{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T13:13:21Z","timestamp":1789737201691,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Myelomeningocele (MMC) is a severe neural tube defect frequently associated with vertebral anomalies, including scoliosis and kyphosis, which can significantly impact mobility and quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the incidence and clinical correlations of scoliosis and other vertebral anomalies in children with MMC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of the hospital records of 422 pediatric MMC patients diagnosed between 2013 and 2020 at two tertiary care centers was conducted. Patients were evaluated for scoliosis, kyphosis, hemivertebra, butterfly vertebra, block vertebra, and diastematomyelia using radiographic and MRI findings. The severity of scoliosis was assessed using Cobb angles, and statistical analyses were performed to determine associations between vertebral anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis was identified in 55.9% of patients (mean Cobb angle 35.65\u00b0), while kyphosis was present in 41.2%. The presence of hemivertebra and butterfly vertebra was strongly associated with scoliosis progression. Additionally, patients with split cord malformations exhibited a higher incidence of scoliosis and kyphosis. Age was found to be a key factor in scoliosis severity, with curve progression observed over time.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scoliosis and other vertebral anomalies are highly prevalent in MMC patients, necessitating early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. These findings underscore the importance of long-term monitoring and individualized treatment approaches to optimize spinal health and functional outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.5.peds24548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,9]],"date-time":"2025-08-09T02:00:28Z","timestamp":1754704828000},"page":"621-629","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Incidence and clinical management of vertebral anomalies in myelomeningocele: a retrospective analysis of 422 cases"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Cem","family":"Sever","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Pearl International Hospital, Doha, Qatar;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Alatas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Beykent University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Larisa Andrada","family":"Ay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, S\u00f6ke Fehime Faik Kocag\u00f6z State Hospital, Ayd\u0131n, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00fclseli Berivan","family":"Sezen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Giresun Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doga","family":"Ugurlar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nafiye","family":"Sanlier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyhmus Kerem","family":"Ozel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Demiro\u011flu Bilim University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Revna","family":"\u00c7etiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammet Teoman","family":"Karakurt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bahattin","family":"Ozkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Istanbul Atlas University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Okan","family":"T\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Rom Neurosurg","first-page":"258","article-title":"Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients","volume":"30","author":"Alatas I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alatas I, Canaz H, Saracoglu A, Kafali H, Canaz G, Tokmak M. Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients. Rom Neurosurg. 2016;30(2):258\u2013266."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"JBJS Rev","first-page":"e21.00167","article-title":"Team approach: the management of adolescents and adults with scoliosis and spina bifida","volume":"10","author":"Bradko V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bradko V, Castillo H, Conklin M,  Team approach: the management of adolescents and adults with scoliosis and spina bifida. JBJS Rev. 2022;10(3):e21.00167."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"31","article-title":"Estimates of global and regional prevalence of neural tube defects for 2015: a systematic analysis","volume":"1414","author":"Blencowe H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Kancherla V, Moorthie S, Darlison MW, Modell B. Estimates of global and regional prevalence of neural tube defects for 2015: a systematic analysis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018;1414(1):31\u201346."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Ann Phys Rehabil Med","first-page":"101685","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for scoliosis in adults with closed and open spina bifida: a large, cross-sectional study","volume":"66","author":"Cacioppo M","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cacioppo M, Menard H, Olivari Philiponnet C,  Prevalence and risk factors for scoliosis in adults with closed and open spina bifida: a large, cross-sectional study. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2023;66(2):101685."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"773","article-title":"What is the role of scoliosis surgery in adolescents and adults with myelomeningocele? A systematic review","volume":"480","author":"Bradko V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bradko V, Castillo H, Fremion E, Conklin M, Dahl B, Castillo J. What is the role of scoliosis surgery in adolescents and adults with myelomeningocele? A systematic review. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2022;480(4):773\u2013787."},{"issue":"11","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil","first-page":"848","article-title":"The prevalence of scoliosis in spina bifida subpopulations: a systematic review","volume":"97","author":"Heyns A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heyns A, Negrini S, Jansen K,  The prevalence of scoliosis in spina bifida subpopulations: a systematic review. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;97(11):848\u2013854."},{"issue":"10","key":"b7","series-title":"Spinal Cord","first-page":"1053","article-title":"The prevalence of scoliosis within Belgian myelomeningocele population and the correlation with ambulatory status and neurological comorbidities: a chart audit","volume":"59","author":"Heyns A","year":"2021","unstructured":"Heyns A, Negrini S, Jansen K,  The prevalence of scoliosis within Belgian myelomeningocele population and the correlation with ambulatory status and neurological comorbidities: a chart audit. 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Childs Nerv Syst. 2013;29(7):1137\u20131141."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"99","article-title":"Scoliosis in myelomeningocele: epidemiology, management, and functional outcome","volume":"20","author":"Mummareddy N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mummareddy N, Dewan MC, Mercier MR, Naftel RP, Wellons JC III, Bonfield CM. Scoliosis in myelomeningocele: epidemiology, management, and functional outcome. 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Genet Mol Res. 2009;8(1):154\u2013161."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"Ann Med Surg","first-page":"3196","article-title":"Fetal in-utero management of myelomeningocele: a mini-review on history, challenges, management gap, and recommendations","volume":"86","author":"Fareed A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fareed A, Farhat S, Kerhani AAR,  Fetal in-utero management of myelomeningocele: a mini-review on history, challenges, management gap, and recommendations. Ann Med Surg. 2024;86(6):3196\u20133198."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Principles of Neurological Surgery","first-page":"116","article-title":"Spinal dysraphism and tethered spinal cord","author":"Dewan MC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dewan MC, Wellons JC III. Spinal dysraphism and tethered spinal cord. In: Ellenbogen RG, Kitchen ND, Sekhar LN, da Silva HB, eds.  Principles of Neurological Surgery. 4th ed. 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Front Pediatr. 2024;12:1528007."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"b23","series-title":"QJM","first-page":"hcae070.355","article-title":"Effect of tethered cord release on progression of pediatric scoliosis: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Ismail IIF","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ismail IIF, Ismail MA, Hamza EM, Tawadros SRI. Effect of tethered cord release on progression of pediatric scoliosis: a systematic review. QJM. 2024;117(suppl 1):hcae070.355."},{"issue":"3","key":"b24","series-title":"Spine Deform","first-page":"961","article-title":"Current practices in MRI screening in early onset scoliosis","volume":"13","author":"Li AW","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li AW, Chang A, Murphy JS,  Current practices in MRI screening in early onset scoliosis. 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Evaluation of cerebral and spinal abnormalities on magnetic resonance imaging in infants with myelomeningocele: a retrospective observational study. Indian J Neonatal Med Res. 2024;12(1):PO08\u2013PO11."},{"issue":"3","key":"b37","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"451","article-title":"Split cord malformation: part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations","volume":"31","author":"Pang D","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pang D, Dias MS, Ahab-Barmada M. Split cord malformation: part I: a unified theory of embryogenesis for double spinal cord malformations. Neurosurgery. 1992;31(3):451\u2013480."},{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Rom Neurosurg","first-page":"258","article-title":"Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients","volume":"30","author":"Alatas I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alatas I, Canaz H, Saracoglu A, Kafali H, Canaz G, Tokmak M. Statistical analysis of associated vertebra and costal anomalies in spina bifida patients. Rom Neurosurg. 2016;30(2):258\u2013266."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"JBJS Rev","first-page":"e21.00167","article-title":"Team approach: the management of adolescents and adults with scoliosis and spina bifida","volume":"10","author":"Bradko V","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bradko V, Castillo H, Conklin M,  Team approach: the management of adolescents and adults with scoliosis and spina bifida. JBJS Rev. 2022;10(3):e21.00167."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","series-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci","first-page":"31","article-title":"Estimates of global and regional prevalence of neural tube defects for 2015: a systematic analysis","volume":"1414","author":"Blencowe H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blencowe H, Kancherla V, Moorthie S, Darlison MW, Modell B. Estimates of global and regional prevalence of neural tube defects for 2015: a systematic analysis. 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