{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:01:54Z","timestamp":1772827314955,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical site infection (SSI) is a leading cause of morbidity following posterior spine surgery. The optimal choice of skin closure technique depending on patient- and procedure-specific characteristics remains to be elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Neurosurgery Enterprise Registry (NER) at Mayo Clinic was queried for patients who underwent posterior spine surgery from 2017 to 2023. Propensity matching was performed to match patients on the basis of the development of SSI and baseline characteristics, including age, sex, race, and comorbidities. Perioperative outcomes were analyzed using data from the NER and medical records.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 18,842 cases of posterior spine surgery were identified in the NER, and SSI was observed in 154 cases (0.8%). Of these patients, 308 patients were included in the 1:1 propensity score\u2013matched cohort analysis, with 154 patients included in each group. Sutures were used in 224 patients (72.7%) and staples in 84 patients (27.3%) (p &lt; 0.01). Female patients comprised 45.1% of the sutures group and 46.4% of the staples group (p = 0.8). The mean \u00b1 SD age was 59.8 \u00b1 15.4 years in the sutures group and 60.8 \u00b1 11.9 years in the staples group (p = 0.6). Fusion was performed in 27.2% of patients in the sutures group and 44% in the staples group (p &lt; 0.01). Multilevel fusion comprised 68.9% of fusion cases in the sutures group and 67.6% in the staples group (p = 0.8). Comorbidities, such as diabetes (p = 0.6), hypertension (p = 0.1), and the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (p = 0.5) and immunosuppressants (p = 0.2), did not differ between groups. Univariate analysis performed in the propensity score\u2013matched cohort showed that SSI was observed in 53.6% of patients in the sutures group and 40.5% in the staples group (p = 0.04). No significant differences were noted regarding 30-day (p = 0.3), 90-day (p = 0.2), and 1-year (p = 0.3) readmissions and 30-day (p = 0.7), 90-day (p = 0.8), and 1-year (p = 0.8) reoperations. On multivariable logistic regression, SSI was not significantly associated with the choice of skin closure technique (p = 0.3).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After adjustment for spinal fusion, number of fused levels, the use of immunosuppressants, and other risk factors, SSI development was not significantly associated with the use of sutures versus staples following posterior spine surgery in our institution. Additionally, no significant differences were observed regarding baseline characteristics and other perioperative outcomes. The authors\u2019 analysis shows that skin closure technique did not significantly affect SSI rates and other outcomes in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.5.spine241025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T20:52:48Z","timestamp":1763412768000},"page":"144-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of the use of sutures versus staples regarding surgical site infection and perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing posterior spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Asimina","family":"Dominari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charbel K.","family":"Moussalem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"John A. Burns School of Medicine, Honolulu, Hawaii;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maliya","family":"Delawan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karim Rizwan","family":"Nathani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin D.","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naresh P.","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kingsley O.","family":"Abode-Iyamah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maziyar A.","family":"Kalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Nottmeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selby G.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chandan","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Richard","family":"Marsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L. D.","family":"Atkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michelle J.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Krauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremy L.","family":"Fogelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"},{"name":"Mayo Clinic Neuro-Informatics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida","volume":"33","author":"Magill SS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magill SS, Hellinger W, Cohen J,  Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33(3):283-291."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"7","article-title":"Surgical site infections following spine surgery: eliminating the controversies in the diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Chahoud J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chahoud J, Kanafani Z, Kanj SS. Surgical site infections following spine surgery: eliminating the controversies in the diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2014;1:7."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"279","article-title":"NASS Management of postprocedural discitis","volume":"2","author":"Silber JS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silber JS, Anderson DG, Vaccaro AR, Anderson PA, McCormick P. NASS Management of postprocedural discitis. Spine J. 2002;2(4):279-287."},{"issue":"8","key":"b4","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","first-page":"566","article-title":"Postoperative wound infection after instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar fractures","volume":"15","author":"Rechtine GR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rechtine GR, Bono PL, Cahill D, Bolesta MJ, Chrin AM. Postoperative wound infection after instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15(8):566\u2013569."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Wound closure in nonidiopathic scoliosis: does closure matter?","volume":"37","author":"Ward JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward JP, Feldman DS, Paul J,  Wound closure in nonidiopathic scoliosis: does closure matter? J Pediatr Orthop. 2017;37(3):166-170."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"265.e1","article-title":"A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures","volume":"200","author":"Rousseau JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rousseau JA, Girard K, Turcot-Lemay L, Thomas N. A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200(3):265.e1-265.e4."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"171","article-title":"Cosmetic outcome of scalp wound closure with staples in the pediatric emergency department: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Khan AN","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khan AN, Dayan PS, Miller S, Rosen M, Rubin DH. Cosmetic outcome of scalp wound closure with staples in the pediatric emergency department: a prospective, randomized trial. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002;18(3):171-173."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"179","article-title":"Longer operative time in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion is independently associated with increased complication rate","volume":"9","author":"Hersey AE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hersey AE, Durand WM, Eltorai AEM, DePasse JM, Daniels AH. Longer operative time in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion is independently associated with increased complication rate. Global Spine J. 2019;9(2):179-184."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"c1199","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for skin closure in orthopaedic surgery: meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Smith TO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith TO, Sexton D, Mann C, Donell S. Sutures versus staples for skin closure in orthopaedic surgery: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:c1199."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Shantz JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shantz JA, Vernon J, Leiter J, Morshed S, Stranges G. Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:89."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for the management of surgical wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Iavazzo C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID, Vouloumanou EK, Mamais I, Peppas G, Falagas ME. Sutures versus staples for the management of surgical wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 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J Stat Soft. 2011;42(8):1\u201328."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2018","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1862","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infections following spinal surgery","volume":"22","author":"Meng F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng F, Cao J, Meng X. Risk factors for surgical site infections following spinal surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(12):1862\u20131866."},{"issue":"21","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Hospital readmission rates after surgical treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the spine","volume":"39","author":"Schairer WW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schairer WW, Carrer A, Sing DC,  Hospital readmission rates after surgical treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(21):1801-1808."},{"issue":"38","key":"b17","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hospital readmission after spine fusion for adult spinal deformity","volume":"2013","author":"Schairer WW","unstructured":"Schairer WW, Carrer A, Deviren V,  Hospital readmission after spine fusion for adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;(38):19-1681."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Health care utilization and associated economic burden of postoperative surgical site infection after spinal surgery with follow-up of 24 months","volume":"84","author":"Dietz N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dietz N, Sharma M, Adams S,  Health care utilization and associated economic burden of postoperative surgical site infection after spinal surgery with follow-up of 24 months. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2023;84(1):21\u201329."},{"issue":"12","key":"b19","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Surgical site infection is a major risk factor of pseudarthrosis in adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"22","author":"Boishardy A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boishardy A, Bouyer B, Boissi\u00e8re L,  Surgical site infection is a major risk factor of pseudarthrosis in adult spinal deformity surgery. Spine J. 2022;22(12):2059-2065."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"183","article-title":"Current strategies in prevention of postoperative infections in spine surgery","volume":"10","author":"Atesok K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atesok K, Papavassiliou E, Heffernan MJ,  Current strategies in prevention of postoperative infections in spine surgery. Global Spine J. 2020;10(2):183-194."},{"issue":"9","key":"b21","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1017","article-title":"An update on modifiable factors to reduce the risk of surgical site infections","volume":"13","author":"Savage JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Savage JW, Anderson PA. An update on modifiable factors to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Spine J. 2013;13(9):1017\u20131029."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","first-page":"171","article-title":"Cost of medical care for postoperative spinal infections","volume":"27","author":"Calderone RR","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calderone RR, Garland DE, Capen DA, Oster H. Cost of medical care for postoperative spinal infections. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996;27(1):171\u2013182."},{"issue":"37","key":"b23","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"16","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion complicated by deep wound infection: a case-control study","volume":"2012","author":"Petilon JM","unstructured":"Petilon JM, Glassman SD, Dimar JR, Carreon LY. Clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion complicated by deep wound infection: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;(37):16-1370."},{"issue":"43","key":"b24","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"3","article-title":"The effect of postoperative spinal infections on patient mortality","volume":"2018","author":"Casper DS","unstructured":"Casper DS, Zmistowski B, Hollern DA,  The effect of postoperative spinal infections on patient mortality. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2018;(43):3-223."},{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol","first-page":"283","article-title":"Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida","volume":"33","author":"Magill SS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magill SS, Hellinger W, Cohen J,  Prevalence of healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals in Jacksonville, Florida. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33(3):283-291."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)","first-page":"7","article-title":"Surgical site infections following spine surgery: eliminating the controversies in the diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Chahoud J","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chahoud J, Kanafani Z, Kanj SS. Surgical site infections following spine surgery: eliminating the controversies in the diagnosis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2014;1:7."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"279","article-title":"NASS Management of postprocedural discitis","volume":"2","author":"Silber JS","year":"2002","unstructured":"Silber JS, Anderson DG, Vaccaro AR, Anderson PA, McCormick P. NASS Management of postprocedural discitis. Spine J. 2002;2(4):279-287."},{"issue":"8","key":"b4","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","first-page":"566","article-title":"Postoperative wound infection after instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar fractures","volume":"15","author":"Rechtine GR","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rechtine GR, Bono PL, Cahill D, Bolesta MJ, Chrin AM. Postoperative wound infection after instrumentation of thoracic and lumbar fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2001;15(8):566\u2013569."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"J Pediatr Orthop","first-page":"166","article-title":"Wound closure in nonidiopathic scoliosis: does closure matter?","volume":"37","author":"Ward JP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ward JP, Feldman DS, Paul J,  Wound closure in nonidiopathic scoliosis: does closure matter? J Pediatr Orthop. 2017;37(3):166-170."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol","first-page":"265.e1","article-title":"A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures","volume":"200","author":"Rousseau JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rousseau JA, Girard K, Turcot-Lemay L, Thomas N. A randomized study comparing skin closure in cesarean sections: staples vs subcuticular sutures. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;200(3):265.e1-265.e4."},{"issue":"3","key":"b7","series-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care","first-page":"171","article-title":"Cosmetic outcome of scalp wound closure with staples in the pediatric emergency department: a prospective, randomized trial","volume":"18","author":"Khan AN","year":"2002","unstructured":"Khan AN, Dayan PS, Miller S, Rosen M, Rubin DH. Cosmetic outcome of scalp wound closure with staples in the pediatric emergency department: a prospective, randomized trial. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2002;18(3):171-173."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"179","article-title":"Longer operative time in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion is independently associated with increased complication rate","volume":"9","author":"Hersey AE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hersey AE, Durand WM, Eltorai AEM, DePasse JM, Daniels AH. Longer operative time in elderly patients undergoing posterior lumbar fusion is independently associated with increased complication rate. Global Spine J. 2019;9(2):179-184."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"c1199","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for skin closure in orthopaedic surgery: meta-analysis","volume":"340","author":"Smith TO","year":"2010","unstructured":"Smith TO, Sexton D, Mann C, Donell S. Sutures versus staples for skin closure in orthopaedic surgery: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2010;340:c1199."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"89","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Shantz JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shantz JA, Vernon J, Leiter J, Morshed S, Stranges G. Sutures versus staples for wound closure in orthopaedic surgery: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2012;13:89."},{"issue":"9","key":"b11","series-title":"Am Surg","first-page":"1206","article-title":"Sutures versus staples for the management of surgical wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Iavazzo C","year":"2011","unstructured":"Iavazzo C, Gkegkes ID, Vouloumanou EK, Mamais I, Peppas G, Falagas ME. Sutures versus staples for the management of surgical wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Surg. 2011;77(9):1206-1221."},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"535","article-title":"Is there an optimal wound closure technique for major posterior spine surgery? A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Yilmaz E","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yilmaz E, Blecher R, Moisi M,  Is there an optimal wound closure technique for major posterior spine surgery? A systematic review. Global Spine J. 2018;8(5):535-544."},{"issue":"8","key":"b13","series-title":"J Stat Soft","first-page":"1","article-title":"MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference","volume":"42","author":"Ho DE","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ho DE, Imai K, King G, Stuart EA. MatchIt: nonparametric preprocessing for parametric causal inference. J Stat Soft. 2011;42(8):1\u201328."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","article-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","year":"2018","unstructured":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2018."},{"issue":"12","key":"b15","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1862","article-title":"Risk factors for surgical site infections following spinal surgery","volume":"22","author":"Meng F","year":"2015","unstructured":"Meng F, Cao J, Meng X. Risk factors for surgical site infections following spinal surgery. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(12):1862\u20131866."},{"issue":"21","key":"b16","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Hospital readmission rates after surgical treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the spine","volume":"39","author":"Schairer WW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schairer WW, Carrer A, Sing DC,  Hospital readmission rates after surgical treatment of primary and metastatic tumors of the spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2014;39(21):1801-1808."},{"issue":"38","key":"b17","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"19","article-title":"Hospital readmission after spine fusion for adult spinal deformity","volume":"2013","author":"Schairer WW","unstructured":"Schairer WW, Carrer A, Deviren V,  Hospital readmission after spine fusion for adult spinal deformity. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013;(38):19-1681."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg","first-page":"21","article-title":"Health care utilization and associated economic burden of postoperative surgical site infection after spinal surgery with follow-up of 24 months","volume":"84","author":"Dietz N","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dietz N, Sharma M, Adams S,  Health care utilization and associated economic burden of postoperative surgical site infection after spinal surgery with follow-up of 24 months. J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg. 2023;84(1):21\u201329."},{"issue":"12","key":"b19","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"2059","article-title":"Surgical site infection is a major risk factor of pseudarthrosis in adult spinal deformity surgery","volume":"22","author":"Boishardy A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Boishardy A, Bouyer B, Boissi\u00e8re L,  Surgical site infection is a major risk factor of pseudarthrosis in adult spinal deformity surgery. Spine J. 2022;22(12):2059-2065."},{"issue":"2","key":"b20","series-title":"Global Spine J","first-page":"183","article-title":"Current strategies in prevention of postoperative infections in spine surgery","volume":"10","author":"Atesok K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Atesok K, Papavassiliou E, Heffernan MJ,  Current strategies in prevention of postoperative infections in spine surgery. Global Spine J. 2020;10(2):183-194."},{"issue":"9","key":"b21","series-title":"Spine J","first-page":"1017","article-title":"An update on modifiable factors to reduce the risk of surgical site infections","volume":"13","author":"Savage JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Savage JW, Anderson PA. An update on modifiable factors to reduce the risk of surgical site infections. Spine J. 2013;13(9):1017\u20131029."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Orthop Clin North Am","first-page":"171","article-title":"Cost of medical care for postoperative spinal infections","volume":"27","author":"Calderone RR","year":"1996","unstructured":"Calderone RR, Garland DE, Capen DA, Oster H. Cost of medical care for postoperative spinal infections. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996;27(1):171\u2013182."},{"issue":"37","key":"b23","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"16","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion complicated by deep wound infection: a case-control study","volume":"2012","author":"Petilon JM","unstructured":"Petilon JM, Glassman SD, Dimar JR, Carreon LY. Clinical outcomes after lumbar fusion complicated by deep wound infection: a case-control study. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2012;(37):16-1370."},{"issue":"43","key":"b24","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"3","article-title":"The effect of postoperative spinal infections on patient mortality","volume":"2018","author":"Casper DS","unstructured":"Casper DS, Zmistowski B, Hollern DA,  The effect of postoperative spinal infections on patient mortality. 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