{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T08:12:54Z","timestamp":1793261574612,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Long-term data on outcomes following microvascular decompression (MVD) without neurectomy for glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN), specifically focusing on pain location, are sparse. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of MVD without neurectomy for GPN with particular emphasis on redo MVD and pain location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive patients who underwent MVD for classical GPN performed by the senior author from 2013 to 2021 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Medical records were reviewed, and clinical and telemedicine follow-up were analyzed to assess outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 29 patients (18 male, median age at surgery 65.0 years) included in the analysis, 38% had throat pain radiating to the ear and 35% had throat pain only. Eleven patients (38%) had previously undergone other unsuccessful procedures. After MVD, 83% of patients were immediately pain free and 10% experienced partial pain relief. The mean follow-up duration was 65.3 months. At the final follow-up, 86% of patients were completely pain free and 11% had partial pain relief. Three patients each (10% and 11%) experienced immediate and long-term complications, respectively. Redo MVD completely relieved pain in 3 of 4 patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings support the use of MVD without neurectomy in patients with classical GPN, including redo MVD in patients with persistent neurovascular compression. The direction of symptom radiation was not associated with pain outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.6.focus25287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T12:16:40Z","timestamp":1756729000000},"page":"E19","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Long-term outcomes after microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Colby T.","family":"Joncas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital;"},{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital;"},{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Tugend","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital;"},{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evan","family":"Washington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"Di Stefano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Truini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond F.","family":"Sekula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital;"},{"name":"Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases","volume":"38","author":"Rushton JG","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rushton JG, Stevens JC, Miller RH. Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases. Arch Neurol. 1981;38(4):201\u2013205."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"316","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"47","author":"Laha RK","year":"1977","unstructured":"Laha RK, Jannetta PJ. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1977;47(3):316\u2013320."},{"issue":"20","key":"b3","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1600","article-title":"Cerebello-pontine tumor diagnosed for six years as tic douloureux: the symptoms of irritation of the ninth and twelfth cranial nerves","volume":"LIV","author":"Weisenburg TH","year":"1910","unstructured":"Weisenburg TH. Cerebello-pontine tumor diagnosed for six years as tic douloureux: the symptoms of irritation of the ninth and twelfth cranial nerves. JAMA. 1910;LIV(20):1600-1604."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"630","article-title":"Microsurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: case reports","volume":"25","author":"Fraioli B","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fraioli B, Esposito V, Ferrante L, Trubiani L, Lunardi P. Microsurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: case reports. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(4):630\u2013632."},{"key":"b5","article-title":"13.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. International Classification of Headache Disorders-3","unstructured":"13.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Accessed June 30, 2025.https:\/\/ichd-3.org\/13-painful-cranial-neuropathies-and-other-facial-pains\/13-2-glossopharyngeal-neuralgia\/13-2-1-glossopharyngeal-neuralgia\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Clin J Pain","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Devor M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Devor M, Amir R, Rappaport ZH. Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(1):4\u201313."},{"issue":"7","key":"b7","series-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep","first-page":"343","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"17","author":"Blumenfeld A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumenfeld A, Nikolskaya G. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(7):343."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"143","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of drugs used to treat head and face pain","volume":"8","author":"Fromm GH","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fromm GH. Clinical pharmacology of drugs used to treat head and face pain. Neurol Clin. 1990;8(1):143\u2013151."},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in 354 patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Di Stefano G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Stefano G, De Stefano G, Leone C,  Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in 354 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Eur J Pain. 2021;25(5):1064\u20131071."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"607","article-title":"Microsurgery of cranial nerve cross-compression","volume":"26","author":"Jannetta PJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jannetta PJ. Microsurgery of cranial nerve cross-compression. Clin Neurosurg. 1979;26:607\u2013615."},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases","volume":"151","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Fioravanti A, Schiariti M,  Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(10):1245\u20131250."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kandan SR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kandan SR, Khan S, Jeyaretna DS, Lhatoo S, Patel NK, Coakham HB. Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review. Br J Neurosurg. 2010;24(4):441\u2013446."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"559","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"110","author":"Yomo S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yomo S, Arkha Y, Donnet A, R\u00e9gis J. Gamma Knife surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(3):559\u2013563."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"413","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated with gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"73","author":"Williams BJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams BJ, Schlesinger D, Sheehan J. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2010;73(4):413\u2013417."},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rey-Dios R, Cohen-Gadol AA. Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(3):E8."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"575","article-title":"Selective percutaneous thermocoagulation rhizotomy in essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"55","author":"Isamat F","year":"1981","unstructured":"Isamat F, Ferr\u00e1n E, Acebes JJ. Selective percutaneous thermocoagulation rhizotomy in essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1981;55(4):575\u2013580."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","first-page":"477","article-title":"MRI findings and outcomes in patients undergoing microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"28","author":"Jani RH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jani RH, Hughes MA, Ligus ZE, Nikas A, Sekula RF. MRI findings and outcomes in patients undergoing microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neuroimaging. 2018;28(5):477\u2013482."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"808","article-title":"The utility of calcium phosphate cement in cranioplasty following retromastoid craniectomy for cranial neuralgias","volume":"27","author":"Frederickson AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frederickson AM, Sekula RF. The utility of calcium phosphate cement in cranioplasty following retromastoid craniectomy for cranial neuralgias. Br J Neurosurg. 2013;27(6):808\u2013811."},{"issue":"6","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1967","article-title":"Utility of the intensive care unit in patients undergoing microvascular decompression: a multiinstitution comparative analysis","volume":"126","author":"Lawrence JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lawrence JD, Tuchek C, Cohen-Gadol AA, Sekula RF. Utility of the intensive care unit in patients undergoing microvascular decompression: a multiinstitution comparative analysis. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(6):1967\u20131973."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"884","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and complication avoidance","volume":"54","author":"Sampson JH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sampson JH, Grossi PM, Asaoka K, Fukushima T. Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and complication avoidance. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):884\u2013890."},{"issue":"2","key":"b21","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"129","article-title":"Microvascular decompression alone without rhizotomy is an effective way of treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical analysis of 46 cases","volume":"98","author":"Zheng X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng X, Wei XY, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Ying TT, Li ST. Microvascular decompression alone without rhizotomy is an effective way of treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical analysis of 46 cases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2020;98(2):129\u2013135."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"117","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 228 cases","volume":"160","author":"Xia L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia L, Li YS, Liu MX,  Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 228 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(1):117\u2013123."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"705","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases","volume":"50","author":"Patel A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel A, Kassam A, Horowitz M, Chang YF. Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(4):705\u2013711."},{"issue":"3","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"820","article-title":"Prognostic factors for long-term outcomes of microvascular decompression in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 97 patients","volume":"137","author":"Zheng W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng W, Zhao P, Song H,  Prognostic factors for long-term outcomes of microvascular decompression in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 97 patients. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(3):820\u2013827."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"47","article-title":"Current advances in the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"46","author":"Berckemeyer MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berckemeyer MA, Suarez-Meade P, Carcelen MFV,  Current advances in the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46(1):47."},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"2192","article-title":"Does glossopharyngeal neuralgia need rhizotomy in neurovascular decompression surgery?","volume":"29","author":"Wang J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Yu R, Qu C,  Does glossopharyngeal neuralgia need rhizotomy in neurovascular decompression surgery?. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(8):2192\u20132194."},{"issue":"4","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Reduction in high-frequency hearing loss following technical modifications to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm","volume":"123","author":"Thirumala P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thirumala P, Frederickson AM, Balzer J,  Reduction in high-frequency hearing loss following technical modifications to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg. 2015;123(4):1059\u20131064."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"143","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"3","author":"Bruyn GW","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bruyn GW. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Cephalalgia. 1983;3(3):143\u2013157."},{"issue":"12","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal nerve contrast enhancement in recent-onset glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"84","author":"Truini A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Truini A, Colonnese C, Manfredi M. Glossopharyngeal nerve contrast enhancement in recent-onset glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Neurology. 2015;84(12):1283."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"768","article-title":"MRI findings in patients with a history of failed prior microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: how to image and where to look","volume":"36","author":"Hughes MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hughes MA, Branstetter BF, Taylor CT,  MRI findings in patients with a history of failed prior microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: how to image and where to look. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(4):768\u2013773."},{"issue":"1","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Failed microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm due to persistent neurovascular compression: an analysis of reoperations","volume":"124","author":"Bigder MG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bigder MG, Kaufmann AM. Failed microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm due to persistent neurovascular compression: an analysis of reoperations. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(1):90\u201395."},{"issue":"5","key":"b32","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia patients with recurrent or persistent pain despite three or more prior operations","volume":"73","author":"Pollock BE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pollock BE, Stein KJ. Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia patients with recurrent or persistent pain despite three or more prior operations. World Neurosurg. 2010;73(5):523\u2013528."},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"51","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through a microasterional approach: a case series","volume":"7","author":"Revuelta-Guti\u00e9rrez R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Revuelta-Guti\u00e9rrez R, Morales-Mart\u00ednez AH, Mej\u00edas-Soto C, Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ, Ortega-Porcayo LA. Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through a microasterional approach: a case series. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:51."},{"issue":"5","key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1372","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery: safety and efficacy through long-term follow-up","volume":"128","author":"Pommier B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pommier B, Touzet G, Lucas C, Vermandel M, Blond S, Reyns N. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery: safety and efficacy through long-term follow-up. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(5):1372\u20131379."},{"issue":"4","key":"b35","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Salvage gamma knife surgery for recurrent glossopharyngeal neuralgia following microvascular decompression: a retrospective case series","volume":"163","author":"Chai S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chai S, Xu H, Xiao D,  Salvage gamma knife surgery for recurrent glossopharyngeal neuralgia following microvascular decompression: a retrospective case series. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(4):1021\u20131026."},{"issue":"4","key":"b1","series-title":"Arch Neurol","first-page":"201","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases","volume":"38","author":"Rushton JG","year":"1981","unstructured":"Rushton JG, Stevens JC, Miller RH. Glossopharyngeal (vagoglossopharyngeal) neuralgia: a study of 217 cases. Arch Neurol. 1981;38(4):201\u2013205."},{"issue":"3","key":"b2","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"316","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"47","author":"Laha RK","year":"1977","unstructured":"Laha RK, Jannetta PJ. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1977;47(3):316\u2013320."},{"issue":"20","key":"b3","series-title":"JAMA","first-page":"1600","article-title":"Cerebello-pontine tumor diagnosed for six years as tic douloureux: the symptoms of irritation of the ninth and twelfth cranial nerves","volume":"LIV","author":"Weisenburg TH","year":"1910","unstructured":"Weisenburg TH. Cerebello-pontine tumor diagnosed for six years as tic douloureux: the symptoms of irritation of the ninth and twelfth cranial nerves. JAMA. 1910;LIV(20):1600-1604."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"630","article-title":"Microsurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: case reports","volume":"25","author":"Fraioli B","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fraioli B, Esposito V, Ferrante L, Trubiani L, Lunardi P. Microsurgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: case reports. Neurosurgery. 1989;25(4):630\u2013632."},{"key":"b5","article-title":"13.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. International Classification of Headache Disorders-3","unstructured":"13.2.1 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. International Classification of Headache Disorders-3. Accessed June 30, 2025.https:\/\/ichd-3.org\/13-painful-cranial-neuropathies-and-other-facial-pains\/13-2-glossopharyngeal-neuralgia\/13-2-1-glossopharyngeal-neuralgia\/"},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"Clin J Pain","first-page":"4","article-title":"Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis","volume":"18","author":"Devor M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Devor M, Amir R, Rappaport ZH. Pathophysiology of trigeminal neuralgia: the ignition hypothesis. Clin J Pain. 2002;18(1):4\u201313."},{"issue":"7","key":"b7","series-title":"Curr Pain Headache Rep","first-page":"343","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"17","author":"Blumenfeld A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Blumenfeld A, Nikolskaya G. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2013;17(7):343."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurol Clin","first-page":"143","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of drugs used to treat head and face pain","volume":"8","author":"Fromm GH","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fromm GH. Clinical pharmacology of drugs used to treat head and face pain. Neurol Clin. 1990;8(1):143\u2013151."},{"issue":"5","key":"b9","series-title":"Eur J Pain","first-page":"1064","article-title":"Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in 354 patients with trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"25","author":"Di Stefano G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di Stefano G, De Stefano G, Leone C,  Real-world effectiveness and tolerability of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine in 354 patients with trigeminal neuralgia. Eur J Pain. 2021;25(5):1064\u20131071."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Clin Neurosurg","first-page":"607","article-title":"Microsurgery of cranial nerve cross-compression","volume":"26","author":"Jannetta PJ","year":"1979","unstructured":"Jannetta PJ. Microsurgery of cranial nerve cross-compression. Clin Neurosurg. 1979;26:607\u2013615."},{"issue":"10","key":"b11","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1245","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases","volume":"151","author":"Ferroli P","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ferroli P, Fioravanti A, Schiariti M,  Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a long-term retrospectic review of the Milan-Bologna experience in 31 consecutive cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2009;151(10):1245\u20131250."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"441","article-title":"Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review","volume":"24","author":"Kandan SR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kandan SR, Khan S, Jeyaretna DS, Lhatoo S, Patel NK, Coakham HB. Neuralgia of the glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves: long-term outcome following surgical treatment and literature review. Br J Neurosurg. 2010;24(4):441\u2013446."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"559","article-title":"Gamma Knife surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"110","author":"Yomo S","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yomo S, Arkha Y, Donnet A, R\u00e9gis J. Gamma Knife surgery for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 2009;110(3):559\u2013563."},{"issue":"4","key":"b14","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"413","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated with gamma knife radiosurgery","volume":"73","author":"Williams BJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams BJ, Schlesinger D, Sheehan J. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated with gamma knife radiosurgery. World Neurosurg. 2010;73(4):413\u2013417."},{"issue":"3","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery","volume":"34","author":"Rey-Dios R","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rey-Dios R, Cohen-Gadol AA. Current neurosurgical management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia and technical nuances for microvascular decompression surgery. Neurosurg Focus. 2013;34(3):E8."},{"issue":"4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"575","article-title":"Selective percutaneous thermocoagulation rhizotomy in essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"55","author":"Isamat F","year":"1981","unstructured":"Isamat F, Ferr\u00e1n E, Acebes JJ. Selective percutaneous thermocoagulation rhizotomy in essential glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neurosurg. 1981;55(4):575\u2013580."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neuroimaging","first-page":"477","article-title":"MRI findings and outcomes in patients undergoing microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"28","author":"Jani RH","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jani RH, Hughes MA, Ligus ZE, Nikas A, Sekula RF. MRI findings and outcomes in patients undergoing microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia. J Neuroimaging. 2018;28(5):477\u2013482."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"808","article-title":"The utility of calcium phosphate cement in cranioplasty following retromastoid craniectomy for cranial neuralgias","volume":"27","author":"Frederickson AM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Frederickson AM, Sekula RF. The utility of calcium phosphate cement in cranioplasty following retromastoid craniectomy for cranial neuralgias. Br J Neurosurg. 2013;27(6):808\u2013811."},{"issue":"6","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1967","article-title":"Utility of the intensive care unit in patients undergoing microvascular decompression: a multiinstitution comparative analysis","volume":"126","author":"Lawrence JD","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lawrence JD, Tuchek C, Cohen-Gadol AA, Sekula RF. Utility of the intensive care unit in patients undergoing microvascular decompression: a multiinstitution comparative analysis. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(6):1967\u20131973."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"884","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and complication avoidance","volume":"54","author":"Sampson JH","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sampson JH, Grossi PM, Asaoka K, Fukushima T. Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and complication avoidance. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):884\u2013890."},{"issue":"2","key":"b21","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"129","article-title":"Microvascular decompression alone without rhizotomy is an effective way of treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical analysis of 46 cases","volume":"98","author":"Zheng X","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng X, Wei XY, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Ying TT, Li ST. Microvascular decompression alone without rhizotomy is an effective way of treating glossopharyngeal neuralgia: clinical analysis of 46 cases. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2020;98(2):129\u2013135."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"117","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 228 cases","volume":"160","author":"Xia L","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xia L, Li YS, Liu MX,  Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 228 cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2018;160(1):117\u2013123."},{"issue":"4","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"705","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases","volume":"50","author":"Patel A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patel A, Kassam A, Horowitz M, Chang YF. Microvascular decompression in the management of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: analysis of 217 cases. Neurosurgery. 2002;50(4):705\u2013711."},{"issue":"3","key":"b24","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"820","article-title":"Prognostic factors for long-term outcomes of microvascular decompression in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 97 patients","volume":"137","author":"Zheng W","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng W, Zhao P, Song H,  Prognostic factors for long-term outcomes of microvascular decompression in the treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia: a retrospective analysis of 97 patients. J Neurosurg. 2022;137(3):820\u2013827."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"47","article-title":"Current advances in the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"46","author":"Berckemeyer MA","year":"2023","unstructured":"Berckemeyer MA, Suarez-Meade P, Carcelen MFV,  Current advances in the surgical treatment of glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Neurosurg Rev. 2023;46(1):47."},{"issue":"8","key":"b26","series-title":"J Craniofac Surg","first-page":"2192","article-title":"Does glossopharyngeal neuralgia need rhizotomy in neurovascular decompression surgery?","volume":"29","author":"Wang J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang J, Yu R, Qu C,  Does glossopharyngeal neuralgia need rhizotomy in neurovascular decompression surgery?. J Craniofac Surg. 2018;29(8):2192\u20132194."},{"issue":"4","key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1059","article-title":"Reduction in high-frequency hearing loss following technical modifications to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm","volume":"123","author":"Thirumala P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thirumala P, Frederickson AM, Balzer J,  Reduction in high-frequency hearing loss following technical modifications to microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. J Neurosurg. 2015;123(4):1059\u20131064."},{"issue":"3","key":"b28","series-title":"Cephalalgia","first-page":"143","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"3","author":"Bruyn GW","year":"1983","unstructured":"Bruyn GW. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Cephalalgia. 1983;3(3):143\u2013157."},{"issue":"12","key":"b29","series-title":"Neurology","first-page":"1283","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal nerve contrast enhancement in recent-onset glossopharyngeal neuralgia","volume":"84","author":"Truini A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Truini A, Colonnese C, Manfredi M. Glossopharyngeal nerve contrast enhancement in recent-onset glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Neurology. 2015;84(12):1283."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"768","article-title":"MRI findings in patients with a history of failed prior microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: how to image and where to look","volume":"36","author":"Hughes MA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hughes MA, Branstetter BF, Taylor CT,  MRI findings in patients with a history of failed prior microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: how to image and where to look. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2015;36(4):768\u2013773."},{"issue":"1","key":"b31","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"90","article-title":"Failed microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm due to persistent neurovascular compression: an analysis of reoperations","volume":"124","author":"Bigder MG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bigder MG, Kaufmann AM. Failed microvascular decompression surgery for hemifacial spasm due to persistent neurovascular compression: an analysis of reoperations. J Neurosurg. 2016;124(1):90\u201395."},{"issue":"5","key":"b32","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"523","article-title":"Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia patients with recurrent or persistent pain despite three or more prior operations","volume":"73","author":"Pollock BE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pollock BE, Stein KJ. Surgical management of trigeminal neuralgia patients with recurrent or persistent pain despite three or more prior operations. World Neurosurg. 2010;73(5):523\u2013528."},{"key":"b33","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"51","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through a microasterional approach: a case series","volume":"7","author":"Revuelta-Guti\u00e9rrez R","year":"2016","unstructured":"Revuelta-Guti\u00e9rrez R, Morales-Mart\u00ednez AH, Mej\u00edas-Soto C, Mart\u00ednez-Anda JJ, Ortega-Porcayo LA. Microvascular decompression for glossopharyngeal neuralgia through a microasterional approach: a case series. Surg Neurol Int. 2016;7:51."},{"issue":"5","key":"b34","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1372","article-title":"Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery: safety and efficacy through long-term follow-up","volume":"128","author":"Pommier B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pommier B, Touzet G, Lucas C, Vermandel M, Blond S, Reyns N. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia treated by Gamma Knife radiosurgery: safety and efficacy through long-term follow-up. J Neurosurg. 2018;128(5):1372\u20131379."},{"issue":"4","key":"b35","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1021","article-title":"Salvage gamma knife surgery for recurrent glossopharyngeal neuralgia following microvascular decompression: a retrospective case series","volume":"163","author":"Chai S","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chai S, Xu H, Xiao D,  Salvage gamma knife surgery for recurrent glossopharyngeal neuralgia following microvascular decompression: a retrospective case series. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2021;163(4):1021\u20131026."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE19.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1780129049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE19.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.6.focus25287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}