{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:04:46Z","timestamp":1780131886448,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Unemployment following surgery incurs significant societal costs. The authors aimed to identify predictors of return to work (RTW) following surgery for patients with grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This Spine CORe\u2122 study is a post hoc analysis of prospectively collected data from the Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis module. Patients were divided into 2 groups: employed preoperatively and unemployed preoperatively. Univariate and multivariate instruments were used to identify predictors of RTW\/employment within 5 years postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Across the 12 highest enrolling QOD sites (Spine CORe\u2122 group), 608 patients were enrolled with 81% having Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) follow-up data. Of these 608 patients, 604 patients had baseline employment status recorded. Of 275 patients who were employed preoperatively, 249 had RTW follow-up data. Of the 329 patients unemployed preoperatively, 218 had RTW follow-up data. The study cohort follow-up for RTW was 77%. By 5 years postoperatively, 87.1% (n = 217) of those employed preoperatively and 22.0% (n = 48) of those unemployed preoperatively returned to work. In each cohort, there were no differences in age, sex, BMI, and American Society of Anesthesiologists class between those who did and those who did not RTW. These results remained consistent in the subgroup analysis of patients younger than 65 years at baseline. However, the only difference observed in this age group was within the preoperatively unemployed cohort, where the RTW group had a lower BMI (28.4 \u00b1 5.5 vs 32.8 \u00b1 9.0, p = 0.001). On multivariate analysis for the preoperatively employed cohort, college degree (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.3\u201312.2) and active employment (OR 6.0, 95% CI 1.9\u201319.8) remained independent predictors of returning to work. For those preoperatively unemployed, a college degree (OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.1\u20134.4) independently predicted RTW.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 87% of patients employed preoperatively RTW, and 22% of patients unemployed preoperatively returned to the workforce within 60 months after surgery for grade 1 spondylolisthesis. College-level education independently predicted RTW for both preoperatively employed and preoperatively unemployed patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.12.focus25961","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T11:31:12Z","timestamp":1777635072000},"page":"E21","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["What factors predict return to work after surgery for grade 1 lumbar spondylolisthesis? A 5-year Spine CORe\u2122 analysis of QOD data"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Timothy J.","family":"Yee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vardhaan S.","family":"Ambati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swetha","family":"Atluri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Ravikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arati","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony","family":"DiGiorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Carolina Neurosurgery and Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxim Spine, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming G.","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Semmes Murphey Clinic, University of Tennessee, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chun-Po","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Slotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Geisinger Neuroscience Institute, Danville, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Glassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, 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