{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T20:44:30Z","timestamp":1792010670699,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dural sealant patches (DSPs) are a useful adjunct when closing the dura during cranial or spinal surgery to avoid cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage or infection. Authors of this paper systematically review the outcomes and incidence of CSF leakage and infection with the use of a DSP versus conventional practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases were searched, and clinical trials and prospective or retrospective case-control and cohort studies with a low-risk of bias and involving any solid DSP used in adults for cranial or spinal cases were included. Studies that used a DSP in combination with another method of dural sealant closure, used a DSP as a dural substitute rather than an adjunctive closure device, or used hydrogel or polymer gel (i.e., nonsolid) dural sealant \"patches\" were excluded. A meta-analysis of comparative studies reporting outcomes relating to CSF leakage was performed together with a subgroup analysis for each DSP type. For comparative studies reporting outcomes relating to infection, a separate meta-analysis was conducted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the 7 noncomparative studies included, 669 patients received TachoComb (n = 421, 1 study), TachoSil (n = 8, 1 study), Liqoseal (n = 40, 1 study), TissuePatchDural (n = 144, 2 studies), or Hemopatch (n = 56, 2 studies). Across the 6 comparative studies included, 1013 patients received TachoSil (n = 784, 3 studies), TissuePatchDural (n = 147, 2 studies), or Hemopatch (n = 82, 1 study). When considering the rates of CSF leakage or infection, 2\/6 comparative studies found DSPs to be significantly more effective than current practice, while the remaining 4\/6 demonstrated noninferiority compared to current practice. All studies considered the DSPs to be safe. A meta-analysis revealed significant improvements in the incidence of CSF leakage with the use of a DSP overall, but the improvements in CSF leak rates for the TachoSil and TissuePatchDural subgroups did not reach statistical significance. The single study evaluating Hemopatch did find statistically significant improvements in CSF leak rates. There were no significant differences in infection between the DSP groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There was a significant improvement in the incidence of CSF leaks with the use of DSPs. Comparisons among DSP types and evaluations of outcomes relating to infection should be the focus of further research in this area.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.12.focus24705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T06:52:39Z","timestamp":1738392759000},"page":"E11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The use of dural sealant patches for reinforcement of durotomy repair: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Rahul","family":"Shah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shayan","family":"Huda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; and"},{"name":"CUNY School of Medicine, Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education, New York, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy S.","family":"D\u2019Amico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Caridi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netanel","family":"Ben-Shalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra\/Northwell, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1827","article-title":"The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Coucke B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coucke B, Van Gerven L, De Vleeschouwer S, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J, Theys T. The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(3):1827\u20131845."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: a comparison of the translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches","volume":"24","author":"Becker SS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker SS, Jackler RK, Pitts LH. Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: a comparison of the translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24(1):107\u2013112."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"661","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of BioGlue in neurosurgical procedures","volume":"10","author":"Kumar A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumar A, Maartens NF, Kaye AH. Evaluation of the use of BioGlue in neurosurgical procedures. J Clin Neurosci. 2003;10(6):661\u2013664."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"276","article-title":"Less than 1% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1,803 translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery cases","volume":"31","author":"Merkus P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merkus P, Taibah A, Sequino G, Sanna M. Less than 1% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1,803 translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery cases. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31(2):276\u2013283."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"847","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"George B","year":"2017","unstructured":"George B, Matula C, Kihlstr\u00f6m L, Ferrer E, Tetens V. Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(6):847\u2013853."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Tissue Eng","first-page":"20417314241228118","article-title":"Biosubstitutes for dural closure: unveiling research, application, and future prospects of dura mater alternatives","volume":"15","author":"Khurana D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khurana D, Suresh A, Nayak R,  Biosubstitutes for dural closure: unveiling research, application, and future prospects of dura mater alternatives. J Tissue Eng. 2024;15:20417314241228118."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"735","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Hutter G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutter G, von Felten S, Sailer MH, Schulz M, Mariani L. Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(3):735\u2013744."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"838","article-title":"Comparison between TachoComb and TachoSil for surgical hemostasis in arterial bleeding: an animal experimental study","volume":"68","author":"Agger P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agger P, Langhoff J, Smerup MH, Hasenkam JM. Comparison between TachoComb and TachoSil for surgical hemostasis in arterial bleeding: an animal experimental study. J Trauma. 2010;68(4):838\u2013842."},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e049098","article-title":"Single-arm, open-label, multicentre first in human study to evaluate the safety and performance of dural sealant patch in reducing CSF leakage following elective cranial surgery: the ENCASE trial","volume":"11","author":"Van Doormaal T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Doormaal T, Germans MR, Sie M,  Single-arm, open-label, multicentre first in human study to evaluate the safety and performance of dural sealant patch in reducing CSF leakage following elective cranial surgery: the ENCASE trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e049098."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"133","article-title":"Hemopatch\u00ae as a new dural sealant: a clinical observation","volume":"176","author":"Nowak S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nowak S, Schroeder HWS, Fleck S. Hemopatch\u00ae as a new dural sealant: a clinical observation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;176:133\u2013137."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"231","article-title":"Intraoperative sealing of dura mater defects with a novel, synthetic, self adhesive patch: application experience in 25 patients","volume":"26","author":"von der Brelie C","year":"2012","unstructured":"von der Brelie C, Soehle M, Clusmann HR. Intraoperative sealing of dura mater defects with a novel, synthetic, self adhesive patch: application experience in 25 patients. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(2):231\u2013235."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Syst Rev","first-page":"210","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"551","article-title":"A novel impermeable adhesive membrane to reinforce dural closure: a preliminary retrospective study on 119 consecutive high-risk patients","volume":"79","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Acerbi F, Broggi M,  A novel impermeable adhesive membrane to reinforce dural closure: a preliminary retrospective study on 119 consecutive high-risk patients. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(3-4):551\u2013557."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Eur Surg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Watertightness and effectiveness of a fibrinogen-based collagen fleece (TachoComb\u00ae) in neurosurgery","volume":"35","author":"Reddy M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reddy M, Sch\u00f6ggl A, Reddy B,  Watertightness and effectiveness of a fibrinogen-based collagen fleece (TachoComb\u00ae) in neurosurgery. Eur Surg. 2003;35(5):278\u2013281."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e4013","article-title":"Clinical experience with Hemopatch\u00ae as a dural sealant in cranial neurosurgery","volume":"11","author":"Schebesch KM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schebesch KM, Brawanski A. Clinical experience with Hemopatch\u00ae as a dural sealant in cranial neurosurgery. Cureus. 2019;11(2):e4013."},{"issue":"01","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"39","article-title":"TachoSil dural reconstruction in extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries","volume":"80","author":"Tews J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tews J, Jahromi B, Ludtka C,  TachoSil dural reconstruction in extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries. J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019;80(01):39\u201343."},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3779","article-title":"Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Carretta A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carretta A, Epskamp M, Ledermann L,  Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(6):3779\u20133788."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"429","article-title":"Tisseel\u00ae versus Hemopatch\u00ae for dural sealing in neurosurgery. A prospective study in a tertiary center","volume":"66","author":"Diaz-Molina J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diaz-Molina J, Mart\u00ednez R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Vargas P, Calero L, Azevedo A, Conde C. Tisseel\u00ae versus Hemopatch\u00ae for dural sealing in neurosurgery. A prospective study in a tertiary center. Neurochirurgie. 2020;66(6):429\u2013434."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"377","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and comparison of two alternative dural augmentation techniques in posterior fossa and spinal surgeries","volume":"29","author":"Eser MT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eser MT, Hanalioglu S, Cetiner MZ,  Identification of risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and comparison of two alternative dural augmentation techniques in posterior fossa and spinal surgeries. Turk Neurosurg. 2019;29(3):377\u2013385."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"171","article-title":"Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (Polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel","volume":"5","author":"Schiariti M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiariti M, Acerbi F, Broggi M,  Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (Polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(1):171."},{"issue":"10","key":"b21","series-title":"JBI Evid Synth","first-page":"2127","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S,  Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(10):2127\u20132133."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Ottawa Hospital","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells GA","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D,  The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital. Accessed December 10, 2024. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"I4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JAC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ,  RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:I4898."},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"581","article-title":"Evaluate the safety and efficacy of dura sealant patch in reducing cerebrospinal fluid leakage following elective cranial surgery (ENCASE II): study protocol for a randomized, two-arm, multicenter trial","volume":"23","author":"Carlson AP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carlson AP, Slot EMH, van Doormaal TPC,  Evaluate the safety and efficacy of dura sealant patch in reducing cerebrospinal fluid leakage following elective cranial surgery (ENCASE II): study protocol for a randomized, two-arm, multicenter trial. Trials. 2022;23(1):581."},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1827","article-title":"The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review","volume":"45","author":"Coucke B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Coucke B, Van Gerven L, De Vleeschouwer S, Van Calenbergh F, van Loon J, Theys T. The incidence of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage after elective cranial surgery: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(3):1827\u20131845."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"107","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: a comparison of the translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches","volume":"24","author":"Becker SS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Becker SS, Jackler RK, Pitts LH. Cerebrospinal fluid leak after acoustic neuroma surgery: a comparison of the translabyrinthine, middle fossa, and retrosigmoid approaches. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24(1):107\u2013112."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"661","article-title":"Evaluation of the use of BioGlue in neurosurgical procedures","volume":"10","author":"Kumar A","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kumar A, Maartens NF, Kaye AH. Evaluation of the use of BioGlue in neurosurgical procedures. J Clin Neurosci. 2003;10(6):661\u2013664."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"276","article-title":"Less than 1% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1,803 translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery cases","volume":"31","author":"Merkus P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Merkus P, Taibah A, Sequino G, Sanna M. Less than 1% cerebrospinal fluid leakage in 1,803 translabyrinthine vestibular schwannoma surgery cases. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31(2):276\u2013283."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"847","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"80","author":"George B","year":"2017","unstructured":"George B, Matula C, Kihlstr\u00f6m L, Ferrer E, Tetens V. Safety and efficacy of TachoSil (absorbable fibrin sealant patch) compared with current practice for the prevention of cerebrospinal fluid leaks in patients undergoing skull base surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Neurosurgery. 2017;80(6):847\u2013853."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"J Tissue Eng","first-page":"20417314241228118","article-title":"Biosubstitutes for dural closure: unveiling research, application, and future prospects of dura mater alternatives","volume":"15","author":"Khurana D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Khurana D, Suresh A, Nayak R,  Biosubstitutes for dural closure: unveiling research, application, and future prospects of dura mater alternatives. J Tissue Eng. 2024;15:20417314241228118."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"735","article-title":"Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"121","author":"Hutter G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutter G, von Felten S, Sailer MH, Schulz M, Mariani L. Risk factors for postoperative CSF leakage after elective craniotomy and the efficacy of fleece-bound tissue sealing against dural suturing alone: a randomized controlled trial. J Neurosurg. 2014;121(3):735\u2013744."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"J Trauma","first-page":"838","article-title":"Comparison between TachoComb and TachoSil for surgical hemostasis in arterial bleeding: an animal experimental study","volume":"68","author":"Agger P","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agger P, Langhoff J, Smerup MH, Hasenkam JM. Comparison between TachoComb and TachoSil for surgical hemostasis in arterial bleeding: an animal experimental study. J Trauma. 2010;68(4):838\u2013842."},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e049098","article-title":"Single-arm, open-label, multicentre first in human study to evaluate the safety and performance of dural sealant patch in reducing CSF leakage following elective cranial surgery: the ENCASE trial","volume":"11","author":"Van Doormaal T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Van Doormaal T, Germans MR, Sie M,  Single-arm, open-label, multicentre first in human study to evaluate the safety and performance of dural sealant patch in reducing CSF leakage following elective cranial surgery: the ENCASE trial. BMJ Open. 2021;11(7):e049098."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"133","article-title":"Hemopatch\u00ae as a new dural sealant: a clinical observation","volume":"176","author":"Nowak S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nowak S, Schroeder HWS, Fleck S. Hemopatch\u00ae as a new dural sealant: a clinical observation. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;176:133\u2013137."},{"issue":"2","key":"b11","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"231","article-title":"Intraoperative sealing of dura mater defects with a novel, synthetic, self adhesive patch: application experience in 25 patients","volume":"26","author":"von der Brelie C","year":"2012","unstructured":"von der Brelie C, Soehle M, Clusmann HR. Intraoperative sealing of dura mater defects with a novel, synthetic, self adhesive patch: application experience in 25 patients. Br J Neurosurg. 2012;26(2):231\u2013235."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Syst Rev","first-page":"210","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5(1):210."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"551","article-title":"A novel impermeable adhesive membrane to reinforce dural closure: a preliminary retrospective study on 119 consecutive high-risk patients","volume":"79","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Acerbi F, Broggi M,  A novel impermeable adhesive membrane to reinforce dural closure: a preliminary retrospective study on 119 consecutive high-risk patients. World Neurosurg. 2013;79(3-4):551\u2013557."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Eur Surg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Watertightness and effectiveness of a fibrinogen-based collagen fleece (TachoComb\u00ae) in neurosurgery","volume":"35","author":"Reddy M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Reddy M, Sch\u00f6ggl A, Reddy B,  Watertightness and effectiveness of a fibrinogen-based collagen fleece (TachoComb\u00ae) in neurosurgery. Eur Surg. 2003;35(5):278\u2013281."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e4013","article-title":"Clinical experience with Hemopatch\u00ae as a dural sealant in cranial neurosurgery","volume":"11","author":"Schebesch KM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Schebesch KM, Brawanski A. Clinical experience with Hemopatch\u00ae as a dural sealant in cranial neurosurgery. Cureus. 2019;11(2):e4013."},{"issue":"01","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"39","article-title":"TachoSil dural reconstruction in extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries","volume":"80","author":"Tews J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tews J, Jahromi B, Ludtka C,  TachoSil dural reconstruction in extracranial-intracranial bypass surgeries. J Neurol Surg Part Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2019;80(01):39\u201343."},{"issue":"6","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"3779","article-title":"Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Carretta A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carretta A, Epskamp M, Ledermann L,  Collagen-bound fibrin sealant (TachoSil\u00ae) for dural closure in cranial surgery: single-centre comparative cohort study and systematic review of the literature. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(6):3779\u20133788."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurochirurgie","first-page":"429","article-title":"Tisseel\u00ae versus Hemopatch\u00ae for dural sealing in neurosurgery. A prospective study in a tertiary center","volume":"66","author":"Diaz-Molina J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diaz-Molina J, Mart\u00ednez R, Gonz\u00e1lez-Vargas P, Calero L, Azevedo A, Conde C. Tisseel\u00ae versus Hemopatch\u00ae for dural sealing in neurosurgery. A prospective study in a tertiary center. Neurochirurgie. 2020;66(6):429\u2013434."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"Turk Neurosurg","first-page":"377","article-title":"Identification of risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and comparison of two alternative dural augmentation techniques in posterior fossa and spinal surgeries","volume":"29","author":"Eser MT","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eser MT, Hanalioglu S, Cetiner MZ,  Identification of risk factors for postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leakage and comparison of two alternative dural augmentation techniques in posterior fossa and spinal surgeries. Turk Neurosurg. 2019;29(3):377\u2013385."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"171","article-title":"Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (Polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel","volume":"5","author":"Schiariti M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schiariti M, Acerbi F, Broggi M,  Two alternative dural sealing techniques in posterior fossa surgery: (Polylactide-co-glycolide) self-adhesive resorbable membrane versus polyethylene glycol hydrogel. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(1):171."},{"issue":"10","key":"b21","series-title":"JBI Evid Synth","first-page":"2127","article-title":"Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool","volume":"18","author":"Munn Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Munn Z, Barker TH, Moola S,  Methodological quality of case series studies: an introduction to the JBI critical appraisal tool. JBI Evid Synth. 2020;18(10):2127\u20132133."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"Ottawa Hospital","article-title":"The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses","author":"Wells GA","unstructured":"Wells GA, Shea B, O\u2019Connell D,  The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. Ottawa Hospital. Accessed December 10, 2024. https:\/\/www.ohri.ca\/programs\/clinical_epidemiology\/oxford.asp"},{"key":"b23","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"I4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials","volume":"366","author":"Sterne JAC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, Savovi\u0107 J, Page MJ,  RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366:I4898."},{"issue":"1","key":"b24","series-title":"Trials","first-page":"581","article-title":"Evaluate the safety and efficacy of dura sealant patch in reducing cerebrospinal fluid leakage following elective cranial surgery (ENCASE II): study protocol for a randomized, two-arm, multicenter trial","volume":"23","author":"Carlson AP","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carlson AP, Slot EMH, van Doormaal TPC,  Evaluate the safety and efficacy of dura sealant patch in reducing cerebrospinal fluid leakage following elective cranial surgery (ENCASE II): study protocol for a randomized, two-arm, multicenter trial. 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