{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:10:14Z","timestamp":1772827814311,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Spinal column shortening (SCS) is an emerging alternative to traditional untethering in cases of secondary tethered cord syndrome. It was originally described and applied in adult patients with spinal dysraphism. In the more recent past, SCS has been used in pediatric patients. A comparison between pediatric and adult patients undergoing SCS has not been performed previously.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n A retrospective analysis was conducted on 19 patients (11 children, 8 adults) who underwent SCS procedures from November 30, 2020, to July 21, 2024, at the University of Oklahoma. Outcomes were assessed based on changes in pain, overall symptom burden, subjective bowel\/bladder symptoms, and objective testing of urodynamic function. The median follow-up period was 30 months (range 10\u201341 months).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n Most vertebral column resections were performed at the T12 level (79%), with T10\u2013L2 being the most common fusion level (68%). There were no significant preoperative differences in clinical features between children and adults. Both children and adults experienced significant reductions in pain (p = 0.002 and p = 0.018, respectively) and overall symptom burden (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively). Complete symptom resolution was achieved in 63% of children and 25% of adults. Improvements in objective urodynamic function were observed but were not statistically significant in either group (p = 0.082 for children, p = 0.351 for adults). However, only children reported significant improvement in bowel\/bladder function (p < 0.01). The difference in surgical metrics or postoperative clinical features was not significant between children and adults.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n SCS procedures appear to be effective in reducing pain and overall symptom burden in both pediatric and adult patients with complex tethered cord syndrome. SCS seems to improve bowel\/bladder symptoms in children specifically. Further research with larger cohorts and longer follow-up periods is warranted to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.12.peds24523","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T22:52:02Z","timestamp":1741992722000},"page":"497-504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of outcomes after spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome in pediatric versus adult patients: the University of Oklahoma experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Burak","family":"Ozaydin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kishore","family":"Balasubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"},{"name":"Texas A&M University Health Science Center College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Jea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Oklahoma Children\u2019s Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation","volume":"29","author":"Hertzler DA II","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hertzler DA II, DePowell JJ, Stevenson CB, Mangano FT. Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;29(1):E1."},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"958","article-title":"Spinal column shortening versus revision detethering for recurrent adult tethered cord syndrome: a preliminary comparison of perioperative and clinical outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Zhang C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Chang CC, Mummaneni PV, Spinal column shortening versus revision detethering for recurrent adult tethered cord syndrome: a preliminary comparison of perioperative and clinical outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32(6):958\u2013964."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome and similar complex disorders","volume":"23","author":"Yamada S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada S, Won DJ, Pezeshkpour G, Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome and similar complex disorders. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):E6."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"79","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Yamada S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamada S, Colohan AR, Won DJ. Tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10(1):79\u201381."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"624","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"McVeigh LG","year":"2022","unstructured":"McVeigh LG, Anokwute MC, Chen S, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2022;29(6):624\u2013633."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"607","article-title":"Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric surgery","volume":"32","author":"Pan J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan J, Boop SH, Barber JK, Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric surgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2023;32(5):607\u2013616."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"703","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome associated with myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipoma, and lipomyelomeningocele in children and young adults","volume":"19","author":"Aldave G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aldave G, Hansen D, Hwang SW, Moreno A, Brice\u00f1o V, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome associated with myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipoma, and lipomyelomeningocele in children and young adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19(6):703\u2013710."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"637","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy for recurrent tethered cord syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective analysis","volume":"88","author":"Theodore N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theodore N, Cottrill E, Kalb S, Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy for recurrent tethered cord syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(3):637\u2013647."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E168","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome in children: 2-dimensional operative video","volume":"16","author":"Archer J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Archer J, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome in children: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):E168."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"3","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome: radiographic, clinical, patient-reported, and urodynamic short-term outcomes","volume":"28","author":"McVeigh LG","year":"2021","unstructured":"McVeigh LG, Anokwute MC, Belal A, Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome: radiographic, clinical, patient-reported, and urodynamic short-term outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;28(1):3\u201312."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"37","article-title":"Congenital intraspinal lipomas: anatomic considerations and surgical treatment","volume":"9","author":"Chapman PH","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chapman PH. Congenital intraspinal lipomas: anatomic considerations and surgical treatment. Childs Brain. 1982;9(1):37\u201347."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"278","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy: a novel surgical approach for the treatment of multiple recurrences of tethered cord syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh PC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsieh PC, Ondra SL, Grande AW, Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy: a novel surgical approach for the treatment of multiple recurrences of tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10(4):278\u2013286."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"21","article-title":"Spine-shortening osteotomy for patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by lipomyelomeningocele","volume":"15","author":"Kokubun S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kokubun S, Ozawa H, Aizawa T, Ly NM, Tanaka Y. Spine-shortening osteotomy for patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by lipomyelomeningocele. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(1):21\u201327."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e041877","article-title":"Symptom burden in multimorbidity: a population-based combined questionnaire and registry study from Denmark","volume":"11","author":"Willadsen TG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willadsen TG, Siersma V, Nicolaisdottir DR, Symptom burden in multimorbidity: a population-based combined questionnaire and registry study from Denmark. BMJ Open. 2021;11(4):e041877."},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"468","article-title":"Surgical management and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"46","author":"Kang JK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang JK, Yoon KJ, Ha SS, Lee IW, Jeun SS, Kang SG. Surgical management and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009;46(5):468\u2013471."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1728","article-title":"Design and methodological considerations of the centers for disease control and prevention urologic and renal protocol for the newborn and young child with spina bifida","volume":"196","author":"Routh JC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Routh JC, Cheng EY, Austin JC, Design and methodological considerations of the centers for disease control and prevention urologic and renal protocol for the newborn and young child with spina bifida. J Urol. 2016;196(6):1728\u20131734."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E1","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation","volume":"29","author":"Hertzler DA II","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hertzler DA II, DePowell JJ, Stevenson CB, Mangano FT. Tethered cord syndrome: a review of the literature from embryology to adult presentation. Neurosurg Focus. 2010;29(1):E1."},{"issue":"6","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"958","article-title":"Spinal column shortening versus revision detethering for recurrent adult tethered cord syndrome: a preliminary comparison of perioperative and clinical outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Zhang C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang C, Chang CC, Mummaneni PV, Spinal column shortening versus revision detethering for recurrent adult tethered cord syndrome: a preliminary comparison of perioperative and clinical outcomes. J Neurosurg Spine. 2020;32(6):958\u2013964."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E6","article-title":"Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome and similar complex disorders","volume":"23","author":"Yamada S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Yamada S, Won DJ, Pezeshkpour G, Pathophysiology of tethered cord syndrome and similar complex disorders. Neurosurg Focus. 2007;23(2):E6."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"79","article-title":"Tethered cord syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Yamada S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yamada S, Colohan AR, Won DJ. Tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10(1):79\u201381."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"624","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"McVeigh LG","year":"2022","unstructured":"McVeigh LG, Anokwute MC, Chen S, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome: a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2022;29(6):624\u2013633."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"607","article-title":"Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric surgery","volume":"32","author":"Pan J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pan J, Boop SH, Barber JK, Perioperative complications and secondary retethering after pediatric surgery. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2023;32(5):607\u2013616."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"703","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome associated with myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipoma, and lipomyelomeningocele in children and young adults","volume":"19","author":"Aldave G","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aldave G, Hansen D, Hwang SW, Moreno A, Brice\u00f1o V, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for tethered cord syndrome associated with myelomeningocele, lumbosacral lipoma, and lipomyelomeningocele in children and young adults. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2017;19(6):703\u2013710."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"637","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy for recurrent tethered cord syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective analysis","volume":"88","author":"Theodore N","year":"2021","unstructured":"Theodore N, Cottrill E, Kalb S, Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy for recurrent tethered cord syndrome: a multicenter, retrospective analysis. Neurosurgery. 2021;88(3):637\u2013647."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"E168","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome in children: 2-dimensional operative video","volume":"16","author":"Archer J","year":"2019","unstructured":"Archer J, Jea A. Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome in children: 2-dimensional operative video. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;16(6):E168."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"3","article-title":"Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome: radiographic, clinical, patient-reported, and urodynamic short-term outcomes","volume":"28","author":"McVeigh LG","year":"2021","unstructured":"McVeigh LG, Anokwute MC, Belal A, Spinal column shortening for secondary tethered cord syndrome: radiographic, clinical, patient-reported, and urodynamic short-term outcomes. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;28(1):3\u201312."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"Childs Brain","first-page":"37","article-title":"Congenital intraspinal lipomas: anatomic considerations and surgical treatment","volume":"9","author":"Chapman PH","year":"1982","unstructured":"Chapman PH. Congenital intraspinal lipomas: anatomic considerations and surgical treatment. Childs Brain. 1982;9(1):37\u201347."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"278","article-title":"Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy: a novel surgical approach for the treatment of multiple recurrences of tethered cord syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Hsieh PC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsieh PC, Ondra SL, Grande AW, Posterior vertebral column subtraction osteotomy: a novel surgical approach for the treatment of multiple recurrences of tethered cord syndrome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2009;10(4):278\u2013286."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"21","article-title":"Spine-shortening osteotomy for patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by lipomyelomeningocele","volume":"15","author":"Kokubun S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kokubun S, Ozawa H, Aizawa T, Ly NM, Tanaka Y. Spine-shortening osteotomy for patients with tethered cord syndrome caused by lipomyelomeningocele. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;15(1):21\u201327."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"BMJ Open","first-page":"e041877","article-title":"Symptom burden in multimorbidity: a population-based combined questionnaire and registry study from Denmark","volume":"11","author":"Willadsen TG","year":"2021","unstructured":"Willadsen TG, Siersma V, Nicolaisdottir DR, Symptom burden in multimorbidity: a population-based combined questionnaire and registry study from Denmark. BMJ Open. 2021;11(4):e041877."},{"issue":"5","key":"b15","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"468","article-title":"Surgical management and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults","volume":"46","author":"Kang JK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kang JK, Yoon KJ, Ha SS, Lee IW, Jeun SS, Kang SG. Surgical management and outcome of tethered cord syndrome in school-aged children, adolescents, and young adults. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2009;46(5):468\u2013471."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"J Urol","first-page":"1728","article-title":"Design and methodological considerations of the centers for disease control and prevention urologic and renal protocol for the newborn and young child with spina bifida","volume":"196","author":"Routh JC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Routh JC, Cheng EY, Austin JC, Design and methodological considerations of the centers for disease control and prevention urologic and renal protocol for the newborn and young child with spina bifida. J Urol. 2016;196(6):1728\u20131734."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/35\/5\/article-p497.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/35\/5\/article-p497.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/35\/5\/article-p497.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:46:09Z","timestamp":1772804769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-pediatr\/35\/5\/article-p497.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.12.peds24523","relation":{},"ISSN":["1933-0707","1933-0715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1933-0707","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0715","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}