{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:24:51Z","timestamp":1794219891766,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) thalamotomy has become a popular tool in the neurosurgical armamentarium for managing tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Given the recent exponential growth in the use of this technology, the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, which acts as the joint section representing the field of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery on behalf of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and the American Association of Neurological Surgeons, provides an update on treatment indications and the efficacy and safety of MRgFUS for the treatment of tremor.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In ET, the efficacy of MRgFUS thalamotomy is supported by several open-label and 1 prospective, double-blind, sham-controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT) that showed a 47% improvement in hand tremor in the short term. Follow-up studies demonstrated that the benefits of MRgFUS for ET are sustained in the long term. Studies investigating the effects of bilateral staged MRgFUS thalamotomy in patients with ET have shown that tremor improvement on the second side was as significant as that observed after the first procedure. The efficacy of MRgFUS thalamotomy for PD tremor is supported by a systematic meta-analysis that consisted predominantly of smaller, nonrandomized studies; 1 RCT; and 1 prospective cohort study. Despite a significant short-term improvement in PD tremor, the long-term effects of this therapy remain unknown. Common early adverse effects of MRgFUS thalamotomy include gait disturbance and paresthesias. These, however, tend to subside over time. Other reported side effects are dysarthria, ataxia, taste disturbance, motor deficits, and speech difficulty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRgFUS thalamotomy is a safe, effective, and durable intervention for refractory ET in appropriately selected patients. The procedure appears to be safe and effective for PD tremor, although the long-term durability of the technique remains a concern. Early experience with bilateral staged lesions for ET suggests the procedure to be safe and effective.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.11.jns251828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T01:37:56Z","timestamp":1774661876000},"page":"4-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Magnetic resonance\u2013guided focused ultrasound for the management of tremor: update on the position statement of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"145","author":[{"given":"Clement","family":"Hamani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. Jeffrey","family":"Elias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon H.","family":"Baltuch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Rutgers Health, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua M.","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Schwalb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen L.","family":"Air","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Health, Detroit, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andre G.","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Sweet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jon T.","family":"Willie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D.","family":"Rolston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dario J.","family":"Englot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nir","family":"Lipsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajmal","family":"Zemmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Robley Rex Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph S.","family":"Neimat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Rees","family":"Cosgrove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mass General Brigham, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wael F.","family":"Asaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Brown University Alpert Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rushna","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julie G.","family":"Pilitsis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shabbar F.","family":"Danish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Medical School, Neptune, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"730","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias WJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG,  A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. 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