{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:55:55Z","timestamp":1781794555711,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pathophysiological distinctions and modifiable risk factors underlying ischemic versus hemorrhagic conversion in moyamoya disease (MMD) remain incompletely characterized, hindering subtype-specific management. This study aimed to delineate subtype-specific risk patterns and validate biomarkers for asymptomatic progression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors analyzed the medical records of 774 adult MMD patients from Nanjing Jinling Hospital (2010\u20132020) and Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital (2013\u20132020). MMD was stratified as asymptomatic (n = 139), ischemic (n = 450), or hemorrhagic (n = 185). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate metabolic profiles, angiographic features (posterior cerebral artery [PCA] involvement and choroidal and lenticulostriate anastomoses), and longitudinal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Symptomatic patients demonstrated higher PCA involvement prevalence versus asymptomatic patients (p &lt; 0.001). Ischemic MMD was independently associated with male sex (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.30\u20133.07; p = 0.002), hypertension (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.49\u20133.54; p &lt; 0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.01\u20131.83; p = 0.04), hyperglycemia (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.03\u20131.45; p = 0.02), and PCA involvement (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.40\u20134.20; p = 0.001). Hemorrhagic MMD correlated with BMI (OR 0.88 per kg\/m\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 95% CI 0.81\u20130.97; p = 0.007), hypercholesterolemia (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14\u20132.07; p = 0.005), choroidal anastomosis formation (OR 2.38, 95% CI 1.21\u20134.70; p = 0.01), and PCA involvement (OR 3.41, 95% CI 1.76\u20136.61; p &lt; 0.001). During the median 44-month follow-up, asymptomatic patients with PCA involvement (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 4.86, 95% CI 1.07\u201322.14; p = 0.04) or choroidal anastomosis (adjusted HR 5.92, 95% CI 1.27\u201327.62; p = 0.02) exhibited an elevated risk of symptomatic conversion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ischemic MMD was independently associated with male predominance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, while hemorrhagic transformation correlated with lower BMI, hypercholesterolemia, and choroidal anastomosis. PCA involvement and choroidal anastomosis emerged as critical biomarkers for asymptomatic risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.10.jns251359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:36:07Z","timestamp":1774661767000},"page":"1334-1343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Subtype-specific risk patterns and asymptomatic progression in moyamoya disease: angiographic biomarkers for clinical stratification"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Xuan","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxian","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Shaoxing People\u2019s Hospital, Shaoxing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiping","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinfeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunhua","family":"Hang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome","volume":"360","author":"Scott RM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott RM, Smith ER. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1226\u20131237. doi:10.1056\/NEJMra0804622"},{"issue":"5","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"245","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis)","volume":"52","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(5):245\u2013266. doi:10.2176\/nmc.52.245"},{"issue":"8","key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"747","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: diagnosis and interventions","volume":"21","author":"Ihara M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ihara M, Yamamoto Y, Hattori Y,  Moyamoya disease: diagnosis and interventions. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(8):747\u2013758. doi:10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00165-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"975","article-title":"Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"141","author":"Kappel AD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kappel AD, Feroze AH, Torio E, Sukumaran M, Du R. Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(4):975\u2013982. doi:10.3171\/2024.1.JNS221977"},{"issue":"10","key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"e465","article-title":"Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome: current perspectives and future directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"54","author":"Gonzalez NR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonzalez NR, Amin-Hanjani S, Bang OY,  Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome: current perspectives and future directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(10):e465\u2013e479. doi:10.1161\/STR.0000000000000443"},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Five-year stroke risk and its predictors in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry (AMORE)","volume":"54","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Yamamoto S, Funaki T,  Five-year stroke risk and its predictors in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry (AMORE). Stroke. 2023;54(6):1494\u20131504. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041932"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Radiological findings, clinical course, and outcome in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: results of multicenter survey in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Hashimoto N, Yoshimoto T, Iwasaki Y. Radiological findings, clinical course, and outcome in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: results of multicenter survey in Japan. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1430\u20131435. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.478297"},{"issue":"10","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"796","article-title":"Specific shrinkage of carotid forks in moyamoya disease: a novel key finding for diagnosis","volume":"55","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Kashiwazaki D, Akioka N,  Specific shrinkage of carotid forks in moyamoya disease: a novel key finding for diagnosis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2015;55(10):796\u2013804. doi:10.2176\/nmc.oa.2015-0044"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Int J Stroke","first-page":"512","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult moyamoya angiopathy: an overview of guideline recommendations and identification of future research directions","volume":"20","author":"Rifino N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rifino N, Herv\u00e8 D, Acerbi F,  Diagnosis and management of adult moyamoya angiopathy: an overview of guideline recommendations and identification of future research directions. Int J Stroke. 2025;20(5):512\u2013523."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cerebrovascular \"moyamoya\" disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki J","year":"1969","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Takaku A. Cerebrovascular \"moyamoya\" disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. Arch Neurol. 1969;20(3):288\u2013299. doi:10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"777","article-title":"Angiographic features of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with high recurrence risk: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"128","author":"Funaki T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  Angiographic features of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with high recurrence risk: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(3):777\u2013784. doi:10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161650"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of posterior circulation involvement in moyamoya disease","volume":"55","author":"Tigchelaar SS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tigchelaar SS, Wang AR, Vaca SD, Li Y, Steinberg GK. Incidence and outcomes of posterior circulation involvement in moyamoya disease. Stroke. 2024;55(5):1254\u20131260. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044693"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"g6284","article-title":"Multiple hypothesis testing and Bonferroni\u2019s correction","volume":"349","author":"Sedgwick P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sedgwick P. Multiple hypothesis testing and Bonferroni\u2019s correction. BMJ. 2014;349:g6284. doi:10.1136\/bmj.g6284"},{"issue":"10","key":"b14","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"3124","article-title":"Association between the onset pattern of adult moyamoya disease and risk factors for stroke","volume":"51","author":"Hirano Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirano Y, Miyawaki S, Imai H,  Association between the onset pattern of adult moyamoya disease and risk factors for stroke. Stroke. 2020;51(10):3124\u20133128. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030653"},{"issue":"22","key":"b15","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"2069","article-title":"Determinants of progression and regression of subclinical atherosclerosis over 6 years","volume":"82","author":"Mendieta G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendieta G, Pocock S, Mass V,  Determinants of progression and regression of subclinical atherosclerosis over 6 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(22):2069\u20132083. doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.09.814"},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"e176347","article-title":"Lipid droplets in the endothelium: the missing link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease?","volume":"134","author":"Jaffe IZ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaffe IZ, Karumanchi SA. Lipid droplets in the endothelium: the missing link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease? J Clin Invest. 2024;134(4):e176347. doi:10.1172\/JCI176347"},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol","first-page":"95","article-title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial\/extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: findings from a retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Xie Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie Y, Cen K, Dan B,  Association between triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial\/extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: findings from a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):95. doi:10.1186\/s12933-024-02187-1"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Redox Biol","first-page":"102589","article-title":"Enhancement of glycolysis-dependent DNA repair regulated by FOXO1 knockdown via PFKFB3 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury","volume":"59","author":"Sun D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun D, Chen S, Li S,  Enhancement of glycolysis-dependent DNA repair regulated by FOXO1 knockdown via PFKFB3 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury. Redox Biol. 2023;59:102589. doi:10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102589"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Biomolecules","first-page":"579","article-title":"Exploring the roles of liver X receptors in lipid metabolism and immunity in atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Endo-Umeda K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Endo-Umeda K, Makishima M. Exploring the roles of liver X receptors in lipid metabolism and immunity in atherosclerosis. Biomolecules. 2025;15(4):579. doi:10.3390\/biom15040579"},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Biomedicines","first-page":"601","article-title":"Risk factors association with transcriptional activity of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) genes in patients with heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Dabek J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dabek J, Korzen D, Sierka O, Paluszkiewicz L, Milting H, Gasior Z. Risk factors association with transcriptional activity of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) genes in patients with heart failure. Biomedicines. 2024;12(3):601."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis","first-page":"34","article-title":"Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure","volume":"82","author":"Alebna PL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alebna PL, Mehta A, Yehya A, daSilva-deAbreu A, Lavie CJ, Carbone S. Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024;82:34\u201342. doi:10.1016\/j.pcad.2024.01.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"448","article-title":"Myocardial Rev-erb-mediated diurnal metabolic rhythm and obesity paradox","volume":"145","author":"Song S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song S, Tien CL, Cui H,  Myocardial Rev-erb-mediated diurnal metabolic rhythm and obesity paradox. Circulation. 2022;145(6):448\u2013464. doi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056076"},{"issue":"9","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"670","article-title":"APOE genotypes modify the obesity paradox in dementia","volume":"94","author":"Shinohara M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shinohara M, Gheni G, Hitomi J, Bu G, Sato N. APOE genotypes modify the obesity paradox in dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023;94(9):670\u2013680. doi:10.1136\/jnnp-2022-331034"},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle","first-page":"2111","article-title":"Obesity and long-term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Akyea RK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akyea RK, Doehner W, Iyen B, Weng SF, Qureshi N, Ntaios G. Obesity and long-term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(6):2111\u20132121. doi:10.1002\/jcsm.12818"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"144","article-title":"Adiposity and outcome after ischemic stroke: obesity paradox for mortality and obesity parabola for favorable functional outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Liu Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z, Sanossian N, Starkman S,  Adiposity and outcome after ischemic stroke: obesity paradox for mortality and obesity parabola for favorable functional outcomes. Stroke. 2021;52(1):144\u2013151. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027900"},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"Int J Stroke","first-page":"907","article-title":"Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes","volume":"19","author":"Miwa K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miwa K, Nakai M, Yoshimura S,  Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Int J Stroke. 2024;19(8):907\u2013915. doi:10.1177\/17474930241249370"},{"issue":"8","key":"b27","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"2552","article-title":"Association between abnormal body weight and stroke outcome: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Zhang P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang P, Yan XL, Qu Y, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Association between abnormal body weight and stroke outcome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(8):2552\u20132564. doi:10.1111\/ene.14881"},{"issue":"4","key":"b28","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"999","article-title":"Obesity paradox in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Persaud SR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Persaud SR, Lieber AC, Donath E,  Obesity paradox in intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2019;50(4):999\u20131002. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.024638"},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"502","article-title":"The progression of pathophysiology of moyamoya disease","volume":"93","author":"Chen T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen T, Wei W, Yu J,  The progression of pathophysiology of moyamoya disease. Neurosurgery. 2023;93(3):502\u2013509. doi:10.1227\/neu.0000000000002455"},{"issue":"6","key":"b30","series-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol","first-page":"H1204","article-title":"PVAT adipocyte: energizing, modulating, and structuring vascular function during normotensive and hypertensive states","volume":"328","author":"Rendon CJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rendon CJ, Watts SW, Contreras GA. PVAT adipocyte: energizing, modulating, and structuring vascular function during normotensive and hypertensive states. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2025;328(6):H1204\u2013H1217. doi:10.1152\/ajpheart.00093.2025"},{"issue":"7","key":"b31","series-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels by perivascular adipose tissue","volume":"45","author":"Gollasch M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gollasch M, Kassmann M, Alves DT, Garscha U, Tsvetkov D. Metabolic regulation of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels by perivascular adipose tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2025;45(7):1031\u20131040. doi:10.1161\/ATVBAHA.125.321693"},{"issue":"6","key":"b32","series-title":"Biomolecules","first-page":"982","article-title":"Emerging role of adiponectin\/AdipoRs signaling in choroidal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Choubey M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choubey M, Bora P. Emerging role of adiponectin\/AdipoRs signaling in choroidal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Biomolecules. 2023;13(6):982. doi:10.3390\/biom13060982"},{"issue":"3","key":"b33","series-title":"Compr Physiol","first-page":"e70018","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived adipokines in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: insights and implications","volume":"15","author":"Bruder A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bruder A, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipose tissue-derived adipokines in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: insights and implications. Compr Physiol. 2025;15(3):e70018. doi:10.1002\/cph4.70018"},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Curr Nutr Rep","first-page":"66","article-title":"Zingiberaceae in cardiovascular health: a review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism","volume":"14","author":"Naidu D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naidu D, Althaf Umar KP, Muhsina K, Augustine S, Jeengar MK, S KK. Zingiberaceae in cardiovascular health: a review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025;14(1):66. doi:10.1007\/s13668-025-00656-x"},{"issue":"12","key":"b35","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"2499","article-title":"Hemorrhagic patterns and their risk factors in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"27","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhao M, Ge P,  Hemorrhagic patterns and their risk factors in patients with moyamoya disease. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(12):2499\u20132507. doi:10.1111\/ene.14477"},{"issue":"12","key":"b36","series-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol","first-page":"2386","article-title":"Ischemic patterns and their angiographic risk factors in adult patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"10","author":"Luo S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo S, Zhan W, Zhang L,  Ischemic patterns and their angiographic risk factors in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2023;10(12):2386\u20132393. doi:10.1002\/acn3.51927"},{"issue":"2","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"408","article-title":"Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"132","author":"Funaki T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(2):408\u2013414. doi:10.3171\/2018.10.JNS181139"},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"525","article-title":"High rebleeding risk associated with choroidal collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: analysis of a nonsurgical cohort in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"130","author":"Funaki T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  High rebleeding risk associated with choroidal collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: analysis of a nonsurgical cohort in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(2):525\u2013530. doi:10.3171\/2017.9.JNS17576"},{"issue":"2","key":"b39","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Morphologic differences between ruptured and unruptured choroidal anastomosis in adult moyamoya disease: a high-resolution vessel wall imaging study","volume":"140","author":"Ryu J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ryu J, Lee KM, Woo HG, Park JI, Choi SK. Morphologic differences between ruptured and unruptured choroidal anastomosis in adult moyamoya disease: a high-resolution vessel wall imaging study. J Neurosurg. 2024;140(2):441\u2013449. doi:10.3171\/2023.6.JNS231017"},{"issue":"1","key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"856","article-title":"Aneurysmal formation of periventricular anastomosis is associated with collateral development of moyamoya disease and its rupture portends poor prognosis: detailed analysis by multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches","volume":"47","author":"Sato D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sato D, Miyawaki S, Torazawa S,  Aneurysmal formation of periventricular anastomosis is associated with collateral development of moyamoya disease and its rupture portends poor prognosis: detailed analysis by multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches. Neurosurg Rev. 2024;47(1):856. doi:10.1007\/s10143-024-03097-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"b41","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"36","article-title":"Changing ischaemic lesion patterns in adult moyamoya disease","volume":"80","author":"Kim JM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim JM, Lee SH, Roh JK. Changing ischaemic lesion patterns in adult moyamoya disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80(1):36\u201340. doi:10.1136\/jnnp.2008.145078"},{"issue":"4","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"966","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative cerebral infarction after combined bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors","volume":"141","author":"Un Lee S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Un Lee S, Lee Y, Won Choi T,  Prediction of postoperative cerebral infarction after combined bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(4):966\u2013974. doi:10.3171\/2024.1.JNS232641"},{"issue":"11","key":"b43","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1951","article-title":"Cortical spreading depolarization-induced constriction of penetrating arteries can cause watershed ischemia: a potential mechanism for white matter lesions","volume":"43","author":"D\u00f6nmez-Demir B","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u00f6nmez-Demir B, Yemisci M, Uruk G,  Cortical spreading depolarization-induced constriction of penetrating arteries can cause watershed ischemia: a potential mechanism for white matter lesions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2023;43(11):1951\u20131966. doi:10.1177\/0271678X231186959"},{"issue":"1","key":"b44","series-title":"Ann Med","first-page":"2362872","article-title":"Exploration of the risk factor for infarction after revascularization in moyamoya disease","volume":"56","author":"Sun T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun T, Zeng Q, Huang L,  Exploration of the risk factor for infarction after revascularization in moyamoya disease. Ann Med. 2024;56(1):2362872. doi:10.1080\/07853890.2024.2362872"},{"issue":"12","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1226","article-title":"Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome","volume":"360","author":"Scott RM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Scott RM, Smith ER. Moyamoya disease and moyamoya syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(12):1226\u20131237. doi:10.1056\/NEJMra0804622"},{"issue":"5","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"245","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis)","volume":"52","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of moyamoya disease (spontaneous occlusion of the circle of Willis). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2012;52(5):245\u2013266. doi:10.2176\/nmc.52.245"},{"issue":"8","key":"b3","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"747","article-title":"Moyamoya disease: diagnosis and interventions","volume":"21","author":"Ihara M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ihara M, Yamamoto Y, Hattori Y,  Moyamoya disease: diagnosis and interventions. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(8):747\u2013758. doi:10.1016\/S1474-4422(22)00165-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"975","article-title":"Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies","volume":"141","author":"Kappel AD","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kappel AD, Feroze AH, Torio E, Sukumaran M, Du R. Management of moyamoya disease: a review of current and future therapeutic strategies. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(4):975\u2013982. doi:10.3171\/2024.1.JNS221977"},{"issue":"10","key":"b5","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"e465","article-title":"Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome: current perspectives and future directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association","volume":"54","author":"Gonzalez NR","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gonzalez NR, Amin-Hanjani S, Bang OY,  Adult moyamoya disease and syndrome: current perspectives and future directions: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2023;54(10):e465\u2013e479. doi:10.1161\/STR.0000000000000443"},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1494","article-title":"Five-year stroke risk and its predictors in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry (AMORE)","volume":"54","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Yamamoto S, Funaki T,  Five-year stroke risk and its predictors in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: Asymptomatic Moyamoya Registry (AMORE). Stroke. 2023;54(6):1494\u20131504. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.122.041932"},{"issue":"5","key":"b7","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Radiological findings, clinical course, and outcome in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: results of multicenter survey in Japan","volume":"38","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Hashimoto N, Yoshimoto T, Iwasaki Y. Radiological findings, clinical course, and outcome in asymptomatic moyamoya disease: results of multicenter survey in Japan. Stroke. 2007;38(5):1430\u20131435. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.106.478297"},{"issue":"10","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"796","article-title":"Specific shrinkage of carotid forks in moyamoya disease: a novel key finding for diagnosis","volume":"55","author":"Kuroda S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuroda S, Kashiwazaki D, Akioka N,  Specific shrinkage of carotid forks in moyamoya disease: a novel key finding for diagnosis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2015;55(10):796\u2013804. doi:10.2176\/nmc.oa.2015-0044"},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Int J Stroke","first-page":"512","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of adult moyamoya angiopathy: an overview of guideline recommendations and identification of future research directions","volume":"20","author":"Rifino N","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rifino N, Herv\u00e8 D, Acerbi F,  Diagnosis and management of adult moyamoya angiopathy: an overview of guideline recommendations and identification of future research directions. Int J Stroke. 2025;20(5):512\u2013523."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"288","article-title":"Cerebrovascular \"moyamoya\" disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain","volume":"20","author":"Suzuki J","year":"1969","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Takaku A. Cerebrovascular \"moyamoya\" disease. Disease showing abnormal net-like vessels in base of brain. Arch Neurol. 1969;20(3):288\u2013299. doi:10.1001\/archneur.1969.00480090076012"},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"777","article-title":"Angiographic features of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with high recurrence risk: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"128","author":"Funaki T","year":"2018","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  Angiographic features of hemorrhagic moyamoya disease with high recurrence risk: a supplementary analysis of the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(3):777\u2013784. doi:10.3171\/2016.11.JNS161650"},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"1254","article-title":"Incidence and outcomes of posterior circulation involvement in moyamoya disease","volume":"55","author":"Tigchelaar SS","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tigchelaar SS, Wang AR, Vaca SD, Li Y, Steinberg GK. Incidence and outcomes of posterior circulation involvement in moyamoya disease. Stroke. 2024;55(5):1254\u20131260. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.123.044693"},{"key":"b13","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"g6284","article-title":"Multiple hypothesis testing and Bonferroni\u2019s correction","volume":"349","author":"Sedgwick P","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sedgwick P. Multiple hypothesis testing and Bonferroni\u2019s correction. BMJ. 2014;349:g6284. doi:10.1136\/bmj.g6284"},{"issue":"10","key":"b14","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"3124","article-title":"Association between the onset pattern of adult moyamoya disease and risk factors for stroke","volume":"51","author":"Hirano Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hirano Y, Miyawaki S, Imai H,  Association between the onset pattern of adult moyamoya disease and risk factors for stroke. Stroke. 2020;51(10):3124\u20133128. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.030653"},{"issue":"22","key":"b15","series-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol","first-page":"2069","article-title":"Determinants of progression and regression of subclinical atherosclerosis over 6 years","volume":"82","author":"Mendieta G","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mendieta G, Pocock S, Mass V,  Determinants of progression and regression of subclinical atherosclerosis over 6 years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2023;82(22):2069\u20132083. doi:10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.09.814"},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Invest","first-page":"e176347","article-title":"Lipid droplets in the endothelium: the missing link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease?","volume":"134","author":"Jaffe IZ","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jaffe IZ, Karumanchi SA. Lipid droplets in the endothelium: the missing link between metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease? J Clin Invest. 2024;134(4):e176347. doi:10.1172\/JCI176347"},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol","first-page":"95","article-title":"Association between triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial\/extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: findings from a retrospective study","volume":"23","author":"Xie Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xie Y, Cen K, Dan B,  Association between triglyceride-glucose index and intracranial\/extracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: findings from a retrospective study. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2024;23(1):95. doi:10.1186\/s12933-024-02187-1"},{"key":"b18","series-title":"Redox Biol","first-page":"102589","article-title":"Enhancement of glycolysis-dependent DNA repair regulated by FOXO1 knockdown via PFKFB3 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury","volume":"59","author":"Sun D","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun D, Chen S, Li S,  Enhancement of glycolysis-dependent DNA repair regulated by FOXO1 knockdown via PFKFB3 attenuates hyperglycemia-induced endothelial oxidative stress injury. Redox Biol. 2023;59:102589. doi:10.1016\/j.redox.2022.102589"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Biomolecules","first-page":"579","article-title":"Exploring the roles of liver X receptors in lipid metabolism and immunity in atherosclerosis","volume":"15","author":"Endo-Umeda K","year":"2025","unstructured":"Endo-Umeda K, Makishima M. Exploring the roles of liver X receptors in lipid metabolism and immunity in atherosclerosis. Biomolecules. 2025;15(4):579. doi:10.3390\/biom15040579"},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Biomedicines","first-page":"601","article-title":"Risk factors association with transcriptional activity of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) genes in patients with heart failure","volume":"12","author":"Dabek J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dabek J, Korzen D, Sierka O, Paluszkiewicz L, Milting H, Gasior Z. Risk factors association with transcriptional activity of metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) genes in patients with heart failure. Biomedicines. 2024;12(3):601."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis","first-page":"34","article-title":"Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure","volume":"82","author":"Alebna PL","year":"2024","unstructured":"Alebna PL, Mehta A, Yehya A, daSilva-deAbreu A, Lavie CJ, Carbone S. Update on obesity, the obesity paradox, and obesity management in heart failure. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2024;82:34\u201342. doi:10.1016\/j.pcad.2024.01.003"},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"448","article-title":"Myocardial Rev-erb-mediated diurnal metabolic rhythm and obesity paradox","volume":"145","author":"Song S","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song S, Tien CL, Cui H,  Myocardial Rev-erb-mediated diurnal metabolic rhythm and obesity paradox. Circulation. 2022;145(6):448\u2013464. doi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056076"},{"issue":"9","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"670","article-title":"APOE genotypes modify the obesity paradox in dementia","volume":"94","author":"Shinohara M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shinohara M, Gheni G, Hitomi J, Bu G, Sato N. APOE genotypes modify the obesity paradox in dementia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2023;94(9):670\u2013680. doi:10.1136\/jnnp-2022-331034"},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle","first-page":"2111","article-title":"Obesity and long-term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population-based cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Akyea RK","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akyea RK, Doehner W, Iyen B, Weng SF, Qureshi N, Ntaios G. Obesity and long-term outcomes after incident stroke: a prospective population-based cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2021;12(6):2111\u20132121. doi:10.1002\/jcsm.12818"},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"144","article-title":"Adiposity and outcome after ischemic stroke: obesity paradox for mortality and obesity parabola for favorable functional outcomes","volume":"52","author":"Liu Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu Z, Sanossian N, Starkman S,  Adiposity and outcome after ischemic stroke: obesity paradox for mortality and obesity parabola for favorable functional outcomes. Stroke. 2021;52(1):144\u2013151. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027900"},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"Int J Stroke","first-page":"907","article-title":"Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes","volume":"19","author":"Miwa K","year":"2024","unstructured":"Miwa K, Nakai M, Yoshimura S,  Clinical impact of body mass index on outcomes of ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. Int J Stroke. 2024;19(8):907\u2013915. doi:10.1177\/17474930241249370"},{"issue":"8","key":"b27","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"2552","article-title":"Association between abnormal body weight and stroke outcome: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"28","author":"Zhang P","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang P, Yan XL, Qu Y, Guo ZN, Yang Y. Association between abnormal body weight and stroke outcome: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Neurol. 2021;28(8):2552\u20132564. doi:10.1111\/ene.14881"},{"issue":"4","key":"b28","series-title":"Stroke","first-page":"999","article-title":"Obesity paradox in intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"50","author":"Persaud SR","year":"2019","unstructured":"Persaud SR, Lieber AC, Donath E,  Obesity paradox in intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 2019;50(4):999\u20131002. doi:10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.024638"},{"issue":"3","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"502","article-title":"The progression of pathophysiology of moyamoya disease","volume":"93","author":"Chen T","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen T, Wei W, Yu J,  The progression of pathophysiology of moyamoya disease. Neurosurgery. 2023;93(3):502\u2013509. doi:10.1227\/neu.0000000000002455"},{"issue":"6","key":"b30","series-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol","first-page":"H1204","article-title":"PVAT adipocyte: energizing, modulating, and structuring vascular function during normotensive and hypertensive states","volume":"328","author":"Rendon CJ","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rendon CJ, Watts SW, Contreras GA. PVAT adipocyte: energizing, modulating, and structuring vascular function during normotensive and hypertensive states. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2025;328(6):H1204\u2013H1217. doi:10.1152\/ajpheart.00093.2025"},{"issue":"7","key":"b31","series-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Metabolic regulation of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels by perivascular adipose tissue","volume":"45","author":"Gollasch M","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gollasch M, Kassmann M, Alves DT, Garscha U, Tsvetkov D. Metabolic regulation of vascular smooth muscle potassium channels by perivascular adipose tissue. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2025;45(7):1031\u20131040. doi:10.1161\/ATVBAHA.125.321693"},{"issue":"6","key":"b32","series-title":"Biomolecules","first-page":"982","article-title":"Emerging role of adiponectin\/AdipoRs signaling in choroidal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy","volume":"13","author":"Choubey M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Choubey M, Bora P. Emerging role of adiponectin\/AdipoRs signaling in choroidal neovascularization, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic retinopathy. Biomolecules. 2023;13(6):982. doi:10.3390\/biom13060982"},{"issue":"3","key":"b33","series-title":"Compr Physiol","first-page":"e70018","article-title":"Adipose tissue-derived adipokines in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: insights and implications","volume":"15","author":"Bruder A","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bruder A, Bruder-Nascimento T. Adipose tissue-derived adipokines in vascular physiology and pathophysiology: insights and implications. Compr Physiol. 2025;15(3):e70018. doi:10.1002\/cph4.70018"},{"issue":"1","key":"b34","series-title":"Curr Nutr Rep","first-page":"66","article-title":"Zingiberaceae in cardiovascular health: a review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism","volume":"14","author":"Naidu D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Naidu D, Althaf Umar KP, Muhsina K, Augustine S, Jeengar MK, S KK. Zingiberaceae in cardiovascular health: a review of adipokine modulation and endothelial protection via adipocyte-endothelial crosstalk mechanism. Curr Nutr Rep. 2025;14(1):66. doi:10.1007\/s13668-025-00656-x"},{"issue":"12","key":"b35","series-title":"Eur J Neurol","first-page":"2499","article-title":"Hemorrhagic patterns and their risk factors in patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"27","author":"Zhang Q","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Q, Zhao M, Ge P,  Hemorrhagic patterns and their risk factors in patients with moyamoya disease. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(12):2499\u20132507. doi:10.1111\/ene.14477"},{"issue":"12","key":"b36","series-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol","first-page":"2386","article-title":"Ischemic patterns and their angiographic risk factors in adult patients with moyamoya disease","volume":"10","author":"Luo S","year":"2023","unstructured":"Luo S, Zhan W, Zhang L,  Ischemic patterns and their angiographic risk factors in adult patients with moyamoya disease. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2023;10(12):2386\u20132393. doi:10.1002\/acn3.51927"},{"issue":"2","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"408","article-title":"Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"132","author":"Funaki T","year":"2020","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  Effect of choroidal collateral vessels on de novo hemorrhage in moyamoya disease: analysis of nonhemorrhagic hemispheres in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(2):408\u2013414. doi:10.3171\/2018.10.JNS181139"},{"issue":"2","key":"b38","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"525","article-title":"High rebleeding risk associated with choroidal collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: analysis of a nonsurgical cohort in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial","volume":"130","author":"Funaki T","year":"2019","unstructured":"Funaki T, Takahashi JC, Houkin K,  High rebleeding risk associated with choroidal collateral vessels in hemorrhagic moyamoya disease: analysis of a nonsurgical cohort in the Japan Adult Moyamoya Trial. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(2):525\u2013530. doi:10.3171\/2017.9.JNS17576"},{"issue":"2","key":"b39","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Morphologic differences between ruptured and unruptured choroidal anastomosis in adult moyamoya disease: a high-resolution vessel wall imaging study","volume":"140","author":"Ryu J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ryu J, Lee KM, Woo HG, Park JI, Choi SK. Morphologic differences between ruptured and unruptured choroidal anastomosis in adult moyamoya disease: a high-resolution vessel wall imaging study. J Neurosurg. 2024;140(2):441\u2013449. doi:10.3171\/2023.6.JNS231017"},{"issue":"1","key":"b40","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"856","article-title":"Aneurysmal formation of periventricular anastomosis is associated with collateral development of moyamoya disease and its rupture portends poor prognosis: detailed analysis by multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches","volume":"47","author":"Sato D","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sato D, Miyawaki S, Torazawa S,  Aneurysmal formation of periventricular anastomosis is associated with collateral development of moyamoya disease and its rupture portends poor prognosis: detailed analysis by multivariate statistical and machine learning approaches. Neurosurg Rev. 2024;47(1):856. doi:10.1007\/s10143-024-03097-2"},{"issue":"1","key":"b41","series-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry","first-page":"36","article-title":"Changing ischaemic lesion patterns in adult moyamoya disease","volume":"80","author":"Kim JM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim JM, Lee SH, Roh JK. Changing ischaemic lesion patterns in adult moyamoya disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009;80(1):36\u201340. doi:10.1136\/jnnp.2008.145078"},{"issue":"4","key":"b42","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"966","article-title":"Prediction of postoperative cerebral infarction after combined bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors","volume":"141","author":"Un Lee S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Un Lee S, Lee Y, Won Choi T,  Prediction of postoperative cerebral infarction after combined bypass surgery in adult moyamoya disease: combining quantitative parameters on RAPID perfusion CT with clinically related factors. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(4):966\u2013974. doi:10.3171\/2024.1.JNS232641"},{"issue":"11","key":"b43","series-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab","first-page":"1951","article-title":"Cortical spreading depolarization-induced constriction of penetrating arteries can cause watershed ischemia: a potential mechanism for white matter lesions","volume":"43","author":"D\u00f6nmez-Demir B","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u00f6nmez-Demir B, Yemisci M, Uruk G,  Cortical spreading depolarization-induced constriction of penetrating arteries can cause watershed ischemia: a potential mechanism for white matter lesions. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2023;43(11):1951\u20131966. doi:10.1177\/0271678X231186959"},{"issue":"1","key":"b44","series-title":"Ann Med","first-page":"2362872","article-title":"Exploration of the risk factor for infarction after revascularization in moyamoya disease","volume":"56","author":"Sun T","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun T, Zeng Q, Huang L,  Exploration of the risk factor for infarction after revascularization in moyamoya disease. Ann Med. 2024;56(1):2362872. doi:10.1080\/07853890.2024.2362872"}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/144\/6\/article-p1334.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/144\/6\/article-p1334.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/144\/6\/article-p1334.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T14:32:49Z","timestamp":1781793169000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg\/144\/6\/article-p1334.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]},"references-count":88,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.10.jns251359","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-3085","1933-0693"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-3085","type":"print"},{"value":"1933-0693","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]]}}}