{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T14:12:52Z","timestamp":1780063972096,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Imaging surveillance with serial MRI, or a \"wait-and-scan\" approach, is a management option for patients with small or medium-sized vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Prior publications have indicated no distinct quality of life advantage to upfront treatment compared with initial wait-and-scan management. However, imaging surveillance is dependent on patient adherence to follow-up. In this study, the authors aimed to identify rates and predictors of patient loss to follow-up during wait-and-scan management of sporadic VS.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A single-center study was conducted including all patients from 2013 to 2018 who had undergone upfront imaging surveillance of sporadic VS. Patient data were retrospectively obtained from the electronic medical record. Outcomes of interest included loss to follow-up unrelated to death and inconsistent adherence to imaging surveillance recommendations. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate factors associated with loss to follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Over a 6-year study period, 270 patients underwent initial imaging surveillance of a sporadic VS. The median tumor diameter was 8.6 mm (range 1\u201328.9 mm). At the time of censoring, 106 patients (39.3%) had received treatment, 157 (58.1%) had been advised to continue follow-up, and 7 (2.6%) had died of non\u2013VS-related causes. In total, 73 patients (27.0%) were completely lost to follow-up prior to the first treatment or death. Additionally, 60 patients (22.2%) missed at least 1 MRI follow-up or imaging follow-up was delayed by more than 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression identified an out-of-state residence (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.58\u20135.89, p = 0.0009) and a smaller tumor size (unit OR per 1-mm increase in size, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83\u20130.95, p = 0.0006) to be associated with loss to follow-up. Patients living \u2265 350 miles from the hospital or with tumors \u2264 3 mm at the time of initial clinic evaluation were most likely to be lost to follow-up. Only a smaller tumor size was associated with an increased risk of inconsistent imaging follow-up (unit OR per 1-mm increase in size, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87\u20130.98, p = 0.007).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patients undergoing imaging surveillance of VS are at risk for loss to follow-up and inconsistent imaging surveillance. Patients with smaller tumors or those living farther away from the treating institution are at highest risk for being lost to follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.6.jns232904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,19]],"date-time":"2024-10-19T01:32:17Z","timestamp":1729301537000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Rates and predictors of loss to follow-up for sporadic vestibular schwannomas undergoing imaging surveillance"],"prefix":"10.3171","author":[{"given":"Ramin A.","family":"Morshed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Bauman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Alexander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Saez","family":"Alegre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Peris Celda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie J.","family":"Van Gompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Neff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"Carlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Colin L.","family":"Driscoll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Link","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Otolaryngology\u2013Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1335","article-title":"Vestibular schwannomas","volume":"384","author":"Carlson ML Link","year":"2021","unstructured":"Carlson ML Link,  MJ Link. Vestibular schwannomas. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(14):1335\u20131348."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"300","article-title":"Evolution in management trends of sporadic vestibular schwannoma in the United States over the last half-century","volume":"42","author":"SA Chan","year":"2021","unstructured":"SA Chan,  JP Marinelli,  DL Hahs-Vaughn,  C Nye,  MJ Link,  ML Carlson. Evolution in management trends of sporadic vestibular schwannoma in the United States over the last half-century. Otol Neurotol. 2021;42(2):300\u2013305."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E35","article-title":"Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on hearing preservation outcomes in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas","volume":"82","author":"ML Carlson","year":"2018","unstructured":"ML Carlson,  EX Vivas,  DJ McCracken,  Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on hearing preservation outcomes in patients with sporadic vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 2018;82(2):E35\u2013E39."},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"604","article-title":"Hearing preservation in observed sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"KR Khandalavala","year":"2022","unstructured":"KR Khandalavala,  ES Saba,  A Kocharyan,  Hearing preservation in observed sporadic vestibular schwannoma: a systematic review. 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