{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T02:42:52Z","timestamp":1791513772283,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n The authors evaluated whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1-RAs) improve outcomes in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and reduce the overall incidence of these events.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective study leveraged TriNetX data (2014\u20132024) to identify patients with aSAH, sICH, or AIS. Individuals receiving exenatide, lixisenatide, semaglutide, dulaglutide, liraglutide, or tirzepatide within 8 weeks of diagnosis were propensity matched to controls. Outcomes (e.g., mortality, rebleeding\/recurrence, seizures, hydrocephalus) were assessed at 6 and 12 months; the incidence rates of stroke types were examined at 1 and 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n For aSAH patients, GLP-1-RA use at 6 months reduced rebleeding (OR 0.73, p = 0.003) and mortality (OR 0.41, p < 0.001) and at 1 year lowered cognitive deficits (OR 0.63, p = 0.034) and mortality (OR 0.39, p < 0.001). In sICH patients, GLP-1-RAs decreased hydrocephalus (OR 0.37, p = 0.005) and seizures (OR 0.56, p = 0.007) at 6 months, with persistent benefits at 1 year (hydrocephalus, OR 0.38, p = 0.007; seizures, OR 0.63, p = 0.018), alongside lower mortality (OR 0.45\u20130.40, both p < 0.001) and rebleeding (OR 0.70\u20130.69, both p < 0.001) rates. In AIS patients, mortality fell at 6 months (OR 0.27, p < 0.001) and 1 year (OR 0.44, p < 0.001), with reduced recurrence (OR 0.60, p < 0.001) and lower hydrocephalus (OR 0.32, p < 0.001) and seizure (OR 0.43, p < 0.001) rates at 6 months. At 1 year, GLP-1-RA users had lower incidence rates of SAH (OR 0.64, p = 0.001), ICH (OR 0.62, p < 0.001), and AIS (OR 0.82, p = 0.003), which were sustained at 2 years (ORs 0.77\u20130.87, all p < 0.05). Adverse events were similar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n GLP-1-RAs were associated with improved survival and fewer complications across stroke subtypes, plus reduced hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke incidence. Prospective trials are warranted to confirm these observations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.5.jns25786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,4]],"date-time":"2025-10-04T01:37:03Z","timestamp":1759541823000},"page":"428-441","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Impact of GLP-1 receptor agonists on stroke, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral hemorrhage: a propensity-matched multi-institutional cohort study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Matias","family":"Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher C.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Visish M.","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Kan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"b1","series-title":"Int J Biol Sci","first-page":"2050","article-title":"GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential","volume":"17","author":"Ma X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ma X, Liu Z, Ilyas I, GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs): cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential. 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