{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T15:25:58Z","timestamp":1774020358887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Pediatric neurosurgery sets particularly high standards for indications, technique, and the risk profile of surgical procedures. These standards include precise targeting procedures due to the complex anatomy of the developing brain, especially in conditions such as epilepsy, brain tumors, hydrocephalus, and cystic lesions. The Leksell G frame, a stereotactic device designed for high-accuracy localization, has been utilized across various neurosurgical procedures in both adults and children. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and outcomes of stereotactic procedures in pediatric patients using the Leksell G frame.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This single-center retrospective analysis included 58 pediatric patients (median age 9.5 [SD 5.3] years, range 8 months\u201317 years) undergoing 73 stereotactic procedures between September 2021 and November 2024. Postoperative neurological outcomes and perioperative complications were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The procedures evaluated in this study included brain tumor biopsy (n = 28, 38.4%), cyst and abscess drainage (n = 6, 8.2%), placement of intraventricular catheters or reservoirs (n = 31, 42.5%), invasive electrode placement for stereoelectroencephalography (n = 7, 9.6%), and seed placement for interstitial brachytherapy (n = 1, 1.4%). Imaging guidance (cranial MRI and cranial CT) and pediatric-specific technical adaptations enabled high precision, resulting in excellent diagnostic accuracy for biopsies, effective hydrocephalus management, and promising outcomes in patients undergoing brachytherapy. Frame-related complications were minimal, with only minor, self-resolving skin irritation at pin fixation sites, which did not require surgical revision.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n The results underscore the reliability and versatility of the Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery. This study supports the continued use of the Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery for its precision, safety, and adaptability across a range of complex procedures.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.5.peds2531","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T02:09:10Z","timestamp":1757124550000},"page":"601-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Leksell G frame in pediatric neurosurgery: experiences from 73 stereotactic procedures"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sabrina V.","family":"Kirchleitner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Quach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital OWL, Campus Bielefeld Hospital, Bielefeld; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole A.","family":"Terpolilli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Niedermeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Thon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Schmutzer-Sondergeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Neurosurgery and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"b1","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"2145","article-title":"Computed tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of intracranial lesions in pediatric patients","volume":"27","author":"Meshkini A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meshkini A, Shahzadi S, Zali A, Computed tomography-guided stereotactic biopsy of intracranial lesions in pediatric patients. Childs Nerv Syst. 2011;27(12):2145\u20132148."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"555","article-title":"Method to perform safety stereotactic procedures in children under 2 years of age","volume":"34","author":"Del Rio RJ","year":"2018","unstructured":"Del Rio RJ, Gonzalez RO, Jaimovich R. Method to perform safety stereotactic procedures in children under 2 years of age. Childs Nerv Syst. 2018;34(3):555\u2013558."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"42","article-title":"Frame-based stereotactic neurosurgery in children under the age of seven: Freiburg University\u2019s experience from 99 consecutive cases","volume":"130","author":"Furlanetti LL","year":"2015","unstructured":"Furlanetti LL, Monaco BA, Cordeiro JG, Lopez WO, Trippel M. Frame-based stereotactic neurosurgery in children under the age of seven: Freiburg University\u2019s experience from 99 consecutive cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2015;130:42\u201347."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"J Child Neurol","first-page":"907","article-title":"Benefit of stereotactic procedures in a series of 43 children","volume":"31","author":"Quick-Weller J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quick-Weller J, Lescher S, Kashefiolasl S, Benefit of stereotactic procedures in a series of 43 children. J Child Neurol. 2016;31(7):907\u2013912."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e670","article-title":"Stereotactic internal shunt placement in congenital intracranial cysts","volume":"123","author":"Lenski M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lenski M, Biczok A, Tonn JC, Kreth FW. Stereotactic internal shunt placement in congenital intracranial cysts. 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Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2023;165(12):4071\u20134079."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"J Robot Surg","first-page":"1013","article-title":"A comparison between robot-guided and stereotactic frame-based stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation for drug-resistant epilepsy","volume":"17","author":"Yao Y","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yao Y, Hu W, Zhang C, A comparison between robot-guided and stereotactic frame-based stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) electrode implantation for drug-resistant epilepsy. J Robot Surg. 2023;17(3):1013\u20131020."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"440","article-title":"Validation and safety profile of a novel, noninvasive fiducial attachment for stereotactic robotic-guided stereoelectroencephalography: a case series","volume":"27","author":"Sharma A","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma A, Song R, Sarmey N, Validation and safety profile of a novel, noninvasive fiducial attachment for stereotactic robotic-guided stereoelectroencephalography: a case series. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;27(4):440\u2013448."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b9","series-title":"Surgical technique. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"183","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for dystonia","volume":"78","author":"Coubes P","year":"2002","unstructured":"Coubes P, Vayssiere N, El Fertit H, Deep brain stimulation for dystonia. Surgical technique. 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