{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:11:53Z","timestamp":1772827913283,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Conditional survival incorporates the effect of time passed since an event to current data in an easy-to-understand, relevant format. Data from the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) registry were analyzed with conditional survival to improve patient and family counseling after hydrocephalus treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with hydrocephalus who underwent first-time treatment by a single proximal catheter ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) or endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) with or without choroid plexus cauterization with at least 3 years of follow-up in the prospective HCRN registry (14 sites, April 24, 2008\u2013December 31, 2020) were included. Those with nonperitoneal or multiple proximal catheters were excluded. The probability of failure-free survival at 3, 5, and 10 years was calculated as a function of time since surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall, 5782 patients were included (1609 with ETV, 4173 with VPS placement). The median time to censoring was 5.3 years. The overall respective 3-, 5-, and 10-year failure-free survival rates were 59%, 58%, and 57%, respectively, for ETV and 62%, 58%, and 54%, respectively, for VPS. If VPS failure had not occurred by 1 year postoperatively, the 3-, 5-, and 10-year failure-free survival rates were 85%, 79%, and 66%, respectively. If ETV failure had not occurred by 1 year, the 3-, 5-, and 10-year failure-free survival rates were 93%, 91%, and 86%, respectively. Conditional survival also varied by age and etiology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients who do not require revision surgery in the 1st year have an excellent chance of being revision free for an extended period. Conditional survival plots provided are intuitive and can be used in the counseling of North American patients with surgically treated hydrocephalus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.10.peds24454","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T21:32:51Z","timestamp":1738963971000},"page":"327-337","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Reimagining durability of hydrocephalus treatment using conditional survival"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Aaron M.","family":"Yengo-Kahn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"},{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Wellons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Monroe Carell Jr. Children\u2019s Hospital at Vanderbilt, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hailey","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhaya V.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason K.","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason S.","family":"Hauptman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seattle Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Phoenix Children\u2019s Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Isaacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric M.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick J.","family":"McDonald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael M.","family":"McDowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ian F.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ron","family":"Reeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Riva-Cambrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon G.","family":"Rocque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, Children\u2019s of Alabama, University of Alabama\u2013Birmingham, Alabama;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Strahle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, St. Louis Children\u2019s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mandeep S.","family":"Tamber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurosurgery, British Columbia Children\u2019s Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John R. W.","family":"Kestle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"2067","article-title":"Infantile and childhood hydrocephalus","volume":"387","author":"Whitehead WE","year":"2022","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Weiner HL. Infantile and childhood hydrocephalus. N Engl J Med. 2022;387(22):2067\u20132073."},{"issue":"10020","key":"b2","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"788","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in children","volume":"387","author":"Kahle KT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD Jr, Warf BC. Hydrocephalus in children. 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Hydrocephalus in children. Lancet. 2016;387(10020):788\u2013799."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Dewan MC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dewan MC, Rattani A, Mekary R,  Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2018;130(4):1065\u20131079."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"382","article-title":"Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Riva-Cambrin J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JRW, Holubkov R,  Risk factors for shunt malfunction in pediatric hydrocephalus: a multicenter prospective cohort study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2016;17(4):382\u2013390."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"310","article-title":"Predicting who will benefit from endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared with shunt insertion in childhood hydrocephalus using the ETV Success Score","volume":"6","author":"Kulkarni AV","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Drake JM, Kestle JRW, Mallucci CL, Sgouros S, Constantini S. Predicting who will benefit from endoscopic third ventriculostomy compared with shunt insertion in childhood hydrocephalus using the ETV Success Score. 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Conditional survival: a useful concept to provide information on how prognosis evolves over time. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(7):1530\u20131536."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"214","article-title":"Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in infant hydrocephalus: a prospective study by the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network","volume":"21","author":"Kulkarni AV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kulkarni AV, Riva-Cambrin J, Rozzelle CJ,  Endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in infant hydrocephalus: a prospective study by the Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2018;21(3):214\u2013223."},{"issue":"2","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"128","article-title":"Predictors of success for combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in a North American setting: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study","volume":"24","author":"Riva-Cambrin J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Riva-Cambrin J, Kestle JRW, Rozzelle CJ,  Predictors of success for combined endoscopic third ventriculostomy and choroid plexus cauterization in a North American setting: a Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network study. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2019;24(2):128\u2013138."},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"b14","series-title":"Pediatrics","first-page":"205","article-title":"Pediatric deaths attributable to complex chronic conditions: a population-based study of Washington State, 1980-1997","volume":"106","author":"Feudtner C","year":"2000","unstructured":"Feudtner C, Christakis DA, Connell FA. 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J Pediatr. 2009;155(2):254\u2013259.e1."},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"177","article-title":"Hydrocephalus surveillance following CSF diversion: a modified Delphi study","volume":"30","author":"Hersh DS","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hersh DS, Martin JE, Bristol RE,  Hydrocephalus surveillance following CSF diversion: a modified Delphi study. 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