{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:12:04Z","timestamp":1772827924981,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors aimed to evaluate the neuropsychological outcome of pediatric victims of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its association with trauma severity and MRI findings, and to investigate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients and their families after trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a prospective cohort study of pediatric patients (\u2264 16 years) who sustained TBI and were admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care university hospital in Brazil from June 2018 to December 2019. Trauma severity was determined by Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), neurological outcome by King\u2019s Outcome Scale for Childhood Head Injury (KOSCHI), neuropsychological outcome by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children\u2013Fourth Edition, and HRQOL by the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0. Patients also underwent MRI examinations. Neurological outcome was assessed twice at a median of 6 months and 13 months after trauma. Neuropsychological and HRQOL assessment and MRI were performed at a median of 13 months after trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-seven patients were included. According to the neurological outcome categorized by KOSCHI, 25 (67.6%) patients made a good recovery and 12 (32.4%) had a disability. The neurological status did not change between the two assessments. Patients in the disability group had lower GCS scores (median 11 vs 15, p = 0.0006) and lower median values of full-scale intelligence quotient (67 vs 86, p = 0.0002), perceptual reasoning index (75 vs 92, p = 0.03), verbal comprehension index (72 vs 84, p = 0.02), working memory index (74 vs 88, p = 0.003), and processing speed index (68 vs 86, p = 0.01). The presence of MRI alterations was associated with TBI severity (median GCS score 7 vs 15, p &lt; 0.0001). Mean, axial, and radial diffusivity were higher, and fractional anisotropy was lower in patients with TBI compared with controls. HRQOL was worse in the disability group.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric patients sustaining TBI with a KOSCHI outcome classified as having a disability had poorer neuropsychological testing performance and worse HRQOL compared with patients with a good recovery. MRI metrics abnormalities suggest diffuse white matter disruption associated with pediatric TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.3.peds24605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T01:54:10Z","timestamp":1753494850000},"page":"457-464","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Neuropsychological outcome, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and health-related quality of life of pediatric victims of traumatic brain injury: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Daniele S. J.","family":"Volpe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hohana G.","family":"Konell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlos E. G.","family":"Salmon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Inbrain Lab, Department of Physics, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"},{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio C. dos","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Clinical Oncology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana P. C. P.","family":"Carlotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"b1","series-title":"Lancet Neurol","first-page":"1004","article-title":"Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research","volume":"21","author":"Maas AIR","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maas AIR, Menon DK, Manley GT,  Traumatic brain injury: progress and challenges in prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(11):1004\u20131060."},{"key":"b2","article-title":"(2018). Report to Congress: The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention Atlanta, GA.","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Report to Congress: The Management of Traumatic Brain Injury in Children, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control; Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention Atlanta, GA.Accessed July 4, 2024. https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/51852\/cdc_51852_DS1.pdf"},{"issue":"12","key":"b3","series-title":"Brain Inj","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Neuropsychological outcome of children with traumatic brain injury and its association with late magnetic resonance imaging findings: a cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Volpe DSJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volpe DSJ, Oliveira NCAC, Santos AC,  Neuropsychological outcome of children with traumatic brain injury and its association with late magnetic resonance imaging findings: a cohort study. Brain Inj. 2017;31(12):1689\u20131694."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med","first-page":"353","article-title":"Assessment of recovery following pediatric traumatic brain injury","volume":"19","author":"Slovis JC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Slovis JC, Gupta N, Li NY,  Assessment of recovery following pediatric traumatic brain injury. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2018;19(4):353\u2013360."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil","first-page":"104","article-title":"Self- and parent-reported fatigue 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: results of the Traumatisme Grave de l\u2019Enfant prospective longitudinal study","volume":"35","author":"C\u00e2mara-Costa H","year":"2020","unstructured":"C\u00e2mara-Costa H, Francillette L, Opatowski M,  Self- and parent-reported fatigue 7 years after severe childhood traumatic brain injury: results of the Traumatisme Grave de l\u2019Enfant prospective longitudinal study. 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