{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:02:15Z","timestamp":1793829735814,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Augmented reality (AR) has recently gained a reputation in surgical applications, providing real-time integration of virtual information into the surgeon\u2019s field of view. The aim of this paper was to describe the authors\u2019 clinical experience with AR using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 head-mounted display (HMD) in pediatric craniofacial surgery, particularly for correcting single-suture craniosynostosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the authors compared AR-guided osteotomies with those guided by a traditional neurosurgical navigation system in a cohort of 10 consecutive pediatric patients. Osteotomy lines drawn under both AR and standard neurosurgical navigator guidance were measured using computer-aided design\/computer-aided manufacturing templates. Accuracy was evaluated at the \u00b1 1.5-mm and \u00b1 1.0-mm thresholds.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The findings demonstrated a statistically significant superior accuracy using AR guidance at the \u00b1 1.0-mm level, achieving an average accuracy of 34% compared to 16% with standard navigation (p = 0.044).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results indicate that AR performs similarly to traditional navigation methods in terms of accuracy. These findings suggest that AR-based HMDs hold significant potential to be a reliable method of intraoperative navigation. Further studies are recommended to implement the application of this technology and assess long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.4.peds24587","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T02:09:47Z","timestamp":1756519787000},"page":"657-663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Augmented reality in pediatric craniofacial surgery: clinical experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Federica","family":"Ruggiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna;"},{"name":"Maxillo Facial Surgery Unit AUSL Bologna, Bellaria-Maggiore Hospital, Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Cercenelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDIMES Lab, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achille","family":"Tarsitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna;"},{"name":"Maxillo Facial Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Emiliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDIMES Lab, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Stradiotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDIMES Lab, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Micol","family":"Babini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beatrice","family":"Gardenghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariella","family":"Lefosse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Marcelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"eDIMES Lab, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna;"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mino","family":"Zucchelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Pediatric Neurosurgery, Bellaria Hospital, Bologna; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"BMC Oral Health","first-page":"238","article-title":"The application of virtual reality and augmented reality in oral & maxillofacial surgery","volume":"19","author":"Ayoub A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ayoub A, Pulijala Y. 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