{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:20:45Z","timestamp":1785507645387,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Microvascular decompression (MVD) in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is currently managed using an operating microscope (OM). Recent experiences with endoscopy-assisted, fully endoscopic, and exoscopic surgery have been described, aiming to improve ergonomics and image quality. The aim of this study was to report the first series of patients operated on with the aid of a robotic binocular exoscope using a head-mounted display (RoboticScope).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From September 2023 to March 2024, 9 patients with TN were treated using the RoboticScope. A classic mini-retrosigmoid approach was performed and standard microsurgical techniques were applied. Surgical timing, ergonomics, visual performances, adverse events, and 1-month postoperative pain outcomes were evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All surgeries were completed without shifting to the OM. Surgeon comfort with the RoboticScope was better compared with the OM and visualization was good. No intraoperative adverse events were recorded. The duration of the procedure was significantly shorter with the RoboticScope compared to those using the OM (median 18 vs 34 minutes, p = 0.0001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MVD can be safely and effectively performed using the RoboticScope. Surgeons benefit from better ergonomics, stereoscopic image quality, and shorter surgical duration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.9.focus24373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T08:25:04Z","timestamp":1733041504000},"page":"E9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia using a robot-assisted exoscope and head-mounted display"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Zefferino","family":"Rossini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Pia","family":"Tropeano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Franzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ettore","family":"Bresciani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro Emiliano","family":"Doneddu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umberto","family":"Pensato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico","family":"Pessina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University; and"},{"name":"Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"629","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders","volume":"33","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629\u2013808."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"220","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research","volume":"87","author":"Cruccu G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cruccu G, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS,  Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research. Neurology. 2016;87(2):220\u2013228."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"639","article-title":"A history of the Jannetta procedure","volume":"132","author":"Kaufmann AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaufmann AM, Price AV. A history of the Jannetta procedure. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(2):639\u2013646."},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Surgical technique for trigeminal microvascular decompression","volume":"154","author":"Broggi G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Broggi G, Broggi M, Ferroli P, Franzini A. Surgical technique for trigeminal microvascular decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(6):1089\u20131095."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"292","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical note and early outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Guan H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan H, Li S, Wang X. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical note and early outcomes. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46(1):292."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Endoscopic versus open microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Zagzoog N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zagzoog N, Attar A, Takroni R, Alotaibi MB, Reddy K. Endoscopic versus open microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(5):1532\u20131540."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"647","article-title":"A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression","volume":"126","author":"Li Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Mao F, Cheng F, Peng C, Guo D, Wang B. A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:647\u2013655.e7."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"136","article-title":"The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects","volume":"124","author":"Ricciardi L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ricciardi L, Chaichana KL, Cardia A,  The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects. World Neurosurg. 2019;124:136\u2013144."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"84","article-title":"Advances in intraoperative optics: a brief review of current exoscope platforms","volume":"19","author":"Langer DJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langer DJ, White TG, Schulder M, Boockvar JA, Labib M, Lawton MT. Advances in intraoperative optics: a brief review of current exoscope platforms. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2020;19(1):84\u201393."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"30","article-title":"Usefulness of endoscope-assisted surgery under exoscopic view in skull base surgery: a technical note","volume":"13","author":"Yano S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yano S, Hiraoka F, Morita H,  Usefulness of endoscope-assisted surgery under exoscopic view in skull base surgery: a technical note. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:30."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures","volume":"105","author":"Oertel JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oertel JM, Burkhardt BW. Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures. World Neurosurg. 2017;105:153\u2013162."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e539","article-title":"Functionality and usability of the exoscope in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"179","author":"Hashikata H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hashikata H, Maki Y, Futamura G,  Functionality and usability of the exoscope in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. World Neurosurg. 2023;179:e539\u2013e548."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"310","article-title":"The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression","volume":"103","author":"Nagata Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagatani T, Takeuchi K, Chu J, Wakabayashi T. The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression. World Neurosurg. 2017;103:310\u2013314."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"374","article-title":"Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Herta J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herta J, R\u00f6ssler K, Dorfer C. Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2022;23(5):374\u2013381."},{"key":"b15","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg","volume":"174","author":"Takahashi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Toda M, Nishimoto M,  Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;174:57\u201362."},{"issue":"pt A","key":"b16","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"319","article-title":"Preferred reporting of case series in surgery; the PROCESS guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Agha RA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Rajmohan S, Barai I, Orgill DP. Preferred reporting of case series in surgery; the PROCESS guidelines. Int J Surg. 2016;36(pt A):319-323."},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","first-page":"e2498","article-title":"Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of the lumbar spine using a novel robotised digital microscope: a preliminary experience","volume":"19","author":"Rossini Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rossini Z, Tropeano MP, Franzini A,  Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of the lumbar spine using a novel robotised digital microscope: a preliminary experience. Int J Med Robot. 2023;19(2):e2498."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Brain Spine","first-page":"100855","article-title":"Surgeon\u2019s comfort: the ergonomics of a robotic exoscope using a head-mounted display","volume":"2","author":"Abramovic A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abramovic A, Demetz M, Krigers A,  Surgeon\u2019s comfort: the ergonomics of a robotic exoscope using a head-mounted display. Brain Spine. 2021;2:100855."},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONSE489","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical case report","volume":"59","author":"Teo C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teo C, Nakaji P, Mobbs RJ. Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2006;59(4 Suppl 2):ONSE489\u2013ONSE490."},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1709","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for neurovascular conflicts in the cerebello-pontine angle: which role for endoscopy?","volume":"155","author":"Broggi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broggi M, Acerbi F, Ferroli P, Tringali G, Schiariti M, Broggi G. Microvascular decompression for neurovascular conflicts in the cerebello-pontine angle: which role for endoscopy? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(9):1709\u20131716."},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes","volume":"54","author":"Rak R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rak R, Sekhar LN, Stimac D, Hechl P. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):876\u2013883."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e612","article-title":"Full endoscopic vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: experience of 230 patients","volume":"113","author":"Dubey A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dubey A, Yadav N, Ratre S, Parihar VS, Yadav YR. Full endoscopic vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: experience of 230 patients. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e612\u2013e617."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"48","author":"Kabil MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kabil MS, Eby JB, Shahinian HK. Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2005;48(4):207\u2013212."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E18","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technique review and early outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Bohman LE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bohman LE, Pierce J, Stephen JH, Sandhu S, Lee JY. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technique review and early outcomes. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(4):E18."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"189","article-title":"Fully endoscopic vascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm","volume":"11","author":"Eby JB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eby JB, Cha ST, Shahinian HK. Fully endoscopic vascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm. Skull Base. 2001;11(3):189\u2013197."},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2107","article-title":"Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review","volume":"163","author":"Amoo M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amoo M, Henry J, Javadpour M. Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(8):2107\u20132115."},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"55","article-title":"Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases","volume":"61","author":"Shimizu T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Toyota S, Nakagawa K,  Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2021;61(1):55\u201361."},{"issue":"7","key":"b28","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1443","article-title":"How I do it: 3D exoscopic endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression","volume":"161","author":"Li Ching Ng A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Ching Ng A, Di Ieva A. How I do it: 3D exoscopic endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(7):1443\u20131447."},{"issue":"1","key":"b29","series-title":"J Robot Surg","first-page":"6","article-title":"Cadaveric study of ergonomics and performance using a robotic exoscope with a head-mounted display in spine surgery","volume":"18","author":"Demetz M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demetz M, Abramovic A, Krigers A,  Cadaveric study of ergonomics and performance using a robotic exoscope with a head-mounted display in spine surgery. J Robot Surg. 2024;18(1):6."},{"issue":"1","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"36","article-title":"Real time parallel intraoperative integration of endoscopic, microscopic, and navigation images: a proof of concept based on laboratory dissections","volume":"73","author":"Salma A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salma A, Ammirati M. Real time parallel intraoperative integration of endoscopic, microscopic, and navigation images: a proof of concept based on laboratory dissections. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2012;73(1):36\u201341."},{"issue":"5S","key":"b31","series-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis","first-page":"S103","article-title":"Simultaneous supervision by microscope of endoscope-assisted microsurgery via presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach: a pilot study","volume":"135","author":"Tan HY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan HY, Yang J, Wang ZY,  Simultaneous supervision by microscope of endoscope-assisted microsurgery via presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach: a pilot study. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018;135(5S):S103\u2013S106."},{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"629","article-title":"The International Classification of Headache Disorders","volume":"33","year":"2013","unstructured":"Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS). The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia. 2013;33(9):629\u2013808."},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"220","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research","volume":"87","author":"Cruccu G","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cruccu G, Finnerup NB, Jensen TS,  Trigeminal neuralgia: new classification and diagnostic grading for practice and research. Neurology. 2016;87(2):220\u2013228."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"639","article-title":"A history of the Jannetta procedure","volume":"132","author":"Kaufmann AM","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kaufmann AM, Price AV. A history of the Jannetta procedure. J Neurosurg. 2019;132(2):639\u2013646."},{"issue":"6","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Surgical technique for trigeminal microvascular decompression","volume":"154","author":"Broggi G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Broggi G, Broggi M, Ferroli P, Franzini A. Surgical technique for trigeminal microvascular decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2012;154(6):1089\u20131095."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"292","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical note and early outcomes","volume":"46","author":"Guan H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Guan H, Li S, Wang X. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical note and early outcomes. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46(1):292."},{"issue":"5","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1532","article-title":"Endoscopic versus open microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis","volume":"131","author":"Zagzoog N","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zagzoog N, Attar A, Takroni R, Alotaibi MB, Reddy K. Endoscopic versus open microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and comparative meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2018;131(5):1532\u20131540."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"647","article-title":"A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression","volume":"126","author":"Li Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Mao F, Cheng F, Peng C, Guo D, Wang B. A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:647\u2013655.e7."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"136","article-title":"The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects","volume":"124","author":"Ricciardi L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ricciardi L, Chaichana KL, Cardia A,  The exoscope in neurosurgery: an innovative \"point of view\". A systematic review of the technical, surgical, and educational aspects. World Neurosurg. 2019;124:136\u2013144."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"84","article-title":"Advances in intraoperative optics: a brief review of current exoscope platforms","volume":"19","author":"Langer DJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Langer DJ, White TG, Schulder M, Boockvar JA, Labib M, Lawton MT. Advances in intraoperative optics: a brief review of current exoscope platforms. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2020;19(1):84\u201393."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"30","article-title":"Usefulness of endoscope-assisted surgery under exoscopic view in skull base surgery: a technical note","volume":"13","author":"Yano S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yano S, Hiraoka F, Morita H,  Usefulness of endoscope-assisted surgery under exoscopic view in skull base surgery: a technical note. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:30."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"153","article-title":"Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures","volume":"105","author":"Oertel JM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Oertel JM, Burkhardt BW. Vitom-3D for exoscopic neurosurgery: initial experience in cranial and spinal procedures. World Neurosurg. 2017;105:153\u2013162."},{"key":"b12","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e539","article-title":"Functionality and usability of the exoscope in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"179","author":"Hashikata H","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hashikata H, Maki Y, Futamura G,  Functionality and usability of the exoscope in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm and trigeminal neuralgia. World Neurosurg. 2023;179:e539\u2013e548."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"310","article-title":"The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression","volume":"103","author":"Nagata Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nagata Y, Watanabe T, Nagatani T, Takeuchi K, Chu J, Wakabayashi T. The multiscope technique for microvascular decompression. World Neurosurg. 2017;103:310\u2013314."},{"issue":"5","key":"b14","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"374","article-title":"Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series","volume":"23","author":"Herta J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Herta J, R\u00f6ssler K, Dorfer C. Technical assessment of microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia using a 3-dimensional exoscope: a case series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2022;23(5):374\u2013381."},{"key":"b15","first-page":"57","article-title":"Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg","volume":"174","author":"Takahashi S","year":"2018","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Toda M, Nishimoto M,  Pros and cons of using ORBEYE\u2122 for microneurosurgery. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2018;174:57\u201362."},{"issue":"pt A","key":"b16","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"319","article-title":"Preferred reporting of case series in surgery; the PROCESS guidelines","volume":"36","author":"Agha RA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agha RA, Fowler AJ, Rajmohan S, Barai I, Orgill DP. Preferred reporting of case series in surgery; the PROCESS guidelines. Int J Surg. 2016;36(pt A):319-323."},{"issue":"2","key":"b17","series-title":"Int J Med Robot","first-page":"e2498","article-title":"Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of the lumbar spine using a novel robotised digital microscope: a preliminary experience","volume":"19","author":"Rossini Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rossini Z, Tropeano MP, Franzini A,  Minimally invasive microsurgical decompression of the lumbar spine using a novel robotised digital microscope: a preliminary experience. Int J Med Robot. 2023;19(2):e2498."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Brain Spine","first-page":"100855","article-title":"Surgeon\u2019s comfort: the ergonomics of a robotic exoscope using a head-mounted display","volume":"2","author":"Abramovic A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abramovic A, Demetz M, Krigers A,  Surgeon\u2019s comfort: the ergonomics of a robotic exoscope using a head-mounted display. Brain Spine. 2021;2:100855."},{"issue":"4 Suppl 2","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"ONSE489","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical case report","volume":"59","author":"Teo C","year":"2006","unstructured":"Teo C, Nakaji P, Mobbs RJ. Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technical case report. Neurosurgery. 2006;59(4 Suppl 2):ONSE489\u2013ONSE490."},{"issue":"9","key":"b20","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1709","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for neurovascular conflicts in the cerebello-pontine angle: which role for endoscopy?","volume":"155","author":"Broggi M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Broggi M, Acerbi F, Ferroli P, Tringali G, Schiariti M, Broggi G. Microvascular decompression for neurovascular conflicts in the cerebello-pontine angle: which role for endoscopy? Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2013;155(9):1709\u20131716."},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes","volume":"54","author":"Rak R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rak R, Sekhar LN, Stimac D, Hechl P. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):876\u2013883."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e612","article-title":"Full endoscopic vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: experience of 230 patients","volume":"113","author":"Dubey A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dubey A, Yadav N, Ratre S, Parihar VS, Yadav YR. Full endoscopic vascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia: experience of 230 patients. World Neurosurg. 2018;113:e612\u2013e617."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"48","author":"Kabil MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kabil MS, Eby JB, Shahinian HK. Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2005;48(4):207\u2013212."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E18","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technique review and early outcomes","volume":"37","author":"Bohman LE","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bohman LE, Pierce J, Stephen JH, Sandhu S, Lee JY. Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: technique review and early outcomes. Neurosurg Focus. 2014;37(4):E18."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"Skull Base","first-page":"189","article-title":"Fully endoscopic vascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm","volume":"11","author":"Eby JB","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eby JB, Cha ST, Shahinian HK. Fully endoscopic vascular decompression of the facial nerve for hemifacial spasm. Skull Base. 2001;11(3):189\u2013197."},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2107","article-title":"Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review","volume":"163","author":"Amoo M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amoo M, Henry J, Javadpour M. Beyond magnification and illumination: preliminary clinical experience with the 4K 3D ORBEYE\u2122 exoscope and a literature review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(8):2107\u20132115."},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"55","article-title":"Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases","volume":"61","author":"Shimizu T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shimizu T, Toyota S, Nakagawa K,  Retrosigmoid approach in the supine position using ORBEYE: a consecutive series of 14 cases. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2021;61(1):55\u201361."},{"issue":"7","key":"b28","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1443","article-title":"How I do it: 3D exoscopic endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression","volume":"161","author":"Li Ching Ng A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Ching Ng A, Di Ieva A. How I do it: 3D exoscopic endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(7):1443\u20131447."},{"issue":"1","key":"b29","series-title":"J Robot Surg","first-page":"6","article-title":"Cadaveric study of ergonomics and performance using a robotic exoscope with a head-mounted display in spine surgery","volume":"18","author":"Demetz M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Demetz M, Abramovic A, Krigers A,  Cadaveric study of ergonomics and performance using a robotic exoscope with a head-mounted display in spine surgery. J Robot Surg. 2024;18(1):6."},{"issue":"1","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"36","article-title":"Real time parallel intraoperative integration of endoscopic, microscopic, and navigation images: a proof of concept based on laboratory dissections","volume":"73","author":"Salma A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salma A, Ammirati M. Real time parallel intraoperative integration of endoscopic, microscopic, and navigation images: a proof of concept based on laboratory dissections. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2012;73(1):36\u201341."},{"issue":"5S","key":"b31","series-title":"Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis","first-page":"S103","article-title":"Simultaneous supervision by microscope of endoscope-assisted microsurgery via presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach: a pilot study","volume":"135","author":"Tan HY","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan HY, Yang J, Wang ZY,  Simultaneous supervision by microscope of endoscope-assisted microsurgery via presigmoid retrolabyrinthine approach: a pilot study. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis. 2018;135(5S):S103\u2013S106."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/57\/6\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/57\/6\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/57\/6\/article-pE9.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T08:29:08Z","timestamp":1779524948000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/57\/6\/article-pE9.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.9.focus24373","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}