{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T09:01:31Z","timestamp":1780736491592,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) is an important neurosurgical intervention most commonly used for pathologies such as meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, paragangliomas, arteriovenous malformations, and trigeminal neuralgia. While the widespread availability of GKRS in developed countries makes it ubiquitous in neurosurgical research, there is a huge disparity in research in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to quantify research undertaken by authors in LMICs on GKRS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors systematically reviewed PubMed for research articles that reported on GKRS from LMICs. Studies reporting on neurosurgically treated pathologies in which either the first or corresponding author was affiliated with an institution in an LMIC were included.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 190 papers from LMICs met the criteria; 142 articles were from Asia and 48 were from Africa. India had the highest number of papers, whereas no papers from LMICs in South America or Oceania met the criteria for inclusion. The most frequently published type of study was retrospective, tumors were the most common pathologies studied, and arteriovenous malformations were the single most studied individual pathology. There was no significant difference in the mean number of each article type or for neoplastic, vascular, or functional pathologies per country between Asia and Africa. Articles were most often published in\n                      <jats:italic>Neurology India<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and 24 studies had a female first author, whereas 22 had a female corresponding author.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study reveals the relatively low number of studies providing high-quality evidence from LMICs such as randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, as well as gender inequities and very high disparities among LMICs in GKRS research.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.12.focus24760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T07:58:18Z","timestamp":1740815898000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Significance, applications, and contributions of Gamma Knife radiosurgery in advancing neurosurgical care in lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Sudharman","family":"Sitaraman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bhavya","family":"Pahwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, Delhi, India;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L. Dade","family":"Lunsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"484","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases from a health-economic perspective: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Warsi NM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warsi NM, Karmur BS, Brar K,  The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases from a health-economic perspective: a systematic review. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(3):484\u2013497."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Expert Rev Neurother","first-page":"437","article-title":"The past, present and future of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain tumors: the Pittsburgh experience","volume":"12","author":"Monaco EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monaco EA, Grandhi R, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. The past, present and future of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain tumors: the Pittsburgh experience. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(4):437\u2013445."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"303","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas: factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes","volume":"114","author":"Sheehan JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheehan JP, Pouratian N, Steiner L, Laws ER, Vance ML. Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas: factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(2):303\u2013309."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Mo Med","first-page":"33","article-title":"Therapeutic role of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery in neuro-oncology","volume":"117","author":"Desai R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai R, Rich KM. Therapeutic role of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery in neuro-oncology. Mo Med. 2020;117(1):33\u201338."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"608","article-title":"Worldwide access to stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"130","author":"Pannullo SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pannullo SC, Julie DAR, Chidambaram S,  Worldwide access to stereotactic radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2019;130:608\u2013614."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100166","article-title":"Role of novel policy implementation for Gamma Knife (GK) procedures in improving access to neurosurgical care in lower middle income countries (LMICs) GK in LMICs","volume":"18","author":"Pahwa B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pahwa B, Agrawal D. Role of novel policy implementation for Gamma Knife (GK) procedures in improving access to neurosurgical care in lower middle income countries (LMICs) GK in LMICs. World Neurosurg X. 2023;18:100166."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Brain Sci","first-page":"134","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of dose protocols","volume":"9","author":"Boling W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boling W, Song M, Shih W, Karlsson B. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of dose protocols. Brain Sci. 2019;9(6):134."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Prog Neurol Surg","first-page":"238","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes and late effects","volume":"34","author":"Pollock BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pollock BE. Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes and late effects. Prog Neurol Surg. 2019;34:238\u2013247."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"251","article-title":"The establishment and development of neurosurgery services in Papua New Guinea","volume":"40","author":"Kaptigau WM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaptigau WM, Rosenfeld JV, Kevau I, Watters DA. The establishment and development of neurosurgery services in Papua New Guinea. World J Surg. 2015;40:251\u2013257."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care","first-page":"488","article-title":"Cost analysis of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"23","author":"Griffiths A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffiths A, Marinovich L, Barton MB, Lord SJ. Cost analysis of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2007;23(4):488\u2013494."},{"key":"b11","article-title":"Current status of radiosurgery in India","author":"Tripathy M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tripathy M. Current status of radiosurgery in India. Paper presented at: 5th Annual Meeting of British Radiosurgery Society (BRSS); July 4\u20136, 2018; Winchester, United Kingdom."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"439","article-title":"Quality of clinical studies in neurosurgical journals: signs of improvement over three decades","volume":"103","author":"Gnanalingham KK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gnanalingham KK, Tysome J, Martinez-Canca J, Barazi SA. Quality of clinical studies in neurosurgical journals: signs of improvement over three decades. J Neurosurg. 2005;103(3):439\u2013443."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Int J Clin Pharm","first-page":"717","article-title":"The relevance of systematic reviews on pharmaceutical policy to low- and middle-income countries","volume":"37","author":"Gray AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray AL, Suleman F. The relevance of systematic reviews on pharmaceutical policy to low- and middle-income countries. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(5):717\u2013725."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"Asian Soc Sci","first-page":"188","article-title":"Factors related to low research productivity at higher education level","volume":"7","author":"Iqbal MZ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iqbal MZ, Mahmood A. Factors related to low research productivity at higher education level. Asian Soc Sci. 2011;7(2):188\u2013193."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Will you choose neurosurgery as your career? An Indian female medical student perspective","volume":"105","author":"Pahwa B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pahwa B, Kalyani M, Jain I, Bhattacharjee S. Will you choose neurosurgery as your career? An Indian female medical student perspective. J Clin Neurosci. 2022;105:1\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"808","article-title":"What it is to be a woman neurosurgeon in India: a survey","volume":"14","author":"Palanisamy D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palanisamy D, Battacharjee S. What it is to be a woman neurosurgeon in India: a survey. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019;14(3):808\u2013814."},{"issue":"7","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"682","article-title":"Conservative management, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and microsurgery for acoustic neurinomas: a systematic review of outcome and risk of three therapeutic options","volume":"25","author":"Yamakami I","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yamakami I, Uchino Y, Kobayashi E, Yamaura A. Conservative management, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and microsurgery for acoustic neurinomas: a systematic review of outcome and risk of three therapeutic options. Neurol Res. 2003;25(7):682\u2013690."},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurol","first-page":"304","article-title":"Hearing preservation, facial nerve dysfunction, and tumor control in small vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus microsurgery","volume":"19","author":"Aman RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aman RA, Petonengan DAA, Hafif M, Santoso F. Hearing preservation, facial nerve dysfunction, and tumor control in small vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus microsurgery. J Clin Neurol. 2023;19(3):304\u2013311."},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Otolaryngol","first-page":"438","article-title":"Evaluation of cost effectiveness for conservative and active management strategies for acoustic neuroma","volume":"34","author":"Verma S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verma S, Anthony R, Tsai V, Taplin M, Rutka J. Evaluation of cost effectiveness for conservative and active management strategies for acoustic neuroma. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(5):438\u2013446."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"184","article-title":"A cost comparative study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus open surgery for intracranial pathology","volume":"22","author":"Caruso JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caruso JP, Moosa S, Fezeu F, Ramesh A, Sheehan JP. A cost comparative study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus open surgery for intracranial pathology. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(1):184\u2013188."},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"S140","article-title":"Correlation based on the WHO grading with tumor control and clinical outcome following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in meningiomas","volume":"71","author":"Naik V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naik V, Pahwa B, Singh M, Kale S, Agrawal D. Correlation based on the WHO grading with tumor control and clinical outcome following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in meningiomas. Neurol India. 2023;71(Supplement):S140-S145."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery for posterior cranial fossa meningioma: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Jumah F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jumah F, Narayan V, Samara A,  Efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery for posterior cranial fossa meningioma: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020;43(4):1089\u20131099."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b23","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"216","article-title":"Risk factors for regrowth of intracranial meningiomas after gamma knife radiosurgery: importance of the histopathological grade and MIB-1 index","volume":"52","author":"Nakaya K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakaya K, Chernov M, Kasuya H,  Risk factors for regrowth of intracranial meningiomas after gamma knife radiosurgery: importance of the histopathological grade and MIB-1 index. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2009;52(5-6):216\u2013221."},{"issue":"5","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Meningioma radiosurgery: tumor control, outcomes, and complications among 190 consecutive patients","volume":"49","author":"Stafford SL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stafford SL, Pollock BE, Foote RL,  Meningioma radiosurgery: tumor control, outcomes, and complications among 190 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery. 2001;49(5):1029\u20131038."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"41","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas","volume":"84","author":"Kano H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kano H, Takahashi JA, Katsuki T,  Stereotactic radiosurgery for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2007;84(1):41\u201347."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"237","article-title":"A microcosting study of microsurgery, LINAC radiosurgery, and gamma knife radiosurgery in meningioma patients","volume":"101","author":"Tan SS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan SS, van Putten E, Nijdam WM,  A microcosting study of microsurgery, LINAC radiosurgery, and gamma knife radiosurgery in meningioma patients. J Neurooncol. 2011;101(2):237\u2013245."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e178","article-title":"Does endovascular treatment with curative intention have benefits for treating high-grade arteriovenous malformation versus radiosurgery? Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"149","author":"P\u00e9rez-Alfayate R","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Alfayate R, Grasso G, P\u00e9rez CF, Arias-D\u00edaz J, Sallabanda-D\u00edaz K. Does endovascular treatment with curative intention have benefits for treating high-grade arteriovenous malformation versus radiosurgery? Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness analysis. World Neurosurg. 2021;149:e178\u2013e187."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1987","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"China M","year":"2022","unstructured":"China M, Vastani A, Hill CS, Tancu C, Grover PJ. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(3):1987\u20132004."},{"issue":"4","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"826","article-title":"Dose fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations on daily or alternate day schedule outside the linear quadratic model: proof of concept and early results. A substitute to volume fractionation","volume":"65","author":"Mukherjee KK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukherjee KK, Kumar N, Tripathi M,  Dose fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations on daily or alternate day schedule outside the linear quadratic model: proof of concept and early results. A substitute to volume fractionation. Neurol India. 2017;65(4):826-835."},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for the management of trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective and cross-sectional study","volume":"71","author":"Okunlola AI","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okunlola AI, Pattankar S, Warade A, Khandhar A, Mistry V, Misra BK. Safety and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for the management of trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Neurol India. 2023;71(Supplement):S161-S167."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"232","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: first case series from Latin America","volume":"77","author":"Constanzo F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constanzo F, Silva RSD, de Almeida DB,  Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: first case series from Latin America. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019;77(4):232\u2013238."},{"issue":"2","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"461","article-title":"The relevance of biologically effective dose for pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: an 871-patient multicenter study","volume":"141","author":"Warnick RE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warnick RE, Paddick I, Mathieu D,  The relevance of biologically effective dose for pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: an 871-patient multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(2):461\u2013473."},{"issue":"5","key":"b33","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"633","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: review and update","volume":"65","author":"Lee S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee S, Lee JI. Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: review and update. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2022;65(5):633\u2013639."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Comparing microvascular decompression with Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"125","author":"Gandhoke GS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gandhoke GS, Smith KJ, Niranjan A, Sekula RF, Lunsford LD. Comparing microvascular decompression with Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. a cost-effectiveness analysis. World Neurosurg. 2019;125:207\u2013216."},{"issue":"5","key":"b35","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"818","article-title":"Long term efficacy and patient satisfaction of microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Nanda A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanda A, Javalkar V, Zhang S, Ahmed O. Long term efficacy and patient satisfaction of microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(5):818\u2013822."},{"issue":"1","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"45","article-title":"Microvascular decompression after failed Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a safe and effective rescue therapy?","volume":"113","author":"Sekula RF Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sekula RF Jr, Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Bhatia S, Quigley MR. Microvascular decompression after failed Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a safe and effective rescue therapy?. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(1):45\u201352."},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"484","article-title":"The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases from a health-economic perspective: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Warsi NM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Warsi NM, Karmur BS, Brar K,  The role of stereotactic radiosurgery in the management of brain metastases from a health-economic perspective: a systematic review. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(3):484\u2013497."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Expert Rev Neurother","first-page":"437","article-title":"The past, present and future of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain tumors: the Pittsburgh experience","volume":"12","author":"Monaco EA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monaco EA, Grandhi R, Niranjan A, Lunsford LD. The past, present and future of Gamma Knife radiosurgery for brain tumors: the Pittsburgh experience. Expert Rev Neurother. 2012;12(4):437\u2013445."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"303","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas: factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes","volume":"114","author":"Sheehan JP","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sheehan JP, Pouratian N, Steiner L, Laws ER, Vance ML. Gamma Knife surgery for pituitary adenomas: factors related to radiological and endocrine outcomes. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(2):303\u2013309."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Mo Med","first-page":"33","article-title":"Therapeutic role of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery in neuro-oncology","volume":"117","author":"Desai R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Desai R, Rich KM. Therapeutic role of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery in neuro-oncology. Mo Med. 2020;117(1):33\u201338."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"608","article-title":"Worldwide access to stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"130","author":"Pannullo SC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pannullo SC, Julie DAR, Chidambaram S,  Worldwide access to stereotactic radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2019;130:608\u2013614."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100166","article-title":"Role of novel policy implementation for Gamma Knife (GK) procedures in improving access to neurosurgical care in lower middle income countries (LMICs) GK in LMICs","volume":"18","author":"Pahwa B","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pahwa B, Agrawal D. Role of novel policy implementation for Gamma Knife (GK) procedures in improving access to neurosurgical care in lower middle income countries (LMICs) GK in LMICs. World Neurosurg X. 2023;18:100166."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Brain Sci","first-page":"134","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of dose protocols","volume":"9","author":"Boling W","year":"2019","unstructured":"Boling W, Song M, Shih W, Karlsson B. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a comparison of dose protocols. Brain Sci. 2019;9(6):134."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"Prog Neurol Surg","first-page":"238","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes and late effects","volume":"34","author":"Pollock BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pollock BE. Gamma Knife radiosurgery of arteriovenous malformations: long-term outcomes and late effects. Prog Neurol Surg. 2019;34:238\u2013247."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World J Surg","first-page":"251","article-title":"The establishment and development of neurosurgery services in Papua New Guinea","volume":"40","author":"Kaptigau WM","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kaptigau WM, Rosenfeld JV, Kevau I, Watters DA. The establishment and development of neurosurgery services in Papua New Guinea. World J Surg. 2015;40:251\u2013257."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Int J Technol Assess Health Care","first-page":"488","article-title":"Cost analysis of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery","volume":"23","author":"Griffiths A","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffiths A, Marinovich L, Barton MB, Lord SJ. Cost analysis of Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2007;23(4):488\u2013494."},{"key":"b11","article-title":"Current status of radiosurgery in India","author":"Tripathy M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tripathy M. Current status of radiosurgery in India. Paper presented at: 5th Annual Meeting of British Radiosurgery Society (BRSS); July 4\u20136, 2018; Winchester, United Kingdom."},{"issue":"3","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"439","article-title":"Quality of clinical studies in neurosurgical journals: signs of improvement over three decades","volume":"103","author":"Gnanalingham KK","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gnanalingham KK, Tysome J, Martinez-Canca J, Barazi SA. Quality of clinical studies in neurosurgical journals: signs of improvement over three decades. J Neurosurg. 2005;103(3):439\u2013443."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Int J Clin Pharm","first-page":"717","article-title":"The relevance of systematic reviews on pharmaceutical policy to low- and middle-income countries","volume":"37","author":"Gray AL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray AL, Suleman F. The relevance of systematic reviews on pharmaceutical policy to low- and middle-income countries. Int J Clin Pharm. 2015;37(5):717\u2013725."},{"issue":"2","key":"b14","series-title":"Asian Soc Sci","first-page":"188","article-title":"Factors related to low research productivity at higher education level","volume":"7","author":"Iqbal MZ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iqbal MZ, Mahmood A. Factors related to low research productivity at higher education level. Asian Soc Sci. 2011;7(2):188\u2013193."},{"key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Will you choose neurosurgery as your career? An Indian female medical student perspective","volume":"105","author":"Pahwa B","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pahwa B, Kalyani M, Jain I, Bhattacharjee S. Will you choose neurosurgery as your career? An Indian female medical student perspective. J Clin Neurosci. 2022;105:1\u20138."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"Asian J Neurosurg","first-page":"808","article-title":"What it is to be a woman neurosurgeon in India: a survey","volume":"14","author":"Palanisamy D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palanisamy D, Battacharjee S. What it is to be a woman neurosurgeon in India: a survey. Asian J Neurosurg. 2019;14(3):808\u2013814."},{"issue":"7","key":"b17","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"682","article-title":"Conservative management, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and microsurgery for acoustic neurinomas: a systematic review of outcome and risk of three therapeutic options","volume":"25","author":"Yamakami I","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yamakami I, Uchino Y, Kobayashi E, Yamaura A. Conservative management, gamma-knife radiosurgery, and microsurgery for acoustic neurinomas: a systematic review of outcome and risk of three therapeutic options. Neurol Res. 2003;25(7):682\u2013690."},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurol","first-page":"304","article-title":"Hearing preservation, facial nerve dysfunction, and tumor control in small vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus microsurgery","volume":"19","author":"Aman RA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aman RA, Petonengan DAA, Hafif M, Santoso F. Hearing preservation, facial nerve dysfunction, and tumor control in small vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus microsurgery. J Clin Neurol. 2023;19(3):304\u2013311."},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Otolaryngol","first-page":"438","article-title":"Evaluation of cost effectiveness for conservative and active management strategies for acoustic neuroma","volume":"34","author":"Verma S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Verma S, Anthony R, Tsai V, Taplin M, Rutka J. Evaluation of cost effectiveness for conservative and active management strategies for acoustic neuroma. Clin Otolaryngol. 2009;34(5):438\u2013446."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"184","article-title":"A cost comparative study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus open surgery for intracranial pathology","volume":"22","author":"Caruso JP","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caruso JP, Moosa S, Fezeu F, Ramesh A, Sheehan JP. A cost comparative study of Gamma Knife radiosurgery versus open surgery for intracranial pathology. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(1):184\u2013188."},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"S140","article-title":"Correlation based on the WHO grading with tumor control and clinical outcome following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in meningiomas","volume":"71","author":"Naik V","year":"2023","unstructured":"Naik V, Pahwa B, Singh M, Kale S, Agrawal D. Correlation based on the WHO grading with tumor control and clinical outcome following Gamma Knife radiosurgery in meningiomas. Neurol India. 2023;71(Supplement):S140-S145."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery for posterior cranial fossa meningioma: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Jumah F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jumah F, Narayan V, Samara A,  Efficacy and safety of gamma knife radiosurgery for posterior cranial fossa meningioma: a systematic review. Neurosurg Rev. 2020;43(4):1089\u20131099."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b23","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"216","article-title":"Risk factors for regrowth of intracranial meningiomas after gamma knife radiosurgery: importance of the histopathological grade and MIB-1 index","volume":"52","author":"Nakaya K","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nakaya K, Chernov M, Kasuya H,  Risk factors for regrowth of intracranial meningiomas after gamma knife radiosurgery: importance of the histopathological grade and MIB-1 index. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2009;52(5-6):216\u2013221."},{"issue":"5","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1029","article-title":"Meningioma radiosurgery: tumor control, outcomes, and complications among 190 consecutive patients","volume":"49","author":"Stafford SL","year":"2001","unstructured":"Stafford SL, Pollock BE, Foote RL,  Meningioma radiosurgery: tumor control, outcomes, and complications among 190 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery. 2001;49(5):1029\u20131038."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"41","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas","volume":"84","author":"Kano H","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kano H, Takahashi JA, Katsuki T,  Stereotactic radiosurgery for atypical and anaplastic meningiomas. J Neurooncol. 2007;84(1):41\u201347."},{"issue":"2","key":"b26","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"237","article-title":"A microcosting study of microsurgery, LINAC radiosurgery, and gamma knife radiosurgery in meningioma patients","volume":"101","author":"Tan SS","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tan SS, van Putten E, Nijdam WM,  A microcosting study of microsurgery, LINAC radiosurgery, and gamma knife radiosurgery in meningioma patients. J Neurooncol. 2011;101(2):237\u2013245."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e178","article-title":"Does endovascular treatment with curative intention have benefits for treating high-grade arteriovenous malformation versus radiosurgery? Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"149","author":"P\u00e9rez-Alfayate R","year":"2021","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Alfayate R, Grasso G, P\u00e9rez CF, Arias-D\u00edaz J, Sallabanda-D\u00edaz K. Does endovascular treatment with curative intention have benefits for treating high-grade arteriovenous malformation versus radiosurgery? Efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness analysis. World Neurosurg. 2021;149:e178\u2013e187."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"1987","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"China M","year":"2022","unstructured":"China M, Vastani A, Hill CS, Tancu C, Grover PJ. Gamma Knife radiosurgery for cerebral arteriovenous malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(3):1987\u20132004."},{"issue":"4","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"826","article-title":"Dose fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations on daily or alternate day schedule outside the linear quadratic model: proof of concept and early results. A substitute to volume fractionation","volume":"65","author":"Mukherjee KK","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mukherjee KK, Kumar N, Tripathi M,  Dose fractionated gamma knife radiosurgery for large arteriovenous malformations on daily or alternate day schedule outside the linear quadratic model: proof of concept and early results. A substitute to volume fractionation. Neurol India. 2017;65(4):826-835."},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"S161","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for the management of trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective and cross-sectional study","volume":"71","author":"Okunlola AI","year":"2023","unstructured":"Okunlola AI, Pattankar S, Warade A, Khandhar A, Mistry V, Misra BK. Safety and efficacy of gamma knife radiosurgery for the management of trigeminal neuralgia: a retrospective and cross-sectional study. Neurol India. 2023;71(Supplement):S161-S167."},{"issue":"4","key":"b31","series-title":"Arq Neuropsiquiatr","first-page":"232","article-title":"Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: first case series from Latin America","volume":"77","author":"Constanzo F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Constanzo F, Silva RSD, de Almeida DB,  Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: first case series from Latin America. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2019;77(4):232\u2013238."},{"issue":"2","key":"b32","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"461","article-title":"The relevance of biologically effective dose for pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: an 871-patient multicenter study","volume":"141","author":"Warnick RE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Warnick RE, Paddick I, Mathieu D,  The relevance of biologically effective dose for pain relief and sensory dysfunction after Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: an 871-patient multicenter study. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(2):461\u2013473."},{"issue":"5","key":"b33","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"633","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: review and update","volume":"65","author":"Lee S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee S, Lee JI. Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: review and update. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2022;65(5):633\u2013639."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Comparing microvascular decompression with Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"125","author":"Gandhoke GS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gandhoke GS, Smith KJ, Niranjan A, Sekula RF, Lunsford LD. Comparing microvascular decompression with Gamma Knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. a cost-effectiveness analysis. World Neurosurg. 2019;125:207\u2013216."},{"issue":"5","key":"b35","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"818","article-title":"Long term efficacy and patient satisfaction of microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"22","author":"Nanda A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Nanda A, Javalkar V, Zhang S, Ahmed O. Long term efficacy and patient satisfaction of microvascular decompression and gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(5):818\u2013822."},{"issue":"1","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"45","article-title":"Microvascular decompression after failed Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a safe and effective rescue therapy?","volume":"113","author":"Sekula RF Jr","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sekula RF Jr, Frederickson AM, Jannetta PJ, Bhatia S, Quigley MR. Microvascular decompression after failed Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia: a safe and effective rescue therapy?. J Neurosurg. 2010;113(1):45\u201352."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/58\/3\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/58\/3\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/58\/3\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:24:27Z","timestamp":1780734267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/58\/3\/article-pE9.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"references-count":72,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.12.focus24760","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]}}}