{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T05:36:11Z","timestamp":1775540171910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A decline in verbal fluency (VF) after subthalamic stimulation has been frequently reported; however, the reasons and mechanisms for this decline remain unclear. This study investigated the impact of subthalamic stimulation on semantic VF decline, analyzed the associated factors, and uncovered the relevant mechanisms by exploring local and network effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Included in the study were 78 patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease who were categorized into either the stable group (n = 32) or the decliner group (n = 46) based on whether semantic VF decreased after subthalamic stimulation. The baseline and follow-up clinical profiles were compared between the two groups. Local and network effect models were constructed based on volume of tissue activation (VTA).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Semantic VF decline was closely related to the Hoehn and Yahr stage (OR 3.38, p = 0.024), left standardized X-coordinate (OR 1.928, p = 0.025), and left standardized Y-coordinate (OR 0.534, p = 0.013). The VTA-covered motor subthalamic nucleus was negatively correlated with semantic VF. The probabilistic stimulation maps indicated that the stimulation site for semantic VF decline was closer to the optimal site for motor symptom improvement. Finally, fiber filtering and structural network analyses indicated that the decline in semantic VF was associated with a decrease in prefrontal cortex connectivity induced by stimulation, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Subthalamic stimulation resulted in a decline in semantic VF. The semantic VF decline is related not only to the severity of postoperative disease but also to the effects of stimulation, and this effect is lateralized, especially in the left hemisphere.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.12.jns241574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T21:54:08Z","timestamp":1744408448000},"page":"698-707","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring local and network effects of subthalamic stimulation on semantic verbal fluency in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Guangrui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifeng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangfeng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lanxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guangyan","family":"Cong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Lu\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu\u2019an, Anhui;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiyuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Lu\u2019an Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Lu\u2019an, Anhui;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Drum Tower Clinical College, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuzhang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingtao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology, Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keke","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaoya","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical College of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Neurorehabilitation, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin;"},{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"755","article-title":"GPi vs STN deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: three-year follow-up","volume":"86","author":"Odekerken VJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Odekerken VJ, Boel JA, Schmand BA,  GPi vs STN deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease: three-year follow-up. 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J Neurosurg. 2022; 137(3):729\u2013734."},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"b4","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"2109","article-title":"Relation of lead trajectory and electrode position to neuropsychological outcomes of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: results from a randomized trial","volume":"136","author":"Witt K","year":"2013","unstructured":"Witt K, Granert O, Daniels C,  Relation of lead trajectory and electrode position to neuropsychological outcomes of subthalamic neurostimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease: results from a randomized trial. 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Neurology. 2009; 72(1):42\u201349."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"445","article-title":"Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects a frontotemporal network: a PET study","volume":"54","author":"Schroeder U","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schroeder U, Kuehler A, Lange KW,  Subthalamic nucleus stimulation affects a frontotemporal network: a PET study. Ann Neurol. 2003; 54(4):445\u2013450."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"Brain Imaging Behav","first-page":"2445","article-title":"Semantic fluency deficits and associated brain activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"16","author":"Yang J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang J, McMahon KL, Copland DA,  Semantic fluency deficits and associated brain activity in Parkinson\u2019s disease with mild cognitive impairment. 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Neuropsychol Rev. 2023; 33(4):733\u2013764."},{"issue":"11","key":"b37","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"3592","article-title":"Non-motor outcomes depend on location of neurostimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"142","author":"Petry-Schmelzer JN","year":"2019","unstructured":"Petry-Schmelzer JN, Krause M, Dembek TA,  Non-motor outcomes depend on location of neurostimulation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Brain. 2019; 142(11):3592\u20133604."},{"key":"b38","series-title":"Neuroimage","first-page":"117307","article-title":"Normative vs. patient-specific brain connectivity in deep brain stimulation","volume":"224","author":"Wang Q","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Q, Akram H, Muthuraman M,  Normative vs. patient-specific brain connectivity in deep brain stimulation. 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