{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:26:48Z","timestamp":1790864808892,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective was to demonstrate the surgical steps and outcomes of the sublabial transmaxillary microsurgical approach with endoscopic assistance to treat lesions in the inferior aspect of the orbit, as well as to describe the use of patient-specific 3D models to facilitate surgical preparation and improve experience with the technique.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors\u2019 study evaluated data from patients who underwent an endoscope-assisted sublabial transmaxillary approach for inferior orbital lesions. For 2 patients, 3D models were created for preoperative planning and assessment of the approach. Surgical steps comprised osteotomy to access the maxillary sinus, bony resection of the orbital floor, opening of the periorbital fascia, and dissecting and removing the lesion, followed by closure. The neuroendoscope was used to inspect the surgical cavity between each step.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 5 patients with varying visual field defects and proptosis who underwent the sublabial transmaxillary microsurgical approach with endoscopic assistance. Complete resection was achieved in all, and all patients reported improvement in visual field defects and proptosis after the procedure. No complications were observed except for transient unilateral maxillary edema noted around the incision site in 3 patients during the early postoperative period, which resolved within a few days. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of cavernous malformation in all patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sublabial transmaxillary approach is a direct and safe method to resect cavernous malformations at the inferior aspect of the orbit. It reduces the risk of complications associated with lateral, transcranial, and transnasal approaches that may cross critical structures. The microsurgical approach provides the benefit of two-handed dissection for lesions embedded in orbital fat, which can be challenging because of adhesions to surrounding tissues. The use of 3D models can facilitate surgical planning and enhance familiarity with the approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.4.jns232838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]],"date-time":"2024-08-09T21:30:22Z","timestamp":1723239022000},"page":"517-528","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sublabial transmaxillary approach to the inferior aspect of the orbit"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"142","author":[{"given":"Y\u00fccel","family":"Do\u011fruel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Health Sciences University, Tepecik Training and Research Hospital, \u0130zmir, T\u00fcrkiye; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abuzer","family":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istinye University, Faculty of Medicine, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"T\u00fcre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, \u0130stanbul, T\u00fcrkiye;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"U\u011fur","family":"T\u00fcre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"409","article-title":"Surgery around the orbit: how to select an approach","volume":"81","author":"Locatelli D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Locatelli D, Dallan I, Castelnuovo P. 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