{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:21:01Z","timestamp":1784719261549,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>As modern endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) becomes increasingly refined, patients with large prolactinomas may seek alternatives to lifelong dopamine agonist (DA) therapy. This may raise interest in reassessing potential treatment paradigms and surgical outcomes, particularly in patients who have had long-standing symptoms and sought a more definitive solution. The objective of this study was to explore the viability of EES in experienced centers as a reliable alternative to managing macroprolactinomas.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicentric cohort of patients with histologically proven macroprolactinoma treated with EES over 12 years was retrospectively reviewed. Early surgical results and the determinant factors of outcome were analyzed using a multivariate regression model and Kaplan-Meier curves.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 76 patients with a mean \u00b1 SD age of 42.1 \u00b1 15.6 years and tumor diameter of 22.7 \u00b1 12.1 mm was included. Gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 56.6%, with Knosp grade (OR 0.167, CI 0.044\u20130.633, p = 0.008) and clival invasion (OR 0.119, CI 0.019\u20130.765, p = 0.025) being the only independent predictors. Short-term remission (52\/76 patients [68.4%]) was less frequent in patients with cystic tumors (OR 0.004, CI 0.0001\u20130.0911, p = 0.04) and was higher in those with intended (OR 36.375, CI 1.627\u2013813.128, p = 0.023) or achieved (OR 32.341, CI 1.487\u2013703.558, p = 0.027) GTR in multivariate analysis. The second half of the learning curve showed early complication rates of 41% versus 16.2% in the first half (p = 0.01). During a mean 47.9 \u00b1 33 months of follow-up, the permanent complication rate was 6.6% and 3\/51 patients (5.9%) had recurrence. Overall 4-year recurrence-free survival was significantly lower in DA-dependent patients (70% vs 100%, p &lt; 0.001). Last follow-up prolactin levels were positively correlated with postoperative day 1 levels (correlation coefficient 0.403, p &lt; 0.001), with final normoprolactinemia rates significantly higher in the GTR group than in the non-GTR group (76.7 vs 45.2%, p = 0.005). DA-resistant\/intolerant patients achieved significant prolactin levels reduction (576 to 17 \u00b5g\/L, p &lt; 0.001), with normal prolactin level in 51.1% of patients and long-term remission in 35.6%. The overall long-term DA-free remission rate was 39.3%, with the highest preoperative prolactin level (OR 0.999, CI 0.996\u20130.998, p = 0.042) being the only independent predictor of failure. Subgroup analysis showed remission rates of 80% versus 23.9% in patients with the highest preoperative prolactin levels &lt; 150 versus \u2265 150 \u00b5g\/L, respectively (p &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors found that modern EES in multidisciplinary centers was a low-morbid option for patients with macroprolactinoma. Remission rates were consistent with those of recent studies with variably sized prolactinomas, and recurrence rates were low. Although not universally definitive for macroprolactinomas, early EES can be offered for patients with the highest preoperative prolactin levels below 150 \u00b5g\/L who are unwilling to receive long-term medication. Radiological criteria alone should not be the sole factor in surgical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.1.jns241645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T21:49:00Z","timestamp":1749246540000},"page":"1364-1376","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Examining the viability of modern endoscopic endonasal surgery as a first-line treatment for macroprolactinomas: a multicentric study on the results and significance of the highest preoperative prolactin level in predicting long-term surgical outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Khaleghi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin Michelle","family":"Huntoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid Marijke","family":"Zandbergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy G.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra University Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leontine Erica Henri\u00ebtte","family":"Bakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Johanna Theodorus","family":"Verstegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luma Mudhafar","family":"Ghalib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris Catharina Maria","family":"Pelsma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Golub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra University Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kuffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra University Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir R.","family":"Dehdashti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra University Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nienke Ruurdje","family":"Biermasz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Center for Endocrine Tumours Leiden, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel M.","family":"Prevedello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"b1","series-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab","first-page":"2518","article-title":"Cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a study in 455 patients","volume":"84","author":"Verhelst J","year":"1999","unstructured":"Verhelst J, Abs R, Maiter D,  Cabergoline in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia: a study in 455 patients. 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