{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:03:18Z","timestamp":1793037798559,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Intracranial electrographic localization of seizure onset zones can guide surgical planning for patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) and subdural electrode (SDE) monitoring are the two primary intracranial seizure onset zone localization methods. However, the limited availability of data has made it challenging to directly compare the two methods since they have become used contemporaneously. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehensively compare the safety and seizure outcome profiles of SEEG and SDE monitoring by performing a double-arm meta-analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane to identify studies comparing SEEG and SDE in patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Only double-arm studies that presented quantitative primary data about seizure outcomes were included. Eligible studies were also assessed for complication rates as a secondary outcome measure. A subgroup analysis was conducted based on age (pediatric only, general, and older cohorts).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 233 initially screened unique studies, 15 met inclusion criteria, comprising a total of 1632 patients who underwent SEEG and 1482 patients who underwent SDE monitoring. For all included patients, the rate of favorable seizure outcome was greater for SEEG than for SDE (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02\u20131.27; p = 0.02), and the subgroup analysis based on age demonstrated significantly improved seizure outcomes in the general cohort (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.30; p = 0.05) with no significant differences in treatment effect between subgroups (p = 0.92). Regarding safety, SEEG had a lower complication rate than SDE in an analysis of all included patients (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.37\u20130.66; p &lt; 0.00001), with the subgroup analysis revealing significantly lower complication rates in pediatric (RR 0.28, 95% CI 0.13\u20130.61; p = 0.001) and general (RR 0.54, 95% CI 0.40\u20130.74; p = 0.0001) cohorts, with no significant differences in treatment effect between age subgroups (p = 0.29).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SEEG provides a significantly higher likelihood of favorable seizure outcomes, and a lower complication rate, compared with SDE. However, the efficacy and safety advantages of SEEG were less pronounced in pediatric and older patients, suggesting that age-specific factors could influence the comparative effectiveness of these monitoring techniques. These findings underscore the importance of tailored approaches to intracranial monitoring based on patient demographics and risk profiles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.3.jns243188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,4]],"date-time":"2025-07-04T21:35:41Z","timestamp":1751664941000},"page":"1176-1184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparative assessment of stereoelectroencephalography and subdural electrodes in invasive epilepsy monitoring:\u2028a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Josh","family":"Bandopadhay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nolan","family":"Rizzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Hanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed T.","family":"Massoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Pichardo-Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshua","family":"Esquenazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manish N.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Science Center, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Epidemiol","first-page":"1273163","article-title":"Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures","volume":"3","author":"Chen Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Ding D, Kwan P. Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures. Front Epidemiol. 2023;3:1273163."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"296","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies","volume":"88","author":"Fiest KM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S,  Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. Neurology. 2017;88(3):296\u2013303."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"191","article-title":"The history of invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy patients","volume":"41","author":"Reif PS","year":"2016","unstructured":"Reif PS, Strzelczyk A, Rosenow F. The history of invasive EEG evaluation in epilepsy patients. Seizure. 2016;41:191\u2013195."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1868","article-title":"Depth versus surface: a critical review of subdural and depth electrodes in intracranial electroencephalographic studies","volume":"65","author":"Wu S","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu S, Issa NP, Rose SL,  Depth versus surface: a critical review of subdural and depth electrodes in intracranial electroencephalographic studies. Epilepsia. 2024;65(7):1868\u20131878."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Front Hum Neurosci","first-page":"611291","article-title":"Electrical stimulation mapping of brain function: a comparison of subdural electrodes and stereo-EEG","volume":"14","author":"Grande KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grande KM, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R. Electrical stimulation mapping of brain function: a comparison of subdural electrodes and stereo-EEG. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:611291."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"12","article-title":"Surgical outcomes related to invasive EEG monitoring with subdural grids or depth electrodes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Toth M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toth M, Papp KS, Gede N,  Surgical outcomes related to invasive EEG monitoring with subdural grids or depth electrodes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure. 2019;70:12\u201319."},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Yan H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan H, Katz JS, Anderson M,  Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review. Epilepsia. 2019;60(9):1960\u20131972."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM,  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. (updated August 2024)","author":"Higgins JPT","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, , ed. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. (updated August 2024). Accessed April 21, 2025. http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC,  ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Cingulate gyrus epilepsy: semiology, invasive EEG, and surgical approaches","volume":"48","author":"Chou CC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chou CC, Lee CC, Lin CF,  Cingulate gyrus epilepsy: semiology, invasive EEG, and surgical approaches. Neurosurg Focus. 2020;48(4):E8."},{"issue":"2","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"372","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic, subdural, or hybrid intracranial EEG monitoring in epilepsy surgery","volume":"141","author":"Jha R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jha R, Liu DD, Gerstl JVE,  Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic, subdural, or hybrid intracranial EEG monitoring in epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(2):372\u2013380."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Remick M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Remick M, Akwayena E, Harford E, Chilukuri A, White GE, Abel TJ. Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study. Neurosurg Focus. 2022;53(4):E4."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E23","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography versus subdural strip electrode implantations: feasibility, complications, and outcomes in 500 intracranial monitoring cases for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"87","author":"Joswig H","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joswig H, Lau JC, Abdallat M,  Stereoelectroencephalography versus subdural strip electrode implantations: feasibility, complications, and outcomes in 500 intracranial monitoring cases for drug-resistant epilepsy. Neurosurgery. 2020;87(1):E23\u2013E30."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"74","article-title":"Contemporaneous evaluation of patient experience, surgical strategy, and seizure outcomes in patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography or subdural electrode monitoring","volume":"62","author":"Kim LH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim LH, Parker JJ, Ho AL,  Contemporaneous evaluation of patient experience, surgical strategy, and seizure outcomes in patients undergoing stereoelectroencephalography or subdural electrode monitoring. Epilepsia. 2021;62(1):74\u201384."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"13","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of stereoelectroencephalography and subdural electroencephalography for preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Yang M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang M, Ma Y, Li W,  A retrospective analysis of stereoelectroencephalography and subdural electroencephalography for preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95(1):13\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"Epilepsia Open","first-page":"36","article-title":"Intracranial monitoring contributes to seizure freedom for temporal lobectomy patients with nonconcordant preoperative data","volume":"7","author":"Sokolov E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sokolov E, Sisterson ND, Hussein H,  Intracranial monitoring contributes to seizure freedom for temporal lobectomy patients with nonconcordant preoperative data. Epilepsia Open. 2022;7(1):36\u201345."},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"53","author":"Larrew T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larrew T, Skoch J, Ihnen SKZ,  Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex. Neurosurg Focus. 2022;53(4):E5."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"b19","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav","first-page":"106905","article-title":"Postoperative outcomes following pediatric intracranial electrode monitoring: a case for stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)","volume":"104","author":"Kim LH","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kim LH, Parker JJ, Ho AL,  Postoperative outcomes following pediatric intracranial electrode monitoring: a case for stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Epilepsy Behav. 2020;104(Pt A):106905."},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"418","article-title":"Depth versus subdural temporal electrodes revisited: impact on surgical outcome after resective surgery for epilepsy","volume":"128","author":"Valent\u00edn A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Valent\u00edn A, Hernando-Quintana N, Moles-Herbera J,  Depth versus subdural temporal electrodes revisited: impact on surgical outcome after resective surgery for epilepsy. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(3):418\u2013423."},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Epilepsia Open","first-page":"888","article-title":"Robot-assisted stereoencephalography vs subdural electrodes in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy","volume":"8","author":"Gorbachuk M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gorbachuk M, Machetanz K, Weinbrenner E,  Robot-assisted stereoencephalography vs subdural electrodes in the evaluation of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia Open. 2023;8(3):888\u2013897."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"Ann Neurol","first-page":"927","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic electroencephalography versus subdural grids in epilepsy surgery","volume":"90","author":"Jehi L","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jehi L, Morita-Sherman M, Love TE,  Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic electroencephalography versus subdural grids in epilepsy surgery. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(6):927\u2013939."},{"key":"b23","series-title":"Epilepsy Res","first-page":"106758","article-title":"Comparison of subdural grid and stereoelectroencephalography in a cohort of pediatric patients","volume":"177","author":"Talai A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Talai A, Eschbach K, Stence NV,  Comparison of subdural grid and stereoelectroencephalography in a cohort of pediatric patients. Epilepsy Res. 2021;177:106758."},{"issue":"6","key":"b24","series-title":"JAMA Neurol","first-page":"672","article-title":"Analysis of morbidity and outcomes associated with use of subdural grids vs stereoelectroencephalography in patients with intractable epilepsy","volume":"76","author":"Tandon N","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tandon N, Tong BA, Friedman ER,  Analysis of morbidity and outcomes associated with use of subdural grids vs stereoelectroencephalography in patients with intractable epilepsy. JAMA Neurol. 2019;76(6):672\u2013681."},{"key":"b25","series-title":"Epilepsy Behav Case Rep","first-page":"92","article-title":"Extra operative intracranial EEG monitoring for epilepsy surgery in elderly patients","volume":"10","author":"Punia V","year":"2018","unstructured":"Punia V, Bulacio J, Gonzalez-Martinez J,  Extra operative intracranial EEG monitoring for epilepsy surgery in elderly patients. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep. 2018;10:92\u201395."},{"key":"b26","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"S16","article-title":"The Bancaud and Talairach view on the epileptogenic zone: a working hypothesis","volume":"8","author":"Kahane P","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kahane P, Landr\u00e9 E, Minotti L, Francione S, Ryvlin P. The Bancaud and Talairach view on the epileptogenic zone: a working hypothesis. Epileptic Disord. 2006;8:S16-S26."},{"issue":"1","key":"b27","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"83","article-title":"Evolution of SEEG strategy: Stanford experience","volume":"35","author":"Buch VP","year":"2024","unstructured":"Buch VP, Parvizi J. Evolution of SEEG strategy: Stanford experience. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2024;35(1):83\u201385."},{"issue":"4","key":"b28","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"706","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsy: a retrospective analysis of 215 procedures","volume":"57","author":"Cossu M","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cossu M, Cardinale F, Castana L,  Stereoelectroencephalography in the presurgical evaluation of focal epilepsy: a retrospective analysis of 215 procedures. Neurosurgery. 2005;57(4):706\u2013718."},{"issue":"4","key":"b29","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"483","article-title":"Efficacy of and morbidity associated with stereoelectroencephalography using computerized tomography\u2013or magnetic resonance imaging-guided electrode implantation","volume":"104","author":"de Almeida AN","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Almeida AN, Olivier A, Quesney F, Dubeau F, Savard G, Andermann F. Efficacy of and morbidity associated with stereoelectroencephalography using computerized tomography\u2013or magnetic resonance imaging-guided electrode implantation. J Neurosurg. 2006;104(4):483\u2013487."},{"issue":"6","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Is the use of stereotactic electroencephalography safe and effective in children? A meta-analysis of the use of stereotactic electroencephalography in comparison to subdural grids for invasive epilepsy monitoring in pediatric subjects","volume":"84","author":"Sacino MF","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sacino MF, Huang SS, Schreiber J, Gaillard WD, Oluigbo CO. Is the use of stereotactic electroencephalography safe and effective in children? A meta-analysis of the use of stereotactic electroencephalography in comparison to subdural grids for invasive epilepsy monitoring in pediatric subjects. Neurosurgery. 2019;84(6):1190\u20131200."},{"issue":"3","key":"b31","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"386","article-title":"Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications","volume":"57","author":"Mullin JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mullin JP, Shriver M, Alomar S,  Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications. 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World Neurosurg. 2021;149:e1112\u2013e1122."},{"key":"b1","series-title":"Front Epidemiol","first-page":"1273163","article-title":"Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures","volume":"3","author":"Chen Z","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Ding D, Kwan P. Editorial: Epidemiology of epilepsy and seizures. Front Epidemiol. 2023;3:1273163."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"296","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies","volume":"88","author":"Fiest KM","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S,  Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. 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Epilepsia. 2024;65(7):1868\u20131878."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Front Hum Neurosci","first-page":"611291","article-title":"Electrical stimulation mapping of brain function: a comparison of subdural electrodes and stereo-EEG","volume":"14","author":"Grande KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grande KM, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R. Electrical stimulation mapping of brain function: a comparison of subdural electrodes and stereo-EEG. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020;14:611291."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"12","article-title":"Surgical outcomes related to invasive EEG monitoring with subdural grids or depth electrodes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Toth M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Toth M, Papp KS, Gede N,  Surgical outcomes related to invasive EEG monitoring with subdural grids or depth electrodes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure. 2019;70:12\u201319."},{"issue":"9","key":"b7","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Yan H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan H, Katz JS, Anderson M,  Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review. Epilepsia. 2019;60(9):1960\u20131972."},{"key":"b8","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM,  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. (updated August 2024)","author":"Higgins JPT","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, , ed. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.5. (updated August 2024). Accessed April 21, 2025. http:\/\/www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"i4919","article-title":"ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions","volume":"355","author":"Sterne JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Hern\u00e1n MA, Reeves BC,  ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ. 2016;355:i4919."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Cingulate gyrus epilepsy: semiology, invasive EEG, and surgical approaches","volume":"48","author":"Chou CC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chou CC, Lee CC, Lin CF,  Cingulate gyrus epilepsy: semiology, invasive EEG, and surgical approaches. Neurosurg Focus. 2020;48(4):E8."},{"issue":"2","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"372","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic, subdural, or hybrid intracranial EEG monitoring in epilepsy surgery","volume":"141","author":"Jha R","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jha R, Liu DD, Gerstl JVE,  Comparative effectiveness of stereotactic, subdural, or hybrid intracranial EEG monitoring in epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg. 2024;141(2):372\u2013380."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E4","article-title":"Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"53","author":"Remick M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Remick M, Akwayena E, Harford E, Chilukuri A, White GE, Abel TJ. Subdural electrodes versus stereoelectroencephalography for pediatric epileptogenic zone localization: a retrospective cohort study. 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Epilepsia. 2021;62(1):74\u201384."},{"issue":"1","key":"b16","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"13","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of stereoelectroencephalography and subdural electroencephalography for preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy","volume":"95","author":"Yang M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang M, Ma Y, Li W,  A retrospective analysis of stereoelectroencephalography and subdural electroencephalography for preoperative evaluation of intractable epilepsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2017;95(1):13\u201320."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"Epilepsia Open","first-page":"36","article-title":"Intracranial monitoring contributes to seizure freedom for temporal lobectomy patients with nonconcordant preoperative data","volume":"7","author":"Sokolov E","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sokolov E, Sisterson ND, Hussein H,  Intracranial monitoring contributes to seizure freedom for temporal lobectomy patients with nonconcordant preoperative data. Epilepsia Open. 2022;7(1):36\u201345."},{"issue":"4","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E5","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"53","author":"Larrew T","year":"2022","unstructured":"Larrew T, Skoch J, Ihnen SKZ,  Comparison of outcomes after stereoelectroencephalography and subdural grid monitoring in pediatric tuberous sclerosis complex. 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