{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:52:18Z","timestamp":1792522338628,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recurrence after an initial angiography-determined cure of dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) has been reported, with risk factors identified in a few studies; however, some findings remain controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate a large cohort of patients with DAVFs to estimate the recurrence rate and identify factors influencing recurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patient data for this study were derived from the Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Research and Management in China (DREAM-INI) database, compiled from a single-center retrospective study conducted in China. This analysis included only patients in whom an immediate complete cure was achieved who had subsequent angiographic follow-up. Two patient groups were compared: patients in whom a sustained durable cure was achieved and those who experienced recurrence following the initial cure. In addition to comparing baseline characteristics and follow-up results, potential risk factors for recurrence were examined and a time-to-recurrence analysis was performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 1101 patients included in the DREAM-INI dataset, 510 met the inclusion criteria for this study. Of these, 41 patients with an initially cured DAVF had 47 recurrence events; 48.8% developed new fistulas at distant sites, 36.6% had in situ recurrence, and 14.6% had both types of recurrence. The overall recurrence rate was 8.0%, with anticipated recurrence rates of 13.9% at 36 months and 24.1% at 105 months. Recurrence was more frequently observed in Borden type II DAVFs. Identified risk factors for recurrence included age &lt; 45 years, a transverse\u2013sigmoid sinus location, multiple fistulae, pial arterial supply, and venous congestion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DAVF recurrence can be classified as in situ recurrence and recurrence at other sites, both of which are closely linked to unresolved venous hypertension and the previously masked portion of the fistula. Risk factors for recurrence included age younger than 45 years, a transverse\u2013sigmoid sinus location, multiple fistulae, pial arterial supply, and venous congestion. All patients with cured DAVFs, particularly those with identified risk factors, were advised to undergo angiographic follow-up beyond 1 year.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.3.jns25203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T01:29:12Z","timestamp":1753493352000},"page":"1530-1538","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Recurrence of initial angiographic occlusion in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongjie","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huishen","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiguang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beichuan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingyue","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liyong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongqi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; and"},{"name":"China International Neuroscience Institute (CHINA-INI), Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Involvement of dural arteries in intracranial arteriovenous malformations","volume":"93","author":"Newton TH","year":"1969","unstructured":"Newton TH, Cronqvist S. Involvement of dural arteries in intracranial arteriovenous malformations. Radiology. 1969;93(5):1071\u20131078."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"671","article-title":"Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage","volume":"194","author":"Cognard C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cognard C, Gobin YP, Pierot L,  Cerebral dural arteriovenous fistulas: clinical and angiographic correlation with a revised classification of venous drainage. Radiology. 1995;194(3):671\u2013680."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"951","article-title":"Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort","volume":"136","author":"Guniganti R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Guniganti R, Giordan E, Chen CJ,  Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR): rationale, design, and initial characterization of patient cohort. J Neurosurg. 2022;136(4):951\u2013961."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"217","article-title":"Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a subanalysis for Onyx","volume":"47","author":"Ferreira MY","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferreira MY, Gunkan A, Batista S,  Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a subanalysis for Onyx. Neurosurg Rev. 2024;47(1):217."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"981","article-title":"Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR)","volume":"136","author":"Abecassis IJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abecassis IJ, Meyer RM, Levitt MR,  Recurrence after cure in cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: a collaborative effort by the Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research (CONDOR). J Neurosurg. 2022;136(4):981\u2013989."},{"issue":"4","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1123","article-title":"Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"124","author":"Ambekar S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ambekar S, Gaynor BG, Peterson EC, Elhammady MS. Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1123\u20131127."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances","volume":"3","author":"Hu YC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hu YC, Newman CB, Dashti SR, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG. Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances. J Neurointerv Surg. 2011;3(1):5\u201313."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"175","article-title":"Long-term stability of Onyx: is there any indication for repeated angiography after dural arteriovenous fistula embolization?","volume":"136","author":"Vold\u0159ich R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vold\u0159ich R, Netuka D, Charv\u00e1t F, Bene\u0161 V. Long-term stability of Onyx: is there any indication for repeated angiography after dural arteriovenous fistula embolization?. J Neurosurg. 2022;136(1):175\u2013184."},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E12","article-title":"Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization","volume":"32","author":"Adamczyk P","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamczyk P, Amar AP, Mack WJ, Larsen DW. Recurrence of \"cured\" dural arteriovenous fistulas after Onyx embolization. Neurosurg Focus. 2012;32(5):E12."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"689","article-title":"Recurrence of dural arteriovenous fistula in another location after selective transvenous coil embolization: report of two cases","volume":"23","author":"Kiyosue H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kiyosue H, Tanoue S, Okahara M, Yamashita M, Nagatomi H, Mori H. 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Aggressive cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: higher obliteration and recurrence rates?. J Neurosurg. 2023;139(5):1496\u20131497."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg. Published online February","article-title":"Dural arteriovenous fistula research and management in China (DREAM-INI): initial characterization and patient cohort outcomes","volume":"8,","author":"Su X","year":"2025","unstructured":"Su X, Ma Y, Song Z,  Dural arteriovenous fistula research and management in China (DREAM-INI): initial characterization and patient cohort outcomes. J Neurointerv Surg. Published online February 8,2025. doi:10.1136\/jnis-2024-023014"},{"issue":"4","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"306","article-title":"ONYX versus n-BCA for embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas","volume":"5","author":"Rabinov JD","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rabinov JD, Yoo AJ, Ogilvy CS, Carter BS, Hirsch JA. ONYX versus n-BCA for embolization of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurointerv Surg. 2013;5(4):306\u2013310."},{"issue":"5","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"913","article-title":"The role of surgery for high-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: importance of obliteration of venous outflow","volume":"110","author":"Liu JK","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu JK, Dogan A, Ellegala DB,  The role of surgery for high-grade intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: importance of obliteration of venous outflow. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(5):913\u2013920."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"224","article-title":"Transarterial embolization with ONYX for treatment of intracranial non-cavernous dural arteriovenous fistula with or without cortical venous reflux","volume":"3","author":"De Keukeleire K","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Keukeleire K, Vanlangenhove P, Kalala Okito JP, Hallaert G, Van Roost D, Defreyne L. 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Intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial arterial supply. Neurosurgery. 2019;84(1):104\u2013115."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"331","article-title":"Clinical, angiographic, and treatment characteristics of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial arterial supply","volume":"13","author":"Brinjikji W","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brinjikji W, Cloft HJ, Lanzino G. Clinical, angiographic, and treatment characteristics of cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas with pial arterial supply. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021;13(4):331\u2013335."},{"issue":"6","key":"b31","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"1031","article-title":"Tortuous, engorged pial veins in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlations with presentation, location, and MR findings in 122 patients","volume":"20","author":"Willinsky R","year":"1999","unstructured":"Willinsky R, Goyal M, terBrugge K, Montanera W. Tortuous, engorged pial veins in intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas: correlations with presentation, location, and MR findings in 122 patients. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1999;20(6):1031\u20131036."},{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Radiology","first-page":"1071","article-title":"Involvement of dural arteries in intracranial arteriovenous malformations","volume":"93","author":"Newton TH","year":"1969","unstructured":"Newton TH, Cronqvist S. Involvement of dural arteries in intracranial arteriovenous malformations. 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J Neurosurg. 2022;136(4):951\u2013961."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"217","article-title":"Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a subanalysis for Onyx","volume":"47","author":"Ferreira MY","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ferreira MY, Gunkan A, Batista S,  Feasibility, safety, and efficacy of endovascular treatment of anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous fistulas: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a subanalysis for Onyx. 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Long-term angiographic results of endovascularly \"cured\" intracranial dural arteriovenous fistulas. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(4):1123\u20131127."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"5","article-title":"Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances","volume":"3","author":"Hu YC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hu YC, Newman CB, Dashti SR, Albuquerque FC, McDougall CG. Cranial dural arteriovenous fistula: transarterial Onyx embolization experience and technical nuances. J Neurointerv Surg. 2011;3(1):5\u201313."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"175","article-title":"Long-term stability of Onyx: is there any indication for repeated angiography after dural arteriovenous fistula embolization?","volume":"136","author":"Vold\u0159ich R","year":"2022","unstructured":"Vold\u0159ich R, Netuka D, Charv\u00e1t F, Bene\u0161 V. 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