{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T08:16:55Z","timestamp":1784794615834,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Numerous studies have investigated the impact of inflammatory factors in cancer, yet few attempts have been made to investigate these markers in skull base chordoma (SBC). Inflammatory values including neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune inflammation index (SII), and systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) can serve as prognostic markers in various cancers. This study aimed to determine whether these inflammatory factors influence overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with primary SBC.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The electronic medical records of patients with primary SBC who underwent resection from 2001 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed for the associations of sex, age at diagnosis, preoperative steroid use, tumor volume, extent of resection, adjuvant radiation after surgery, tumor metastasis, Ki-67 index, percent homozygous deletion of 9p23 and percent 1p36 loss, and potential prognostic inflammatory markers of NLR, PLR, LMR, SII, and SIRI with the primary outcome measures of OS and PFS. Maximum log-rank statistical tests were used to determine inflammatory marker thresholds for grouping prior to Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards analysis for OS and PFS of the elucidated groups.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n \n The cohort included 115 primary SBC patients. The mean \u00b1 SD tumor volume was 23.0 \u00b1 28.0 cm\n 3<\/jats:sup>\n , 73% of patients received gross-total resection, 40% received postoperative radiation, 25% had local recurrence, and 6% had subsequent metastatic disease (mean follow-up 47.2 months). Univariable Cox analysis revealed that NLR (p < 0.01), PLR (p = 0.04), LMR (p = 0.04), SII (p < 0.01), and SIRI (p < 0.01) were independently associated with PFS. Additionally, NLR (p = 0.05) and SII (p = 0.03) were significant in multivariable Cox analysis of PFS. However, both univariable and multivariable Cox analysis revealed no correlations with OS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The routine assessment of inflammatory biomarkers such as NLR and SIRI could have prognostic value in postresection SBC patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.2.focus2421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,4]],"date-time":"2024-05-04T04:51:01Z","timestamp":1714798261000},"page":"E16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The utility of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting overall survival and recurrence in skull base chordoma"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Meagan","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary C.","family":"Gersey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nallammai","family":"Muthiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussein M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tritan","family":"Plute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hussam","family":"Abou-Al-Shaar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl H.","family":"Snyderman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios A.","family":"Zenonos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul A.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurological Surgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer Causes Control","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995","volume":"12","author":"McMaster ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"McMaster ML, Goldstein AM, Bromley CM, Ishibe N, Parry DM. Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(1):1\u201311."},{"issue":"11","key":"b2","series-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Novel therapeutic targets in chordoma","volume":"16","author":"Bydon M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bydon M, Papadimitriou K, Witham T, Novel therapeutic targets in chordoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2012;16(11):1139\u20131143."},{"issue":"11","key":"b3","series-title":"Oncologist","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor","volume":"12","author":"Chugh R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chugh R, Tawbi H, Lucas DR, Biermann JS, Schuetze SM, Baker LH. Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor. Oncologist. 2007;12(11):1344\u20131350."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Curr Probl Cancer","first-page":"100771","article-title":"Chordoma: current status, problems, and future directions","volume":"45","author":"Wedekind MF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wedekind MF, Widemann BC, Cote G. Chordoma: current status, problems, and future directions. Curr Probl Cancer. 2021;45(4):100771."},{"issue":"11","key":"b5","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e19187","article-title":"Hemorrhagic skull base chordoma presenting as chordoma apoplexy","volume":"13","author":"Uysal E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uysal E, Cohen MA, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Palmer C, Couldwell W. Hemorrhagic skull base chordoma presenting as chordoma apoplexy. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19187."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"307","article-title":"Prognostic factors in skull base chordoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Zou MX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou MX, Lv GH, Zhang QS, Wang SF, Li J, Wang XB. Prognostic factors in skull base chordoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:307\u2013327."},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Bin-Alamer O","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bin-Alamer O, Mallela AN, Palmisciano P, Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus. 2022;53(5):E5."},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Prognostic factors in the operative management of sacral chordomas","volume":"84","author":"Kayani B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayani B, Sewell MD, Tan KA, Prognostic factors in the operative management of sacral chordomas. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(5):1354\u20131361."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Current comprehensive management of cranial base chordomas: 10-year meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"115","author":"Di Maio S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Di Maio S, Temkin N, Ramanathan D, Sekhar LN. Current comprehensive management of cranial base chordomas: 10-year meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(6):1094\u20131105."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"182","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic review of 48 cases of chordoma","volume":"56","author":"Rich TA","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rich TA, Schiller A, Suit HD, Mankin HJ. Clinical and pathologic review of 48 cases of chordoma. Cancer. 1985;56(1):182\u2013187."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"27","article-title":"Chordoma: an analysis of twenty cases treated over a twenty-year span","volume":"7","author":"Ariel IM","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ariel IM, Verdu C. Chordoma: an analysis of twenty cases treated over a twenty-year span. J Surg Oncol. 1975;7(1):27\u201344."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"220","article-title":"Medical treatment of advanced chordomas","volume":"83","author":"Colia V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colia V, Stacchiotti S. Medical treatment of advanced chordomas. Eur J Cancer. 2017;83:220\u2013228."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution","volume":"10","author":"Baratti D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baratti D, Gronchi A, Pennacchioli E, Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(3):291\u2013296."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"883","article-title":"Immunity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"140","author":"Grivennikov SI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883\u2013899."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Coloproctol","first-page":"97","article-title":"Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer","volume":"38","author":"An S","year":"2022","unstructured":"An S, Shim H, Kim K, Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer. Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(2):97\u2013108."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the preoperative setting for progression of patients with breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Goto W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goto W, Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, Predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the preoperative setting for progression of patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1137."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"360","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Cupp MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cupp MA, Cariolou M, Tzoulaki I, Aune D, Evangelou E, Berlanga-Taylor AJ. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):360."},{"issue":"82","key":"b18","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"35293","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors","volume":"9","author":"Li C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Tian W, Zhao F, Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors. Oncotarget. 2018;9(82):35293\u201335299."},{"issue":"12","key":"b19","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"2455","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), cancer stem cells and survival of localised gastric adenocarcinoma after curative resection","volume":"143","author":"Li S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li S, Lan X, Gao H, Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), cancer stem cells and survival of localised gastric adenocarcinoma after curative resection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017;143(12):2455\u20132468."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Transl Oncol","first-page":"444","article-title":"Lymphocyte-related inflammation and immune-based scores predict prognosis of chordoma patients after radical resection","volume":"11","author":"Hu W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu W, Yu J, Huang Y, Hu F, Zhang X, Wang Y. Lymphocyte-related inflammation and immune-based scores predict prognosis of chordoma patients after radical resection. Transl Oncol. 2018;11(2):444\u2013449."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"548325","article-title":"Clinical implication of systemic immune-inflammation index and prognostic nutritional index in skull base chordoma patients","volume":"11","author":"Li M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li M, Bai J, Wang S, Clinical implication of systemic immune-inflammation index and prognostic nutritional index in skull base chordoma patients. Front Oncol. 2021;11:548325."},{"issue":"5","key":"b22","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"773","article-title":"Influence of dosage, method and duration of administration on the degree of leukocytosis","volume":"71","author":"Shoenfeld Y","year":"1981","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Gurewich Y, Gallant LA, Pinkhas J. Prednisone-induced leukocytosis. Influence of dosage, method and duration of administration on the degree of leukocytosis. Am J Med. 1981;71(5):773\u2013778."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"52","article-title":"Evaluation of 1p36 markers and clinical outcome in a skull base chordoma study","volume":"10","author":"Longoni M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Longoni M, Orzan F, Stroppi M, Boari N, Mortini P, Riva P. Evaluation of 1p36 markers and clinical outcome in a skull base chordoma study. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(1):52\u201360."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"601","article-title":"An integrated management paradigm for skull base chordoma based on clinical and molecular characteristics","volume":"82","author":"Abdallah HM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdallah HM, Gersey ZC, Muthiah N, An integrated management paradigm for skull base chordoma based on clinical and molecular characteristics. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2021;82(6):601\u2013607."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Trends Immunol","first-page":"41","article-title":"Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"37","author":"Powell DR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Powell DR, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(1):41\u201352."},{"issue":"5","key":"b26","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"582","article-title":"Platelets at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"126","author":"Franco AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franco AT, Corken A, Ware J. Platelets at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Blood. 2015;126(5):582\u2013588."},{"issue":"11","key":"b27","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"e493","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness","volume":"15","author":"Diakos CI","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):e493\u2013e503."},{"issue":"7","key":"b28","series-title":"Am J Transl Res","first-page":"3274","article-title":"Expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with favorable spinal chordoma prognosis","volume":"8","author":"Zou MX","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zou MX, Peng AB, Lv GH, Expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with favorable spinal chordoma prognosis. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8(7):3274\u20133287."},{"issue":"13","key":"b29","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"11139","article-title":"Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prevalence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in chordoma","volume":"6","author":"Feng Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng Y, Shen J, Gao Y, Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prevalence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in chordoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(13):11139\u201311149."},{"key":"b30","series-title":"World J Surg Oncol","first-page":"111","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with chordoma of lumbar spine and sacrum\u2014a single center pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Hobusch GM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hobusch GM, Bodner F, Walzer S, C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with chordoma of lumbar spine and sacrum\u2014a single center pilot study. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14:111."},{"issue":"5","key":"b31","series-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)","first-page":"663","article-title":"The role of TNF-\u03b1 in chordoma progression and inflammatory pathways","volume":"42","author":"Gulluoglu S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gulluoglu S, Tuysuz EC, Sahin M, The role of TNF-\u03b1 in chordoma progression and inflammatory pathways. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2019;42(5):663\u2013677."},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of TNF in cancer","volume":"49","author":"Wajant H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wajant H. The role of TNF in cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2009;49:1\u201315."},{"issue":"18","key":"b33","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"3788","article-title":"IL17 promotes mammary tumor progression by changing the behavior of tumor cells and eliciting tumorigenic neutrophils recruitment","volume":"75","author":"Benevides L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benevides L, da Fonseca DM, Donate PB, IL17 promotes mammary tumor progression by changing the behavior of tumor cells and eliciting tumorigenic neutrophils recruitment. Cancer Res. 2015;75(18):3788\u20133799."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Cancer Causes Control","first-page":"1","article-title":"Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995","volume":"12","author":"McMaster ML","year":"2001","unstructured":"McMaster ML, Goldstein AM, Bromley CM, Ishibe N, Parry DM. Chordoma: incidence and survival patterns in the United States, 1973-1995. Cancer Causes Control. 2001;12(1):1\u201311."},{"issue":"11","key":"b2","series-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets","first-page":"1139","article-title":"Novel therapeutic targets in chordoma","volume":"16","author":"Bydon M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bydon M, Papadimitriou K, Witham T, Novel therapeutic targets in chordoma. Expert Opin Ther Targets. 2012;16(11):1139\u20131143."},{"issue":"11","key":"b3","series-title":"Oncologist","first-page":"1344","article-title":"Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor","volume":"12","author":"Chugh R","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chugh R, Tawbi H, Lucas DR, Biermann JS, Schuetze SM, Baker LH. Chordoma: the nonsarcoma primary bone tumor. Oncologist. 2007;12(11):1344\u20131350."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Curr Probl Cancer","first-page":"100771","article-title":"Chordoma: current status, problems, and future directions","volume":"45","author":"Wedekind MF","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wedekind MF, Widemann BC, Cote G. Chordoma: current status, problems, and future directions. Curr Probl Cancer. 2021;45(4):100771."},{"issue":"11","key":"b5","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e19187","article-title":"Hemorrhagic skull base chordoma presenting as chordoma apoplexy","volume":"13","author":"Uysal E","year":"2021","unstructured":"Uysal E, Cohen MA, Abou-Al-Shaar H, Palmer C, Couldwell W. Hemorrhagic skull base chordoma presenting as chordoma apoplexy. Cureus. 2021;13(11):e19187."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"307","article-title":"Prognostic factors in skull base chordoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Zou MX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou MX, Lv GH, Zhang QS, Wang SF, Li J, Wang XB. Prognostic factors in skull base chordoma: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:307\u2013327."},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"Bin-Alamer O","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bin-Alamer O, Mallela AN, Palmisciano P, Adjuvant stereotactic radiosurgery with or without postoperative fractionated radiation therapy in adults with skull base chordomas: a systematic review. Neurosurg Focus. 2022;53(5):E5."},{"issue":"5","key":"b8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1354","article-title":"Prognostic factors in the operative management of sacral chordomas","volume":"84","author":"Kayani B","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kayani B, Sewell MD, Tan KA, Prognostic factors in the operative management of sacral chordomas. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(5):1354\u20131361."},{"issue":"6","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Current comprehensive management of cranial base chordomas: 10-year meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"115","author":"Di Maio S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Di Maio S, Temkin N, Ramanathan D, Sekhar LN. Current comprehensive management of cranial base chordomas: 10-year meta-analysis of observational studies. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(6):1094\u20131105."},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"Cancer","first-page":"182","article-title":"Clinical and pathologic review of 48 cases of chordoma","volume":"56","author":"Rich TA","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rich TA, Schiller A, Suit HD, Mankin HJ. Clinical and pathologic review of 48 cases of chordoma. Cancer. 1985;56(1):182\u2013187."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Surg Oncol","first-page":"27","article-title":"Chordoma: an analysis of twenty cases treated over a twenty-year span","volume":"7","author":"Ariel IM","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ariel IM, Verdu C. Chordoma: an analysis of twenty cases treated over a twenty-year span. J Surg Oncol. 1975;7(1):27\u201344."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"Eur J Cancer","first-page":"220","article-title":"Medical treatment of advanced chordomas","volume":"83","author":"Colia V","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colia V, Stacchiotti S. Medical treatment of advanced chordomas. Eur J Cancer. 2017;83:220\u2013228."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Ann Surg Oncol","first-page":"291","article-title":"Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution","volume":"10","author":"Baratti D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Baratti D, Gronchi A, Pennacchioli E, Chordoma: natural history and results in 28 patients treated at a single institution. Ann Surg Oncol. 2003;10(3):291\u2013296."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"Cell","first-page":"883","article-title":"Immunity, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"140","author":"Grivennikov SI","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grivennikov SI, Greten FR, Karin M. Immunity, inflammation, and cancer. Cell. 2010;140(6):883\u2013899."},{"issue":"2","key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Coloproctol","first-page":"97","article-title":"Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer","volume":"38","author":"An S","year":"2022","unstructured":"An S, Shim H, Kim K, Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer. Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(2):97\u2013108."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"1137","article-title":"Predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the preoperative setting for progression of patients with breast cancer","volume":"18","author":"Goto W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Goto W, Kashiwagi S, Asano Y, Predictive value of lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in the preoperative setting for progression of patients with breast cancer. BMC Cancer. 2018;18(1):1137."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"BMC Med","first-page":"360","article-title":"Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Cupp MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cupp MA, Cariolou M, Tzoulaki I, Aune D, Evangelou E, Berlanga-Taylor AJ. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and cancer prognosis: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. BMC Med. 2020;18(1):360."},{"issue":"82","key":"b18","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"35293","article-title":"Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors","volume":"9","author":"Li C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li C, Tian W, Zhao F, Systemic immune-inflammation index, SII, for prognosis of elderly patients with newly diagnosed tumors. Oncotarget. 2018;9(82):35293\u201335299."},{"issue":"12","key":"b19","series-title":"J Cancer Res Clin Oncol","first-page":"2455","article-title":"Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), cancer stem cells and survival of localised gastric adenocarcinoma after curative resection","volume":"143","author":"Li S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li S, Lan X, Gao H, Systemic Inflammation Response Index (SIRI), cancer stem cells and survival of localised gastric adenocarcinoma after curative resection. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2017;143(12):2455\u20132468."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Transl Oncol","first-page":"444","article-title":"Lymphocyte-related inflammation and immune-based scores predict prognosis of chordoma patients after radical resection","volume":"11","author":"Hu W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hu W, Yu J, Huang Y, Hu F, Zhang X, Wang Y. Lymphocyte-related inflammation and immune-based scores predict prognosis of chordoma patients after radical resection. Transl Oncol. 2018;11(2):444\u2013449."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"548325","article-title":"Clinical implication of systemic immune-inflammation index and prognostic nutritional index in skull base chordoma patients","volume":"11","author":"Li M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li M, Bai J, Wang S, Clinical implication of systemic immune-inflammation index and prognostic nutritional index in skull base chordoma patients. Front Oncol. 2021;11:548325."},{"issue":"5","key":"b22","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"773","article-title":"Influence of dosage, method and duration of administration on the degree of leukocytosis","volume":"71","author":"Shoenfeld Y","year":"1981","unstructured":"Shoenfeld Y, Gurewich Y, Gallant LA, Pinkhas J. Prednisone-induced leukocytosis. Influence of dosage, method and duration of administration on the degree of leukocytosis. Am J Med. 1981;71(5):773\u2013778."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"52","article-title":"Evaluation of 1p36 markers and clinical outcome in a skull base chordoma study","volume":"10","author":"Longoni M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Longoni M, Orzan F, Stroppi M, Boari N, Mortini P, Riva P. Evaluation of 1p36 markers and clinical outcome in a skull base chordoma study. Neuro Oncol. 2008;10(1):52\u201360."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"601","article-title":"An integrated management paradigm for skull base chordoma based on clinical and molecular characteristics","volume":"82","author":"Abdallah HM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abdallah HM, Gersey ZC, Muthiah N, An integrated management paradigm for skull base chordoma based on clinical and molecular characteristics. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2021;82(6):601\u2013607."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Trends Immunol","first-page":"41","article-title":"Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment","volume":"37","author":"Powell DR","year":"2016","unstructured":"Powell DR, Huttenlocher A. Neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment. Trends Immunol. 2016;37(1):41\u201352."},{"issue":"5","key":"b26","series-title":"Blood","first-page":"582","article-title":"Platelets at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer","volume":"126","author":"Franco AT","year":"2015","unstructured":"Franco AT, Corken A, Ware J. Platelets at the interface of thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Blood. 2015;126(5):582\u2013588."},{"issue":"11","key":"b27","series-title":"Lancet Oncol","first-page":"e493","article-title":"Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness","volume":"15","author":"Diakos CI","year":"2014","unstructured":"Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15(11):e493\u2013e503."},{"issue":"7","key":"b28","series-title":"Am J Transl Res","first-page":"3274","article-title":"Expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with favorable spinal chordoma prognosis","volume":"8","author":"Zou MX","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zou MX, Peng AB, Lv GH, Expression of programmed death-1 ligand (PD-L1) in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is associated with favorable spinal chordoma prognosis. Am J Transl Res. 2016;8(7):3274\u20133287."},{"issue":"13","key":"b29","series-title":"Oncotarget","first-page":"11139","article-title":"Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prevalence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in chordoma","volume":"6","author":"Feng Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feng Y, Shen J, Gao Y, Expression of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and prevalence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in chordoma. Oncotarget. 2015;6(13):11139\u201311149."},{"key":"b30","series-title":"World J Surg Oncol","first-page":"111","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with chordoma of lumbar spine and sacrum\u2014a single center pilot study","volume":"14","author":"Hobusch GM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hobusch GM, Bodner F, Walzer S, C-reactive protein as a prognostic factor in patients with chordoma of lumbar spine and sacrum\u2014a single center pilot study. World J Surg Oncol. 2016;14:111."},{"issue":"5","key":"b31","series-title":"Cell Oncol (Dordr)","first-page":"663","article-title":"The role of TNF-\u03b1 in chordoma progression and inflammatory pathways","volume":"42","author":"Gulluoglu S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gulluoglu S, Tuysuz EC, Sahin M, The role of TNF-\u03b1 in chordoma progression and inflammatory pathways. Cell Oncol (Dordr). 2019;42(5):663\u2013677."},{"key":"b32","series-title":"Results Probl Cell Differ","first-page":"1","article-title":"The role of TNF in cancer","volume":"49","author":"Wajant H","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wajant H. The role of TNF in cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ. 2009;49:1\u201315."},{"issue":"18","key":"b33","series-title":"Cancer Res","first-page":"3788","article-title":"IL17 promotes mammary tumor progression by changing the behavior of tumor cells and eliciting tumorigenic neutrophils recruitment","volume":"75","author":"Benevides L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Benevides L, da Fonseca DM, Donate PB, IL17 promotes mammary tumor progression by changing the behavior of tumor cells and eliciting tumorigenic neutrophils recruitment. Cancer Res. 2015;75(18):3788\u20133799."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/5\/article-pE16.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/5\/article-pE16.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/5\/article-pE16.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:49:34Z","timestamp":1780130974000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/56\/5\/article-pE16.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.2.focus2421","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}}}