{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T00:12:31Z","timestamp":1789776751458,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The authors previously identified\n                      <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species in the CSF of 44% of infants presenting for neurosurgical evaluation with findings consistent with postinfectious hydrocephalus (PIH) in Eastern Uganda. Here, they sought to compare outcomes among hydrocephalic infants with and without\n                      <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      detection at the time of hydrocephalus surgery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In a prospective observational study of 189 infants with PIH who underwent a CSF diversion prior to 90 days of age, 78 had a positive CSF polymerase chain reaction result for\n                      <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (PP), and 111 had a negative result (PN). The primary outcome was diversion failure\u2013free survival, defined as being alive without diversion failure at last patient contact. Secondary outcomes included overall survival and diversion success.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a median follow-up period of 35.7 months, the primary outcome was observed in 42 PP patients (54%) and in 76 PN patients (68%) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.45, 95% CI 1.42\u20134.22; p = 0.001). PP patients who underwent endoscopic diversion had a worse primary event rate (aHR 6.47, 95% CI 2.40\u201317.42; p &lt; 0.001). Death from any cause occurred in 16 PP patients (21%) and 9 PN patients (8%) (aHR 3.47, 95% CI 1.44\u20138.37; p = 0.006). Diversion failure occurred in 28 PP patients (36%) and 29 PN patients (26%) (aHR 2.24, 95% CI 1.31\u20133.85; p = 0.003).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In this study,\n                      <jats:italic>Paenibacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                      detection in the CSF at the time of hydrocephalus surgery was associated with a significantly increased rate of the composite of diversion failure or death, death, and diversion failure, and was particularly increased for patients who had an endoscopic diversion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.1.peds24254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T22:50:07Z","timestamp":1747435807000},"page":"145-156","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Poor surgical outcomes following Paenibacillus infant infectious hydrocephalus"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Jessica E.","family":"Ericson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davis","family":"Natukwatsa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children\u2019s Hospital of Uganda, Mbale, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ssenyonga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Onen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mulago National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mugamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroKids, Fairfax, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Mulondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah U.","family":"Morton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mercedeh","family":"Movassagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelsey","family":"Templeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Hehnly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edith","family":"Mbabazi-Kabachelor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CURE Children\u2019s Hospital of Uganda, Mbale, Uganda;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhaya V.","family":"Kulkarni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin C.","family":"Warf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Broach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Personalized Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph N.","family":"Paulson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"},{"name":"Data Science and Biometrics, Exelixis Inc., Alameda, California; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven J.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut;"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Glob Health","first-page":"e1793","article-title":"Aetiology and diagnostics of paediatric hydrocephalus across Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Aukrust CG","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aukrust CG, Paulsen AH, Uche EO,  Aetiology and diagnostics of paediatric hydrocephalus across Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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