{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T18:06:52Z","timestamp":1789063612019,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Precise temperature control is challenging during transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatment. The aim of this study was to develop a deep learning model integrating the treatment parameters for each sonication, along with patient-specific clinical information and skull metrics, for prediction of the MRgFUS therapeutic temperature.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective analysis of sonications from patients with essential tremor or Parkinson\u2019s disease who underwent unilateral MRgFUS thalamotomy or pallidothalamic tractotomy at a single hospital from January 2019 to June 2023. For model training, a dataset of 600 sonications (72 patients) was used, while a validation dataset comprising 199 sonications (18 patients) was used to assess model performance. Additionally, an external dataset of 146 sonications (20 patients) was used for external validation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The developed deep learning model, called Fust-Net, achieved high predictive accuracy, with normalized mean absolute errors of 1.655\u00b0C for the internal dataset and 2.432\u00b0C for the external dataset, which closely matched the actual temperature. The graded evaluation showed that Fust-Net achieved an effective temperature prediction rate of 82.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results showcase the exciting potential of Fust-Net for achieving precise temperature control during MRgFUS treatment, opening new doors for enhanced precision and safety in clinical applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.5.jns25291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T14:32:11Z","timestamp":1757687531000},"page":"84-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deep learning\u2013powered temperature prediction for optimizing transcranial MR-guided focused ultrasound treatment"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Yongqin","family":"Xiong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingliang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukadas","family":"Arkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beijing Puhua International Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caohui","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangbing","family":"Bian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Longsheng","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"730","article-title":"A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor","volume":"375","author":"Elias WJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Elias WJ, Lipsman N, Ondo WG,  A randomized trial of focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor. 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