{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:04:59Z","timestamp":1780131899552,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical intervention is a standard treatment for severe cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), but postoperative outcomes can vary based on socioeconomic characteristics such as insurance status. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of insurance on patient-reported outcomes (PROs) at 60 months postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, the Spine CORe\u2122 study group analyzed data from the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) database. Chi-square and Kruskal-Wallis tests were performed to identify the associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and insurance type. The chi-square test was also used to examine the influence of insurance type on the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for each outcome measure. Statistically significant covariates (p &lt; 0.001) were used in a multivariate linear regression model measuring the influence of insurance type on 60-month changes in scores for neck and arm pain numeric rating scale (NRS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), EQ-5D, and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From a dataset of 1085 patients who underwent CSM surgery, 106 patients died during the 5-year follow-up period and 793 had an NDI score at the 5-year follow-up. The follow-up rate was 83% ([793 with NDI + 106 died]\/1085 patients). Of the 1085 patients, the authors excluded patients with Veterans Affairs insurance, no insurance, or who were missing baseline PROs, which left 1030 patients with Medicare (n = 408), Medicaid (n = 75), and private (n = 547) insurance with 60-month PROs. Insurance status varied based on demographics and medical comorbidities (each p &lt; 0.05). Medicaid patients had significantly worse scores at baseline and 60 months for arm and neck NRS, NDI, EQ-5D, and mJOA (each p &lt; 0.05). In multivariate analysis after adjustment for relevant covariates, compared with private insurance, only Medicare insurance was associated with lower 60-month EQ-5D scores (\u03b2 \u22120.05, 95% CI \u22120.09 to \u22120.01; p &lt; 0.05). Otherwise, there was no significant difference in PROs. Medicaid insurance was not significantly associated with differences in any of the outcomes after covariate adjustment compared to private insurance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Despite having worse baseline scores, patients with Medicaid insurance coverage had similar rates of achievement of MCID compared with those with private insurance. These results suggest that patients with CSM who underwent surgery had improvement in PROs for all insurance types.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.12.focus25941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:31:14Z","timestamp":1777635074000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does insurance type influence patient-reported satisfaction at 60 months following surgery for cervical myelopathy? A Spine CORe\u2122 analysis of QOD data"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Christine","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradley Q.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"DiGiorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Alentado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxim Health, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Meyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxim Health, Cedar Knolls, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee and Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee and Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheerag D.","family":"Upadhyaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Po","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis M.","family":"Tumial\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan S.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay D.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Yee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oren N.","family":"Gottfried","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalsi-Ryan S, Karadimas SK, Fehlings MG. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder. Neuroscientist. 2013;19(4):409\u2013421. doi:10.1177\/1073858412467377"},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"265","article-title":"Satisfaction in surgically treated patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","volume":"25","author":"Chu Kwan W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu Kwan W, Ailon T, Dea N,  Satisfaction in surgically treated patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Spine J. 2025;25(2):265\u2013275. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.09.024"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"500","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study","volume":"42","author":"Zeitouni D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeitouni D, Johnson SE, Ibrahim S,  Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study. 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A QOD study","volume":"41","author":"Park C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park C, Bhowmick DA, Shaffrey CI,  Do class III obese patients achieve similar outcomes and satisfaction to nonobese patients following surgery for cervical myelopathy? A QOD study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2024;41(5):604\u2013610. doi:10.3171\/2024.6.SPINE24126"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"286","article-title":"Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status impact healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients in the Deep South","volume":"42","author":"Sun Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y, Gross EG, Hamo MA,  Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status impact healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients in the Deep South. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(3):286\u2013298. doi:10.3171\/2024.8.SPINE24604"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e495","article-title":"Does age and Medicare status affect clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?","volume":"166","author":"Toci GR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toci GR, Lambrechts MJ, Issa TZ,  Does age and Medicare status affect clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion? World Neurosurg. 2022;166:e495\u2013e503. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.07.032"},{"issue":"14","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Variation in commercial insurance type impacts access to cervical spine surgery","volume":"48","author":"Durand WM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Durand WM, Ortiz-Babilonia C, Raad M, Kurian S, Reyes MC, Jain A. Variation in commercial insurance type impacts access to cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2023;48(14):1003\u20131008. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004543"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"71","article-title":"Determinants of quality of life in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Hirayama Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirayama Y, Mowforth OD, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Determinants of quality of life in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(1):71\u201381. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2021.1999390"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"41","article-title":"Social risk factors predicting outcomes of cervical myelopathy surgery","volume":"37","author":"Rethorn ZD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rethorn ZD, Cook CE, Park C,  Social risk factors predicting outcomes of cervical myelopathy surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;37(1):41\u201348. doi:10.3171\/2021.12.SPINE21874"},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Acad Emerg Med","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Clinically important change in the visual analog scale after adequate pain control","volume":"10","author":"Lee JS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee JS, Hobden E, Stiell IG, Wells GA. Clinically important change in the visual analog scale after adequate pain control. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(10):1128\u20131130. doi:10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00586.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"b12","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"717","article-title":"Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values","volume":"46","author":"Khan I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan I, Pennings JS, Devin CJ,  Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2021;46(11):717\u2013725. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000003887"},{"issue":"Supplement_1","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"144","article-title":"Using the QOD to identify minimum clinically important differences for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy","volume":"70","author":"Lakomkin N","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lakomkin N, Michalopoulos G, Kai-Hong Chan A,  Using the QOD to identify minimum clinically important differences for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy. Neurosurgery. 2024;70(Supplement_1):144. doi:10.1227\/neu.0000000000002809_471"},{"issue":"21","key":"b14","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1653","article-title":"The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"40","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Nouri A, Kopjar B, C\u00f4t\u00e9 P, Fehlings MG. The minimum clinically important difference of the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2015;40(21):1653\u20131659. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001127"},{"issue":"19","key":"b15","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"2579","article-title":"Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care","volume":"283","author":"Fiscella K","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fiscella K, Franks P, Gold MR, Clancy CM. Inequality in quality: addressing socioeconomic, racial, and ethnic disparities in health care. JAMA. 2000;283(19):2579\u20132584. doi:10.1001\/jama.283.19.2579"},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"428","article-title":"Does the number of social factors affect long-term patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in those with cervical myelopathy? 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World Neurosurg. 2022;164:e1024\u2013e1033. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.05.094"},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"453","article-title":"What predicts the best 24-month outcomes following surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy? A QOD prospective registry study","volume":"40","author":"Chan AK","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chan AK, Park C, Shaffrey CI,  What predicts the best 24-month outcomes following surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy? A QOD prospective registry study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2024;40(4):453\u2013464. doi:10.3171\/2023.11.SPINE23222"},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"197","article-title":"Do patients with high ASA grades benefit from CSM surgery? A report from the Quality Outcomes Database","volume":"38","author":"Ambati VS","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ambati VS, Patel A, Dada A,  Do patients with high ASA grades benefit from CSM surgery? A report from the Quality Outcomes Database. Clin Spine Surg. 2025;38(4):197\u2013203. doi:10.1097\/BSD.0000000000001774"},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"533","article-title":"Does smoking status affect baseline symptom severity and patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in patients with cervical myelopathy at 24 months? A Quality Outcomes Database study","volume":"42","author":"Park C","year":"2025","unstructured":"Park C, Bhowmick D, Shaffrey CI,  Does smoking status affect baseline symptom severity and patient-reported outcomes and satisfaction in patients with cervical myelopathy at 24 months? A Quality Outcomes Database study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(5):533\u2013540. doi:10.3171\/2024.10.SPINE24744"},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"42","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?","volume":"38","author":"Chan AK","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chan AK, Shaffrey CI, Gottfried ON,  Cervical spondylotic myelopathy with severe axial neck pain: is anterior or posterior approach better?. J Neurosurg Spine. 2023;38(1):42\u201355. doi:10.3171\/2022.6.SPINE22110"},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Neuroscientist","first-page":"409","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder","volume":"19","author":"Kalsi-Ryan S","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalsi-Ryan S, Karadimas SK, Fehlings MG. Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: the clinical phenomenon and the current pathobiology of an increasingly prevalent and devastating disorder. Neuroscientist. 2013;19(4):409\u2013421. doi:10.1177\/1073858412467377"},{"issue":"2","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"265","article-title":"Satisfaction in surgically treated patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network","volume":"25","author":"Chu Kwan W","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chu Kwan W, Ailon T, Dea N,  Satisfaction in surgically treated patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy: an observational study from the Canadian Spine Outcomes and Research Network. Spine J. 2025;25(2):265\u2013275. doi:10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.09.024"},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"500","article-title":"Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study","volume":"42","author":"Zeitouni D","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zeitouni D, Johnson SE, Ibrahim S,  Patient-reported outcome trajectories the first 24 months after surgery for cervical spondylotic myelopathy: a Quality Outcomes Database study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(4):500\u2013508. doi:10.3171\/2024.9.SPINE24351"},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"186","article-title":"Impact of race and insurance status on surgical approach for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the United States: a population-based analysis","volume":"42","author":"McClelland S","year":"2017","unstructured":"McClelland S, Marascalchi BJ, Passias PG, Protopsaltis TS, Frempong-Boadu AK, Errico TJ. Impact of race and insurance status on surgical approach for cervical spondylotic myelopathy in the United States: a population-based analysis. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(3):186\u2013194. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001693"},{"issue":"5","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"604","article-title":"Do class III obese patients achieve similar outcomes and satisfaction to nonobese patients following surgery for cervical myelopathy? A QOD study","volume":"41","author":"Park C","year":"2024","unstructured":"Park C, Bhowmick DA, Shaffrey CI,  Do class III obese patients achieve similar outcomes and satisfaction to nonobese patients following surgery for cervical myelopathy? A QOD study. J Neurosurg Spine. 2024;41(5):604\u2013610. doi:10.3171\/2024.6.SPINE24126"},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"286","article-title":"Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status impact healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients in the Deep South","volume":"42","author":"Sun Y","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sun Y, Gross EG, Hamo MA,  Neighborhood-level measures of socioeconomic status impact healthcare utilization and surgical outcomes in cervical spondylotic myelopathy patients in the Deep South. J Neurosurg Spine. 2025;42(3):286\u2013298. doi:10.3171\/2024.8.SPINE24604"},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e495","article-title":"Does age and Medicare status affect clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?","volume":"166","author":"Toci GR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Toci GR, Lambrechts MJ, Issa TZ,  Does age and Medicare status affect clinical outcomes in patients undergoing anterior cervical discectomy and fusion? World Neurosurg. 2022;166:e495\u2013e503. doi:10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.07.032"},{"issue":"14","key":"b8","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1003","article-title":"Variation in commercial insurance type impacts access to cervical spine surgery","volume":"48","author":"Durand WM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Durand WM, Ortiz-Babilonia C, Raad M, Kurian S, Reyes MC, Jain A. Variation in commercial insurance type impacts access to cervical spine surgery. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2023;48(14):1003\u20131008. doi:10.1097\/BRS.0000000000004543"},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"71","article-title":"Determinants of quality of life in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Hirayama Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hirayama Y, Mowforth OD, Davies BM, Kotter MRN. Determinants of quality of life in degenerative cervical myelopathy: a systematic review. Br J Neurosurg. 2023;37(1):71\u201381. doi:10.1080\/02688697.2021.1999390"},{"issue":"1","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"41","article-title":"Social risk factors predicting outcomes of cervical myelopathy surgery","volume":"37","author":"Rethorn ZD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rethorn ZD, Cook CE, Park C,  Social risk factors predicting outcomes of cervical myelopathy surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2022;37(1):41\u201348. doi:10.3171\/2021.12.SPINE21874"},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Acad Emerg Med","first-page":"1128","article-title":"Clinically important change in the visual analog scale after adequate pain control","volume":"10","author":"Lee JS","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee JS, Hobden E, Stiell IG, Wells GA. Clinically important change in the visual analog scale after adequate pain control. Acad Emerg Med. 2003;10(10):1128\u20131130. doi:10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2003.tb00586.x"},{"issue":"11","key":"b12","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"717","article-title":"Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values","volume":"46","author":"Khan I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khan I, Pennings JS, Devin CJ,  Clinically meaningful improvement following cervical spine surgery: 30% reduction versus absolute point-change MCID values. 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