontofacial symmetry after correction of unilateral coronal synostosis: frontoorbital advancement vs endoscopic strip craniectomy and helmet therapy. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24(4):1190\u20131194."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"138","article-title":"An appraisal of the cephalic index in sagittal craniosynostosis, and the unseen third dimension","volume":"140","author":"Fearon JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fearon JA, Ditthakasem K, Herbert M, Kolar J. An appraisal of the cephalic index in sagittal craniosynostosis, and the unseen third dimension. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(1):138\u2013145."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"615","article-title":"Nasal soft-tissue and vault deviation in unicoronal synostosis","volume":"68","author":"Silveira Camargos I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silveira Camargos I, Metzler P, Persing J, Alcon A, Steinbacher DM. Nasal soft-tissue and vault deviation in unicoronal synostosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68(5):615\u2013621."},{"issue":"11","key":"b18","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Morphologic severity of craniosynostosis: implications for speech and neurodevelopment","volume":"58","author":"Tandon D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tandon D, Skolnick GB, Naidoo SD,  Morphologic severity of craniosynostosis: implications for speech and neurodevelopment. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2021;58(11):1361\u20131369."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"304","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis","volume":"29","author":"Sandhaus H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandhaus H, Johnson MD. Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;29(4):304\u2013313."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"920","article-title":"Spring-assisted surgery in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis","volume":"29","author":"Bevilacqua R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bevilacqua R, Tarnow P, K\u00f6lby L, Maltese G. Spring-assisted surgery in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(4):920\u2013924."},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"352","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 1: the sagittal suture","volume":"22","author":"Yan H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan H, Abel TJ, Alotaibi NM,  A systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 1: the sagittal suture. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(4):352\u2013360."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"361","article-title":"A systematic review of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 2: the nonsagittal single sutures","volume":"22","author":"Yan H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan H, Abel TJ, Alotaibi NM,  A systematic review of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 2: the nonsagittal single sutures. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(4):361\u2013368."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted versus open repair of craniosynostosis: a comparison of perioperative cost and risk","volume":"24","author":"Chan JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan JW, Stewart CL, Stalder MW, St. Hilaire, H, McBride L, Moses MH. Endoscope-assisted versus open repair of craniosynostosis: a comparison of perioperative cost and risk. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24(1):170\u2013174."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"832","article-title":"Outcomes after endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy and orthotic therapy for syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"151","author":"Chiang SN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiang SN, Skolnick GB, Naidoo SD, Smyth MD, Patel KB. Outcomes after endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy and orthotic therapy for syndromic craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023;151(4):832\u2013842."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"207","article-title":"Early treatment of coronal synostosis with endoscopy-assisted craniectomy and postoperative cranial orthosis therapy: 16-year experience","volume":"12","author":"Jimenez DF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jimenez DF, Barone CM. Early treatment of coronal synostosis with endoscopy-assisted craniectomy and postoperative cranial orthosis therapy: 16-year experience. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2013;12(3):207\u2013219."},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"853","article-title":"Phenotypically unusual combined craniosynostoses: presentation and management","volume":"122","author":"Greene AK","year":"2008","unstructured":"Greene AK, Mulliken JB, Proctor MR, Meara JG, Rogers GF. Phenotypically unusual combined craniosynostoses: presentation and management. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2008;122(3):853\u2013862."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"E2","article-title":"Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients","volume":"100","author":"Sloan GM","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sloan GM, Wells KC, Raffel C, McComb JG. Surgical treatment of craniosynostosis: outcome analysis of 250 consecutive patients. Pediatrics. 1997;100(1):E2."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"177","article-title":"Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis","volume":"86","author":"Chumas PD","year":"1997","unstructured":"Chumas PD, Cinalli G, Arnaud E, Marchac D, Renier D. Classification of previously unclassified cases of craniosynostosis. J Neurosurg. 1997;86(2):177\u2013181."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"955","article-title":"Complex craniosynostosis","volume":"128","author":"Czerwinski M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Czerwinski M, Kolar JC, Fearon JA. Complex craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128(4):955\u2013961."},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Changing epidemiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and revisiting the risk factors","volume":"23","author":"Lee HQ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee HQ, Hutson JM, Wray AC,  Changing epidemiology of nonsyndromic craniosynostosis and revisiting the risk factors. J Craniofac Surg. 2012;23(5):1245\u20131251."},{"issue":"9","key":"b6","series-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg","first-page":"881","article-title":"Multicentre approach to epidemiological aspects of craniosynostosis in Germany","volume":"56","author":"Neusel C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neusel C, Class D, Eckert AW,  Multicentre approach to epidemiological aspects of craniosynostosis in Germany. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2018;56(9):881\u2013886."},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1546","article-title":"Identifying reproducible patterns of calvarial dysmorphology in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis may affect operative intervention and outcomes assessment","volume":"119","author":"Schmelzer RE","year":"2007","unstructured":"Schmelzer RE, Perlyn CA, Kane AA, Pilgram TK, Govier D, Marsh JL. Identifying reproducible patterns of calvarial dysmorphology in nonsyndromic sagittal craniosynostosis may affect operative intervention and outcomes assessment. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;119(5):1546\u20131552."},{"issue":"7","key":"b8","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1849","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of patients with unicoronal synostosis and mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3: a preliminary report","volume":"108","author":"Cassileth LB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cassileth LB, Bartlett SP, Glat PM,  Clinical characteristics of patients with unicoronal synostosis and mutations of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3: a preliminary report. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(7):1849\u20131854."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"125","article-title":"Bilateral orbital dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis","volume":"131","author":"Beckett JS","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beckett JS, Persing JA, Steinbacher DM. Bilateral orbital dysmorphology in unicoronal synostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2013;131(1):125\u2013130."},{"issue":"2","key":"b10","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"483","article-title":"Postoperative changes in orbital dysmorphology in patients with unicoronal synostosis","volume":"30","author":"Domeshek LF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domeshek LF, Woo A, Skolnick GB,  Postoperative changes in orbital dysmorphology in patients with unicoronal synostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2019;30(2):483\u2013488."},{"issue":"7","key":"b11","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"1862","article-title":"The craniofacial anomalies archive at St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital: 20 years of craniofacial imaging experience","volume":"108","author":"Perlyn CA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Perlyn CA, Marsh JL, Vannier MW,  The craniofacial anomalies archive at St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital: 20 years of craniofacial imaging experience. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;108(7):1862\u20131870."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"361","article-title":"Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery at a single institution","volume":"17","author":"Han RH","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han RH, Nguyen DC, Bruck BS,  Characterization of complications associated with open and endoscopic craniosynostosis surgery at a single institution. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(3):361\u2013370."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"423","article-title":"The temporal region in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis: fronto-orbital advancement versus endoscopy-assisted strip craniectomy","volume":"55","author":"Masserano B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Masserano B, Woo AS, Skolnick GB,  The temporal region in unilateral coronal craniosynostosis: fronto-orbital advancement versus endoscopy-assisted strip craniectomy. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2018;55(3):423\u2013429."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med","first-page":"197","article-title":"Roentgenological skull measurements and their diagnostic applications","volume":"67","author":"Haas LL","year":"1952","unstructured":"Haas LL. Roentgenological skull measurements and their diagnostic applications. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1952;67(2):197\u2013209."},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Early frontofacial symmetry after correction of unilateral coronal synostosis: frontoorbital advancement vs endoscopic strip craniectomy and helmet therapy","volume":"24","author":"Tan SP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tan SP, Proctor MR, Mulliken JB, Rogers GF. Early frontofacial symmetry after correction of unilateral coronal synostosis: frontoorbital advancement vs endoscopic strip craniectomy and helmet therapy. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24(4):1190\u20131194."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"138","article-title":"An appraisal of the cephalic index in sagittal craniosynostosis, and the unseen third dimension","volume":"140","author":"Fearon JA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fearon JA, Ditthakasem K, Herbert M, Kolar J. An appraisal of the cephalic index in sagittal craniosynostosis, and the unseen third dimension. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;140(1):138\u2013145."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg","first-page":"615","article-title":"Nasal soft-tissue and vault deviation in unicoronal synostosis","volume":"68","author":"Silveira Camargos I","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silveira Camargos I, Metzler P, Persing J, Alcon A, Steinbacher DM. Nasal soft-tissue and vault deviation in unicoronal synostosis. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2015;68(5):615\u2013621."},{"issue":"11","key":"b18","series-title":"Cleft Palate Craniofac J","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Morphologic severity of craniosynostosis: implications for speech and neurodevelopment","volume":"58","author":"Tandon D","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tandon D, Skolnick GB, Naidoo SD,  Morphologic severity of craniosynostosis: implications for speech and neurodevelopment. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 2021;58(11):1361\u20131369."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"304","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis","volume":"29","author":"Sandhaus H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sandhaus H, Johnson MD. Distraction osteogenesis in craniosynostosis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2021;29(4):304\u2013313."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"920","article-title":"Spring-assisted surgery in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis","volume":"29","author":"Bevilacqua R","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bevilacqua R, Tarnow P, K\u00f6lby L, Maltese G. Spring-assisted surgery in the treatment of complex craniosynostosis. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(4):920\u2013924."},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"352","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 1: the sagittal suture","volume":"22","author":"Yan H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan H, Abel TJ, Alotaibi NM,  A systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 1: the sagittal suture. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(4):352\u2013360."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"361","article-title":"A systematic review of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 2: the nonsagittal single sutures","volume":"22","author":"Yan H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yan H, Abel TJ, Alotaibi NM,  A systematic review of endoscopic versus open treatment of craniosynostosis. Part 2: the nonsagittal single sutures. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;22(4):361\u2013368."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted versus open repair of craniosynostosis: a comparison of perioperative cost and risk","volume":"24","author":"Chan JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chan JW, Stewart CL, Stalder MW, St. Hilaire, H, McBride L, Moses MH. Endoscope-assisted versus open repair of craniosynostosis: a comparison of perioperative cost and risk. J Craniofac Surg. 2013;24(1):170\u2013174."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg","first-page":"832","article-title":"Outcomes after endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy and orthotic therapy for syndromic craniosynostosis","volume":"151","author":"Chiang SN","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chiang SN, Skolnick GB, Naidoo SD, Smyth MD, Patel KB. Outcomes after endoscopic-assisted strip craniectomy and orthotic therapy for syndromic craniosynostosis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2023;151(4):832\u2013842."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"207","article-title":"Early treatment of coronal synostosis with endoscopy-assisted craniectomy and postoperative cranial orthosis therapy: 16-year experience","volume":"12","author":"Jimenez DF","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jimenez DF, Barone CM. Early treatment of coronal synostosis with endoscopy-assisted craniectomy and postoperative cranial orthosis therapy: 16-year experience. 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