{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:44:32Z","timestamp":1792010672208,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Persistent CSF leakage and symptomatic pseudomeningocele formation are a primary concern following intradural posterior fossa and spinal surgeries, with rates approaching 23.7% and 10%, respectively. These complications occur at a higher rate in cases in which a watertight primary closure cannot be attained. In such cases, various dural substitutes and sealants are at the surgeon\u2019s disposal and often require suturing a dural substitute to the existing dura. Herein, the authors describe a novel sutureless inlay-onlay fibrin-coated collagen fleece (TachoSil) \"sandwich\" closure technique for dural reconstruction and closure.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors retrospectively reviewed posterior fossa and intradural spinal cases performed by the senior author from January 1, 2021, to August 30, 2024, which used the described novel closure technique when primary closure without expansion could not be attained. Primary outcomes were rates of postoperative CSF leakage, symptomatic pseudomeningocele formation, CSF diversion, infection, and revision surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n A total of 13 patients (8 craniotomies, 2 craniectomies, and 3 spinal cases) were identified with a mean age of 61.3 \u00b1 14.0 years. Surgical indications included intra-axial and extra-axial tumors, acute cerebellar infarcts, an unruptured aneurysm, and a ruptured arteriovenous malformation. One patient (7.7%) who underwent emergency craniectomy for acute cerebellar infarct developed a postoperative CSF leak and symptomatic pseudomeningocele with suspicion of pseudotumor cerebri, ultimately requiring CSF diversion. There were no complications among patients receiving craniotomy or intradural spinal surgery. No postoperative infections or revision surgeries occurred.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The TachoSil sandwich technique represents an effective means of cranial and spinal dural reconstruction and closure in cases in which watertight primary dural closure cannot be achieved.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.11.focus24721","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T06:52:51Z","timestamp":1738392771000},"page":"E16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Fibrin-coated collagen fleece \"sandwich\" closure technique for cranial and spinal dural reconstruction and closure"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Dallas E.","family":"Kramer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Kaye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Sandoval-Consuegra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung W.","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cody","family":"Woodhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Spinal pseudomeningoceles and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas","volume":"15","author":"Couture D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Couture D, Branch CL Jr. Spinal pseudomeningoceles and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;15(6):E6."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"203","article-title":"Outcome predictors and complications in the management of intradural spinal tumours","volume":"15","author":"Jenkinson MD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jenkinson MD, Simpson C, Nicholas RS, Miles J, Findlay GFG, Pigott TJD. Outcome predictors and complications in the management of intradural spinal tumours. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(2):203\u2013210."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1094","article-title":"Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid fistula after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"164","author":"Sastry RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sastry RA, Walek K, Leary OP, Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid fistula after posterior fossa surgery. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e1094\u2013e1102."},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study","volume":"92","author":"Kinaci A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kinaci A, Slot EMH, Kollen M, Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(6):1177\u20131182."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"140","article-title":"Rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele formation after posterior fossa craniotomy versus craniectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alhantoobi MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhantoobi MR, Kesserwan MA, Khayat HA, Lawasi M, Sharma S. Rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele formation after posterior fossa craniotomy versus craniectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Neurol Int. 2023;14:140."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurospine","first-page":"783","article-title":"Predictors of cerebrospinal fluid leak following dural repair in spinal intradural surgery","volume":"20","author":"Jiang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang L, Budu A, Khan MS, Predictors of cerebrospinal fluid leak following dural repair in spinal intradural surgery. Neurospine. 2023;20(3):783\u2013789."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"298","article-title":"Incidence, management, and outcome of symptomatic postoperative posterior fossa pseudomeningocele: a retrospective single-institution experience","volume":"12","author":"Smith GA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith GA, Strohl MP, Manjila S, Miller JP. Incidence, management, and outcome of symptomatic postoperative posterior fossa pseudomeningocele: a retrospective single-institution experience. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2016;12(3):298\u2013304."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Munch Med Wochenschr","first-page":"1969","article-title":"Anatomische und physiologische Beobachtungen bei dem ersten Tausend R\u00fcckenmarksan\u00e4sthesien","volume":"54","author":"Kr\u00f6nig B","year":"1907","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6nig B, Gauss CJ. Anatomische und physiologische Beobachtungen bei dem ersten Tausend R\u00fcckenmarksan\u00e4sthesien. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1907;54:1969\u20131970."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Innov Neurosurg","first-page":"49","article-title":"CSF leaks after cranial surgery\u2014a prospective multicenter analysis","volume":"1","author":"Kehler U","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kehler U, Hirdes C, Weber C, CSF leaks after cranial surgery\u2014a prospective multicenter analysis. Innov Neurosurg. 2013;1(1):49\u201353."},{"issue":"10","key":"b10","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spine tumor resection: avoidance, recognition and management","volume":"7","author":"Barber SM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barber SM, Fridley JS, Konakondla S, Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spine tumor resection: avoidance, recognition and management. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(10):217."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024. Accessed December 16, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"256","article-title":"Sandwich technique using fibrin-coated collagen fleece for sellar reconstruction in large dural defects during transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"43","author":"So J","year":"2017","unstructured":"So J, Park H, Sung KS, Lee KS, Hong CK. Sandwich technique using fibrin-coated collagen fleece for sellar reconstruction in large dural defects during transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;43:256\u2013260."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"735","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Hutter G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutter G, von Felten S, Sailer MH, Schulz M, Mariani L. Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(3):735\u2013744."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"88","article-title":"Results of TachoSil\u00ae associated with fibrin glue as dural sealant in a series of patients with spinal intradural tumors surgery","volume":"61","author":"Montano N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montano N, Pignotti F, Auricchio AM, Fernandez E, Olivi A, Papacci F. Results of TachoSil\u00ae associated with fibrin glue as dural sealant in a series of patients with spinal intradural tumors surgery. Technical note with a review of the literature.J Clin Neurosci. 2019;61:88-92."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3779","article-title":"Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Carretta A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carretta A, Epskamp M, Ledermann L, Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(6):3779\u20133788."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Fibrin glue-coated collagen complex patch: a novel material for surgical repair of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak and encephalocele","volume":"44","author":"Symms JT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Symms JT, Dabecco R, Ballard D, Yu A, Chen D, Hillman T. Fibrin glue-coated collagen complex patch: a novel material for surgical repair of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak and encephalocele. Otol Neurotol. 2023;44(5):469\u2013477."},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"847","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"George B","year":"2017","unstructured":"George B, Matula C, Kihlstr\u00f6m L, Ferrer E, Tetens V. Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(6):847\u2013853."},{"issue":"1 suppl 1","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS182","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"63","author":"Than KD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Than KD, Baird CJ, Olivi A. Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery. Neurosurgery. 2008;63(1 suppl 1):ONS182\u2013ONS187."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"171","article-title":"Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel","volume":"5","author":"Schiariti M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiariti M, Acerbi F, Broggi M, Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5:171."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"890","article-title":"Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy","volume":"65","author":"Litvack ZN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Litvack ZN, West GA, Delashaw JB, Burchiel KJ, Anderson VC. Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(5):890\u2013897."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"52","article-title":"Evaluation of non-watertight dural reconstruction with collagen matrix onlay graft in posterior fossa surgery","volume":"59","author":"Kshettry VR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kshettry VR, Lobo B, Lim J, Sade B, Oya S, Lee JH. Evaluation of non-watertight dural reconstruction with collagen matrix onlay graft in posterior fossa surgery. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2016;59(1):52\u201357."},{"issue":"6","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Spinal pseudomeningoceles and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas","volume":"15","author":"Couture D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Couture D, Branch CL Jr. Spinal pseudomeningoceles and cerebrospinal fluid fistulas. Neurosurg Focus. 2003;15(6):E6."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"203","article-title":"Outcome predictors and complications in the management of intradural spinal tumours","volume":"15","author":"Jenkinson MD","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jenkinson MD, Simpson C, Nicholas RS, Miles J, Findlay GFG, Pigott TJD. Outcome predictors and complications in the management of intradural spinal tumours. Eur Spine J. 2006;15(2):203\u2013210."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e1094","article-title":"Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid fistula after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"164","author":"Sastry RA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sastry RA, Walek K, Leary OP, Incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of pseudomeningocele and cerebrospinal fluid fistula after posterior fossa surgery. World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e1094\u2013e1102."},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1177","article-title":"Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study","volume":"92","author":"Kinaci A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kinaci A, Slot EMH, Kollen M, Risk factors and management of incisional cerebrospinal fluid leakage after craniotomy: a retrospective international multicenter study. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(6):1177\u20131182."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"140","article-title":"Rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele formation after posterior fossa craniotomy versus craniectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Alhantoobi MR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alhantoobi MR, Kesserwan MA, Khayat HA, Lawasi M, Sharma S. Rates of cerebrospinal fluid leak and pseudomeningocele formation after posterior fossa craniotomy versus craniectomy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Neurol Int. 2023;14:140."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurospine","first-page":"783","article-title":"Predictors of cerebrospinal fluid leak following dural repair in spinal intradural surgery","volume":"20","author":"Jiang L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Jiang L, Budu A, Khan MS, Predictors of cerebrospinal fluid leak following dural repair in spinal intradural surgery. Neurospine. 2023;20(3):783\u2013789."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"298","article-title":"Incidence, management, and outcome of symptomatic postoperative posterior fossa pseudomeningocele: a retrospective single-institution experience","volume":"12","author":"Smith GA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Smith GA, Strohl MP, Manjila S, Miller JP. Incidence, management, and outcome of symptomatic postoperative posterior fossa pseudomeningocele: a retrospective single-institution experience. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2016;12(3):298\u2013304."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Munch Med Wochenschr","first-page":"1969","article-title":"Anatomische und physiologische Beobachtungen bei dem ersten Tausend R\u00fcckenmarksan\u00e4sthesien","volume":"54","author":"Kr\u00f6nig B","year":"1907","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6nig B, Gauss CJ. Anatomische und physiologische Beobachtungen bei dem ersten Tausend R\u00fcckenmarksan\u00e4sthesien. Munch Med Wochenschr. 1907;54:1969\u20131970."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Innov Neurosurg","first-page":"49","article-title":"CSF leaks after cranial surgery\u2014a prospective multicenter analysis","volume":"1","author":"Kehler U","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kehler U, Hirdes C, Weber C, CSF leaks after cranial surgery\u2014a prospective multicenter analysis. Innov Neurosurg. 2013;1(1):49\u201353."},{"issue":"10","key":"b10","series-title":"Ann Transl Med","first-page":"217","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spine tumor resection: avoidance, recognition and management","volume":"7","author":"Barber SM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barber SM, Fridley JS, Konakondla S, Cerebrospinal fluid leaks after spine tumor resection: avoidance, recognition and management. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7(10):217."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI)","year":"2024","unstructured":"Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2024. Accessed December 16, 2024. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nhsn\/pdfs\/pscmanual\/9pscssicurrent.pdf"},{"key":"b12","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"256","article-title":"Sandwich technique using fibrin-coated collagen fleece for sellar reconstruction in large dural defects during transsphenoidal surgery","volume":"43","author":"So J","year":"2017","unstructured":"So J, Park H, Sung KS, Lee KS, Hong CK. Sandwich technique using fibrin-coated collagen fleece for sellar reconstruction in large dural defects during transsphenoidal surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2017;43:256\u2013260."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"735","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Hutter G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutter G, von Felten S, Sailer MH, Schulz M, Mariani L. Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(3):735\u2013744."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"88","article-title":"Results of TachoSil\u00ae associated with fibrin glue as dural sealant in a series of patients with spinal intradural tumors surgery","volume":"61","author":"Montano N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Montano N, Pignotti F, Auricchio AM, Fernandez E, Olivi A, Papacci F. Results of TachoSil\u00ae associated with fibrin glue as dural sealant in a series of patients with spinal intradural tumors surgery. Technical note with a review of the literature.J Clin Neurosci. 2019;61:88-92."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3779","article-title":"Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Carretta A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carretta A, Epskamp M, Ledermann L, Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(6):3779\u20133788."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"469","article-title":"Fibrin glue-coated collagen complex patch: a novel material for surgical repair of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak and encephalocele","volume":"44","author":"Symms JT","year":"2023","unstructured":"Symms JT, Dabecco R, Ballard D, Yu A, Chen D, Hillman T. Fibrin glue-coated collagen complex patch: a novel material for surgical repair of spontaneous temporal bone cerebrospinal fluid leak and encephalocele. Otol Neurotol. 2023;44(5):469\u2013477."},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"847","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"George B","year":"2017","unstructured":"George B, Matula C, Kihlstr\u00f6m L, Ferrer E, Tetens V. Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(6):847\u2013853."},{"issue":"1 suppl 1","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONS182","article-title":"Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery","volume":"63","author":"Than KD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Than KD, Baird CJ, Olivi A. Polyethylene glycol hydrogel dural sealant may reduce incisional cerebrospinal fluid leak after posterior fossa surgery. Neurosurgery. 2008;63(1 suppl 1):ONS182\u2013ONS187."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"171","article-title":"Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel","volume":"5","author":"Schiariti M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiariti M, Acerbi F, Broggi M, Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5:171."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"890","article-title":"Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy","volume":"65","author":"Litvack ZN","year":"2009","unstructured":"Litvack ZN, West GA, Delashaw JB, Burchiel KJ, Anderson VC. Dural augmentation: part I-evaluation of collagen matrix allografts for dural defect after craniotomy. Neurosurgery. 2009;65(5):890\u2013897."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"52","article-title":"Evaluation of non-watertight dural reconstruction with collagen matrix onlay graft in posterior fossa surgery","volume":"59","author":"Kshettry VR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kshettry VR, Lobo B, Lim J, Sade B, Oya S, Lee JH. Evaluation of non-watertight dural reconstruction with collagen matrix onlay graft in posterior fossa surgery. 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