{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T22:47:12Z","timestamp":1776811632882,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnetic resonance imaging\u2013based, robot-assisted stereotactic brain biopsy is increasingly used worldwide. However, large series reporting nonyield biopsy rates of robot-assisted biopsies are lacking in the literature. The aim of this study was to report a 21-year-long experience on MRI-based, robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy for brain lesions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The records from a single-center, retrospective, and consecutive collection of all adult patients undergoing MRI-based, robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy for a brain lesion in a tertiary neurosurgical center from December 2002 to January 2024 were reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 911 patients (377 females, mean age at surgery 61.1 \u00b1 16.7 years) were included. Of these patients, 15 (1.6%) had a nonyield biopsy. The nonyield biopsy rate remained stable over the 21-year-long study period (p = 0.224). The nonyield biopsy rate was significantly higher for neurological diseases (4\/19, 21.5%) than infectious diseases (1\/20, 5.0%) and tumors (10\/872, 1.1%) (p &lt; 0.001). There were significantly more nonyield biopsies for deep-seated lesions (8\/261, 3.1%) than for superficial lesions (6\/612, 1.0%) (p = 0.025) and non\u2013contrast-enhanced lesions (6\/99, 6.1%) than in contrast-enhanced lesions (9\/797, 1.1%) (p &lt; 0.001). Patients in the nonyield biopsy group had significantly smaller lesions on both contrast-enhanced 3D T1-weighted sequences (1.9 \u00b1 2.2 vs 27.1 \u00b1 29.5 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p = 0.046) and FLAIR sequences (14.0 \u00b1 17.0 vs 80.7 \u00b1 73.3 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , p &lt; 0.001). Preoperative corticosteroid administration (407\/911, 44.7%; with the bias that corticosteroids were avoided in patients with suspected lymphoma), number of biopsy samples (mean 4.9 \u00b1 2.4), neurosurgeon experience, and WHO classification versions were not associated with a higher risk of nonyield biopsy (p = 0.274, p = 0.053, p = 0.968, and p = 0.366, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MRI-based, robot-assisted stereotactic biopsy led to a low rate of nonyield biopsy. Neurological disease, non\u2013contrast-enhanced lesions, and deep-seated lesions were more at risk of nonyield biopsy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.2.jns242273","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T14:30:48Z","timestamp":1757687448000},"page":"1490-1500","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of nonyield brain biopsy: a 21-year experience with robot-assisted stereotactic biopsies"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Schumacher","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benoit","family":"Hudelist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Paun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Benzakoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Demasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meissa","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Roux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Moiraghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Elia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Parraga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edouard","family":"Dezamis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabrice","family":"Chretien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Varlet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"},{"name":"Department of Neuropathology, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Oppenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"},{"name":"Department of Neuroradiology, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Pallud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Zanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, GHU site Sainte-Anne, Paris;"},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris;"},{"name":"Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), INSERM (UMR_S1266), Paris;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"45","article-title":"The structure and functions of the cerebellum examined by a new method","volume":"31","author":"Horsley V","year":"1908","unstructured":"Horsley V, Clarke RH. 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