{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T19:58:28Z","timestamp":1772827108756,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Previous research suggests elective surgical procedures performed later in the week have worse outcomes. This study investigated whether the day of the week on which elective anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery was performed impacts clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using data from the Quality Outcomes Database, a nationwide, multicenter prospective registry, this study included patients undergoing elective ACDF for cervical spondylosis. Patients were categorized into groups based on the surgery day (early week, Monday and Tuesday; late week, Thursday and Friday). Analyzed outcomes included postoperative complications, readmissions, reoperations, and patient-reported outcomes. Statistical methods included the independent t-test, Pearson\u2019s chi-square test, and multivariable logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study analyzed 19,818 patients, with 41.7% undergoing surgery early in the week and 36.9% later. There were no significant differences in 30-day mortality, readmissions, or reoperations between the two groups. Early-week surgical procedures were associated with a higher incidence of postoperative dysphagia requiring nasogastric tubes (0.6% vs 0.3%, p = 0.02) and a higher incidence of vocal cord paralysis (0.5% vs 0.3%, p = 0.01). The data indicate a surgical selection bias with more complex surgical procedures and higher risk patients typically scheduled earlier in the week, which likely contributed to the increased rates of dysphagia. Conversely, patients who underwent operations on Fridays were more likely to be discharged on the same day compared to those earlier in the week (p = 0.02), without a significant difference in length of stay overall. Surgical procedures performed later in the week were more likely to be performed at ambulatory surgical centers rather than inpatient facilities (p &lt; 0.01), indicating a strategic selection of healthier patients for end-of-week procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The day of elective ACDF surgery does not affect mortality, readmissions, or reoperation rates. However, early-week surgical procedures may see slightly higher rates of postoperative dysphagia and vocal cord paralysis, likely due to the scheduling of more complex cases or higher risk patients during these days. Overall, the authors\u2019 data confirm that day of surgery does not influence overall patient recovery significantly. This information is useful for surgical planning and for providing patient reassurance that the day of the week does not significantly impact surgical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.11.spine24609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,22]],"date-time":"2025-03-22T11:03:47Z","timestamp":1742641427000},"page":"737-747","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of the day of the week on clinical outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Stephen M.","family":"Bergin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joshua","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Connor","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgos","family":"Michalopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Glassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oren N.","family":"Gottfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming G.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheerag D.","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Tumial\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan S.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew J.","family":"McGirt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khoi D.","family":"Than","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Spine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Health Serv Res","first-page":"5","article-title":"Factors associated with prolonged length of stay for elective hepatobiliary and neurosurgery patients: a retrospective medical record review","volume":"18","author":"Lee SY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SY, Lee SH, Tan JHH,  Factors associated with prolonged length of stay for elective hepatobiliary and neurosurgery patients: a retrospective medical record review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):5."},{"issue":"9","key":"b2","series-title":"J Knee Surg","first-page":"815","article-title":"Day of week and surgery location effects on stay length and cost for total joint arthroplasty: academic versus orthopaedic-specific hospital","volume":"31","author":"Martino J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martino J, Peterson B, Thompson S, Cook JL, Aggarwal A. Day of week and surgery location effects on stay length and cost for total joint arthroplasty: academic versus orthopaedic-specific hospital. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(9):815\u2013821."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"f2424","article-title":"Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics","volume":"346","author":"Aylin P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aylin P, Alexandrescu R, Jen MH, Mayer EK, Bottle A. Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics. BMJ. 2013;346:f2424."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"866","article-title":"Mortality after nonemergent major surgery performed on Friday versus Monday through Wednesday","volume":"246","author":"Zare MM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zare MM, Itani KM, Schifftner TL, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Mortality after nonemergent major surgery performed on Friday versus Monday through Wednesday. Ann Surg. 2007;246(5):866\u2013874."},{"issue":"8","key":"b5","series-title":"BMJ Qual Saf","first-page":"492","article-title":"The Global Comparators project: international comparison of 30-day in-hospital mortality by day of the week","volume":"24","author":"Ruiz M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruiz M, Bottle A, Aylin PP. The Global Comparators project: international comparison of 30-day in-hospital mortality by day of the week. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(8):492\u2013504."},{"issue":"11","key":"b6","series-title":"J Arthroplasty","first-page":"2426","article-title":"Day of surgery and surgical start time affect hospital length of stay after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"31","author":"Keswani A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keswani A, Beck C, Meier KM, Fields A, Bronson MJ, Moucha CS. Day of surgery and surgical start time affect hospital length of stay after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(11):2426\u20132431."},{"issue":"8","key":"b7","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"E303","article-title":"Association between day of the week of elective surgery and postoperative mortality","volume":"189","author":"Dubois L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dubois L, Vogt K, Vinden C,  Association between day of the week of elective surgery and postoperative mortality. CMAJ. 2017;189(8):E303\u2013E309."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"The Guardian. 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J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(6):864\u2013870."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013","volume":"18","author":"Saifi C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saifi C, Fein AW, Cazzulino A,  Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013. Spine J. 2018;18(6):1022\u20131029."},{"issue":"22","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Development and validation of cervical prediction models for patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after cervical spine surgery for radiculopathy and myelopathy","volume":"45","author":"Archer KR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Archer KR, Bydon M, Khan I,  Development and validation of cervical prediction models for patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after cervical spine surgery for radiculopathy and myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(22):1541\u20131552."},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14(7):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes","first-page":"52","article-title":"EQ-5D: a plea for accurate nomenclature","volume":"4","author":"Brooks R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brooks R, Boye KS, Slaap B. EQ-5D: a plea for accurate nomenclature. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2020;4(1):52."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"EuroQol Research Foundation;","article-title":"EQ-5D-3L User Guide","year":"2018","unstructured":"EQ-5D-3L User Guide. EuroQol Research Foundation; 2018. Accessed December 13, 2024. https:\/\/euroqol.org\/publications\/user-guides"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"741","article-title":"The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests","volume":"21","author":"Daltroy LH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(6):741\u2013749."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Accessed December 13, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E291","article-title":"Does day of surgery affect hospital length of stay and changes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion?","volume":"31","author":"Hijji FY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hijji FY, Narain AS, Haws BE,  Does day of surgery affect hospital length of stay and changes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion? Clin Spine Surg. 2018;31(5):E291\u2013E295."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"172","article-title":"Postoperative dysphagia correlates with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs in anterior cervical fusion","volume":"31","author":"Joseph JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph JR, Smith BW, Mummaneni PV, La Marca F, Park P. Postoperative dysphagia correlates with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs in anterior cervical fusion. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;31:172\u2013175."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"382","article-title":"Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures","volume":"38","author":"Alentado VJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alentado VJ, Bisson EF, Potts EA. Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;38(3):382\u2013388."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"311","article-title":"Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kalf JG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalf JG, de Swart BJ, Bloem BR, Munneke M. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(4):311\u2013315."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation","volume":"34","author":"Asher AL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asher AL, McCormick PC, Selden NR, Ghogawala Z, McGirt MJ. The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(1):E2."},{"issue":"10","key":"b22","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e6267","article-title":"Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Liu FY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu FY, Yang DL, Huang WZ,  Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(10):e6267."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Health Serv Res","first-page":"5","article-title":"Factors associated with prolonged length of stay for elective hepatobiliary and neurosurgery patients: a retrospective medical record review","volume":"18","author":"Lee SY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lee SY, Lee SH, Tan JHH,  Factors associated with prolonged length of stay for elective hepatobiliary and neurosurgery patients: a retrospective medical record review. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):5."},{"issue":"9","key":"b2","series-title":"J Knee Surg","first-page":"815","article-title":"Day of week and surgery location effects on stay length and cost for total joint arthroplasty: academic versus orthopaedic-specific hospital","volume":"31","author":"Martino J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martino J, Peterson B, Thompson S, Cook JL, Aggarwal A. Day of week and surgery location effects on stay length and cost for total joint arthroplasty: academic versus orthopaedic-specific hospital. J Knee Surg. 2018;31(9):815\u2013821."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"f2424","article-title":"Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics","volume":"346","author":"Aylin P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Aylin P, Alexandrescu R, Jen MH, Mayer EK, Bottle A. Day of week of procedure and 30 day mortality for elective surgery: retrospective analysis of hospital episode statistics. BMJ. 2013;346:f2424."},{"issue":"5","key":"b4","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"866","article-title":"Mortality after nonemergent major surgery performed on Friday versus Monday through Wednesday","volume":"246","author":"Zare MM","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zare MM, Itani KM, Schifftner TL, Henderson WG, Khuri SF. Mortality after nonemergent major surgery performed on Friday versus Monday through Wednesday. Ann Surg. 2007;246(5):866\u2013874."},{"issue":"8","key":"b5","series-title":"BMJ Qual Saf","first-page":"492","article-title":"The Global Comparators project: international comparison of 30-day in-hospital mortality by day of the week","volume":"24","author":"Ruiz M","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruiz M, Bottle A, Aylin PP. The Global Comparators project: international comparison of 30-day in-hospital mortality by day of the week. BMJ Qual Saf. 2015;24(8):492\u2013504."},{"issue":"11","key":"b6","series-title":"J Arthroplasty","first-page":"2426","article-title":"Day of surgery and surgical start time affect hospital length of stay after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"31","author":"Keswani A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Keswani A, Beck C, Meier KM, Fields A, Bronson MJ, Moucha CS. Day of surgery and surgical start time affect hospital length of stay after total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016;31(11):2426\u20132431."},{"issue":"8","key":"b7","series-title":"CMAJ","first-page":"E303","article-title":"Association between day of the week of elective surgery and postoperative mortality","volume":"189","author":"Dubois L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dubois L, Vogt K, Vinden C,  Association between day of the week of elective surgery and postoperative mortality. CMAJ. 2017;189(8):E303\u2013E309."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"The Guardian. 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J Neurosurg Spine. 2021;34(6):864\u2013870."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1022","article-title":"Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013","volume":"18","author":"Saifi C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saifi C, Fein AW, Cazzulino A,  Trends in resource utilization and rate of cervical disc arthroplasty and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion throughout the United States from 2006 to 2013. Spine J. 2018;18(6):1022\u20131029."},{"issue":"22","key":"b11","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1541","article-title":"Development and validation of cervical prediction models for patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after cervical spine surgery for radiculopathy and myelopathy","volume":"45","author":"Archer KR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Archer KR, Bydon M, Khan I,  Development and validation of cervical prediction models for patient-reported outcomes at 1 year after cervical spine surgery for radiculopathy and myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2020;45(22):1541\u20131552."},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14(7):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Patient Rep Outcomes","first-page":"52","article-title":"EQ-5D: a plea for accurate nomenclature","volume":"4","author":"Brooks R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Brooks R, Boye KS, Slaap B. EQ-5D: a plea for accurate nomenclature. J Patient Rep Outcomes. 2020;4(1):52."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"EuroQol Research Foundation;","article-title":"EQ-5D-3L User Guide","year":"2018","unstructured":"EQ-5D-3L User Guide. EuroQol Research Foundation; 2018. Accessed December 13, 2024. https:\/\/euroqol.org\/publications\/user-guides"},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"741","article-title":"The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests","volume":"21","author":"Daltroy LH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1996;21(6):741\u2013749."},{"key":"b16","article-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Accessed December 13, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"E291","article-title":"Does day of surgery affect hospital length of stay and changes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion?","volume":"31","author":"Hijji FY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hijji FY, Narain AS, Haws BE,  Does day of surgery affect hospital length of stay and changes following minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion? Clin Spine Surg. 2018;31(5):E291\u2013E295."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"172","article-title":"Postoperative dysphagia correlates with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs in anterior cervical fusion","volume":"31","author":"Joseph JR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joseph JR, Smith BW, Mummaneni PV, La Marca F, Park P. Postoperative dysphagia correlates with increased morbidity, mortality, and costs in anterior cervical fusion. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;31:172\u2013175."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"382","article-title":"Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures","volume":"38","author":"Alentado VJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alentado VJ, Bisson EF, Potts EA. Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;38(3):382\u2013388."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Parkinsonism Relat Disord","first-page":"311","article-title":"Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Kalf JG","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalf JG, de Swart BJ, Bloem BR, Munneke M. Prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2012;18(4):311\u2013315."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation","volume":"34","author":"Asher AL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Asher AL, McCormick PC, Selden NR, Ghogawala Z, McGirt MJ. The National Neurosurgery Quality and Outcomes Database and NeuroPoint Alliance: rationale, development, and implementation. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(1):E2."},{"issue":"10","key":"b22","series-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)","first-page":"e6267","article-title":"Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Liu FY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu FY, Yang DL, Huang WZ,  Risk factors for dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery: a meta-analysis. 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