{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T23:32:43Z","timestamp":1782862363198,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) shows varying levels of improvement after surgical treatment. While some patients improve soon after surgery, others may take months to years to show any signs of improvement. The goal of this study was to evaluate postoperative improvement, patient-reported outcomes, and patient satisfaction up to 2 years after surgical treatment for CSM, which will help optimize the current treatment strategies and effectively manage patient expectations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a retrospective study of prospectively collected data using the Quality Outcomes Database. The primary outcomes of interest were achievement of the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for the numeric rating scale for neck and arm pain, modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association, Neck Disability Index, and EQ-5D scores and postoperative satisfaction (North American Spine Society scale). Early and sustained improvement was defined as MCID achievement in at least one patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) at the 3-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Transient improvement was defined as MCID achievement only at the 3-month and\/or 12-month follow-up but not at the 24-month follow-up. Late improvement was defined as MCID achievement in at least one PROM only at the 24-month follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There were 630 patients included in the comparative analysis. A total of 463 (73.5%) patients achieved early and sustained improvement, 105 (16.7%) patients experienced transient improvement with subsequent decline, 25 (4.0%) patients reported late improvement, and 37 (5.9%) patients did not report any clinically meaningful improvement after surgery. Patients with an anterior approach were more likely to be in the early and sustained improvement group. African American patients (OR 2.98, 95% CI 1.14\u20137.76; p = 0.03) were more likely to report late improvement when compared with White patients. The overall satisfaction rate at the 24-month follow-up was 87.8%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that 73.5% of patients achieve early and sustained improvement, and 87.8% of patients are satisfied with surgery 24 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.9.spine24351","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T21:00:56Z","timestamp":1736542856000},"page":"500-508","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Zeitouni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sufyan","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlantic Neurosurgical Specialists, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren N.","family":"Gottfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming G.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheerag D.","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan S.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Tumial\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domagoj","family":"Coric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"b1","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the AOSpine North America prospective multi-center study","volume":"95","author":"Fehlings MG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Wilson JR, Kopjar B,  Efficacy and safety of surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the AOSpine North America prospective multi-center study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(18):1651\u20131658."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalsi-Ryan S, Karadimas SK, Fehlings MG. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder. Neuroscientist. 2013;19(4):409\u2013421."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"273","article-title":"Neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy\u2013a prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Cheung WY","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheung WY, Arvinte D, Wong YW, Luk KD, Cheung KM. Neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy\u2013a prospective study. Int Orthop. 2008;32(2):273\u2013278."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"271","article-title":"Timing of recovery after surgery for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","volume":"92","author":"Evaniew N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evaniew N, Coyle M, Rampersaud YR,  Timing of recovery after surgery for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(2):271\u2013282."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"763","article-title":"Trajectory of improvement in myelopathic symptoms from 3 to 12 months following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"86","author":"Khan I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan I, Archer KR, Wanner JP,  Trajectory of improvement in myelopathic symptoms from 3 to 12 months following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(6):763\u2013768."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Elderly patients show substantial improvement in health-related quality of life after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy despite medical frailty: an ambispective analysis of a multicenter, international data set","volume":"94","author":"Pedro KM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedro KM, Alvi MA, Hejrati N, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG. Elderly patients show substantial improvement in health-related quality of life after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy despite medical frailty: an ambispective analysis of a multicenter, international data set. Neurosurgery. 2024;94(6):1122\u20131131."},{"issue":"18","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1436","article-title":"The influence of diabetes on surgical outcomes in cervical myelopathy","volume":"41","author":"Kusin DJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kusin DJ, Ahn UM, Ahn NU. The influence of diabetes on surgical outcomes in cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2016;41(18):1436\u20131440."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"195","article-title":"Impact of elevated body mass index and obesity on long-term surgical outcomes for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of a combined prospective dataset","volume":"42","author":"Wilson JR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson JR, Tetreault LA, Schroeder G,  Impact of elevated body mass index and obesity on long-term surgical outcomes for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of a combined prospective dataset. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2017;42(3):195\u2013201."},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Obesity does not impact clinical outcome but affects cervical sagittal alignment and adjacent segment degeneration in short term follow-up after an anterior cervical decompression and fusion","volume":"19","author":"Basques BA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basques BA, Khan JM, Louie PK,  Obesity does not impact clinical outcome but affects cervical sagittal alignment and adjacent segment degeneration in short term follow-up after an anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine J. 2019;19(7):1146\u20131153."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1804","article-title":"Time trend analysis of database and registry use in the neurosurgical literature: evidence for the advance of registry science","volume":"136","author":"Asher AL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asher AL, Sammak SE, Michalopoulos GD,  Time trend analysis of database and registry use in the neurosurgical literature: evidence for the advance of registry science. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(6):1804\u20131809."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?","volume":"38","author":"Chan AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan AK, Shaffrey CI, Gottfried ON,  Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;38(1):42\u201355."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Kopjar B, Nouri A,  The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(1):78\u201384."},{"issue":"7","key":"b13","series-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14(7):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"11","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"717","article-title":"Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values","volume":"46","author":"Khan I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan I, Pennings JS, Devin CJ,  Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2021;46(11):717\u2013725."},{"issue":"21","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1653","article-title":"The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"40","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Nouri A, Kopjar B, C\u00f4t\u00e9 P, Fehlings MG. The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2015;40(21):1653\u20131659."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"741","article-title":"The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests","volume":"21","author":"Daltroy LH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1996;21(6):741\u2013749."},{"key":"b17","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","unstructured":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Accessed November 6, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e436","article-title":"Differences in patient-reported outcomes between anterior and posterior approaches for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database analysis","volume":"160","author":"Wilkerson CG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkerson CG, Sherrod BA, Alvi MA,  Differences in patient-reported outcomes between anterior and posterior approaches for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database analysis. World Neurosurg. 2022;160:e436\u2013e441."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Rowland LP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rowland LP. Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial. Neurology. 1992;42(1):5\u201313."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality;","article-title":"Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide","author":"Gliklich RE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gliklich RE, Leavy MB Dreyer NA. eds.Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide. 4th ed. AHRQ Publication No.19(20)-EHC020. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2020.Accessed November 6, 2024. https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/registries-guide-4th-edition\/users-guide"},{"issue":"18","key":"b1","series-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am","first-page":"1651","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the AOSpine North America prospective multi-center study","volume":"95","author":"Fehlings MG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fehlings MG, Wilson JR, Kopjar B,  Efficacy and safety of surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy: results of the AOSpine North America prospective multi-center study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013;95(18):1651\u20131658."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalsi-Ryan S, Karadimas SK, Fehlings MG. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder. Neuroscientist. 2013;19(4):409\u2013421."},{"issue":"2","key":"b3","series-title":"Int Orthop","first-page":"273","article-title":"Neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy\u2013a prospective study","volume":"32","author":"Cheung WY","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cheung WY, Arvinte D, Wong YW, Luk KD, Cheung KM. Neurological recovery after surgical decompression in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy\u2013a prospective study. Int Orthop. 2008;32(2):273\u2013278."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"271","article-title":"Timing of recovery after surgery for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","volume":"92","author":"Evaniew N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Evaniew N, Coyle M, Rampersaud YR,  Timing of recovery after surgery for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Neurosurgery. 2023;92(2):271\u2013282."},{"issue":"6","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"763","article-title":"Trajectory of improvement in myelopathic symptoms from 3 to 12 months following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"86","author":"Khan I","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan I, Archer KR, Wanner JP,  Trajectory of improvement in myelopathic symptoms from 3 to 12 months following surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(6):763\u2013768."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1122","article-title":"Elderly patients show substantial improvement in health-related quality of life after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy despite medical frailty: an ambispective analysis of a multicenter, international data set","volume":"94","author":"Pedro KM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedro KM, Alvi MA, Hejrati N, Moghaddamjou A, Fehlings MG. Elderly patients show substantial improvement in health-related quality of life after surgery for degenerative cervical myelopathy despite medical frailty: an ambispective analysis of a multicenter, international data set. Neurosurgery. 2024;94(6):1122\u20131131."},{"issue":"18","key":"b7","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1436","article-title":"The influence of diabetes on surgical outcomes in cervical myelopathy","volume":"41","author":"Kusin DJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kusin DJ, Ahn UM, Ahn NU. The influence of diabetes on surgical outcomes in cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2016;41(18):1436\u20131440."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"195","article-title":"Impact of elevated body mass index and obesity on long-term surgical outcomes for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of a combined prospective dataset","volume":"42","author":"Wilson JR","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilson JR, Tetreault LA, Schroeder G,  Impact of elevated body mass index and obesity on long-term surgical outcomes for patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: analysis of a combined prospective dataset. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2017;42(3):195\u2013201."},{"issue":"7","key":"b9","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1146","article-title":"Obesity does not impact clinical outcome but affects cervical sagittal alignment and adjacent segment degeneration in short term follow-up after an anterior cervical decompression and fusion","volume":"19","author":"Basques BA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Basques BA, Khan JM, Louie PK,  Obesity does not impact clinical outcome but affects cervical sagittal alignment and adjacent segment degeneration in short term follow-up after an anterior cervical decompression and fusion. Spine J. 2019;19(7):1146\u20131153."},{"issue":"6","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1804","article-title":"Time trend analysis of database and registry use in the neurosurgical literature: evidence for the advance of registry science","volume":"136","author":"Asher AL","year":"2021","unstructured":"Asher AL, Sammak SE, Michalopoulos GD,  Time trend analysis of database and registry use in the neurosurgical literature: evidence for the advance of registry science. J Neurosurg. 2021;136(6):1804\u20131809."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?","volume":"38","author":"Chan AK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chan AK, Shaffrey CI, Gottfried ON,  Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;38(1):42\u201355."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Kopjar B, Nouri A,  The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(1):78\u201384."},{"issue":"7","key":"b13","series-title":"J Manipulative Physiol Ther","first-page":"409","article-title":"The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity","volume":"14","author":"Vernon H","year":"1991","unstructured":"Vernon H, Mior S. The Neck Disability Index: a study of reliability and validity. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1991;14(7):409\u2013415."},{"issue":"11","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"717","article-title":"Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values","volume":"46","author":"Khan I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan I, Pennings JS, Devin CJ,  Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2021;46(11):717\u2013725."},{"issue":"21","key":"b15","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1653","article-title":"The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"40","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Nouri A, Kopjar B, C\u00f4t\u00e9 P, Fehlings MG. The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2015;40(21):1653\u20131659."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"741","article-title":"The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests","volume":"21","author":"Daltroy LH","year":"1996","unstructured":"Daltroy LH, Cats-Baril WL, Katz JN, Fossel AH, Liang MH. The North American Spine Society Lumbar Spine Outcome Assessment Instrument: reliability and validity tests. Spine (Phila Pa 1976).1996;21(6):741\u2013749."},{"key":"b17","article-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing","unstructured":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Accessed November 6, 2024. https:\/\/www.R-project.org"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e436","article-title":"Differences in patient-reported outcomes between anterior and posterior approaches for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database analysis","volume":"160","author":"Wilkerson CG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wilkerson CG, Sherrod BA, Alvi MA,  Differences in patient-reported outcomes between anterior and posterior approaches for treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database analysis. World Neurosurg. 2022;160:e436\u2013e441."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"5","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Rowland LP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rowland LP. Surgical treatment of cervical spondylotic myelopathy: time for a controlled trial. Neurology. 1992;42(1):5\u201313."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality;","article-title":"Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide","author":"Gliklich RE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gliklich RE, Leavy MB Dreyer NA. eds.Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes: A User\u2019s Guide. 4th ed. AHRQ Publication No.19(20)-EHC020. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2020.Accessed November 6, 2024. https:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/products\/registries-guide-4th-edition\/users-guide"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/42\/4\/article-p500.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/42\/4\/article-p500.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/42\/4\/article-p500.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:44:21Z","timestamp":1772804661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/42\/4\/article-p500.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2024.9.spine24351","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]}}}