{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T10:26:20Z","timestamp":1785320780345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dolichoectasia of the intracranial arteries is a rare vascular disorder. Patients with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) can present with cranial nerve deficits, such as cranial rhizopathies. The aim of this study was to systematically review existing literature and to share an institutional experience in treating VBD-associated trigeminal neuralgia (TN) and hemifacial spasm (HFS), as well as to provide an overview for optimal therapeutic decision-making in these patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted across three major databases to identify publications on VBD in which patients presented with TN or HFS. Articles were screened based on predefined eligibility criteria. Relevant patient data were extracted from the included articles, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment modalities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 155 articles were identified comprising 801 patients, plus 7 patients from the authors\u2019 institution, resulting in 808 patients (mean age 60.1 years) with VBD-associated TN and\/or HFS. Among patients receiving nonsurgical treatments such as medication, symptoms did not fully resolve. Of patients who underwent radiosurgery, 63.7% experienced symptom resolution, but 47.2% had recurrence after a mean of 14.1 months. Among patients treated with microvascular decompression (MVD), symptoms resolved in 87.3%, improved in 11.7%, and recurred in 6.5% (over a mean of 17.4 months after surgery). A significant statistical difference was seen between the recurrence rates of MVD and radiosurgery (p &lt; 0.005). Interestingly, interposition and transposition surgical techniques showed similar efficacy, with symptom resolution in 89.2% and 87.4% of patients, respectively. Moreover, endoscopic approaches significantly reduced complication rates compared to microscope-assisted approaches (5.3% vs 23.8%), although their impact on complete symptom resolution was not statistically significant.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with the other therapeutic approaches, MVD had a higher rate of symptom resolution and a lower recurrence rate. Notably, endoscope-assisted decompression was linked to fewer complications. Additionally, the interposition and transposition surgical techniques showed similar efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.6.focus25440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T12:16:51Z","timestamp":1756729011000},"page":"E6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Trigeminal neuralgia or hemifacial spasm due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a single-center case series and systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Pour-Rashidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Shirani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abbas","family":"Amirjamshidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk and neuroradiological profiles in asymptomatic vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"30","author":"Ikeda K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Nakamura Y, Hirayama T,  Cardiovascular risk and neuroradiological profiles in asymptomatic vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30(1):23\u201328."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"270","article-title":"The natural history of radiographically defined vertebrobasilar nonsaccular intracranial aneurysms","volume":"20","author":"Flemming KD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flemming KD, Wiebers DO, Brown RD,  The natural history of radiographically defined vertebrobasilar nonsaccular intracranial aneurysms. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20(4):270\u2013279."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"107401","article-title":"Neurovascular compression syndrome: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, four case reports and review of literature","volume":"221","author":"Shi X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi X, Zhang X, Xu L, Xu Z. Neurovascular compression syndrome: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, four case reports and review of literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2022;221:107401."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"330","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"67","author":"El-Ghandour NMF","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Ghandour NMF. Microvascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar ectasia. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(2):330\u2013337."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"123","article-title":"Vestibulocochlear symptoms caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"13","author":"Huh G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huh G, Bae YJ, Woo HJ, Park JH, Koo JW, Song JJ. Vestibulocochlear symptoms caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;13(2):123\u2013132."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"61","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review","volume":"7","author":"Smoker WR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smoker WR, Corbett JJ, Gentry LR, Keyes WD, Price MJ, McKusker S. High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7(1):61\u201372."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM,  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"47","author":"Rogers CL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers CL, Shetter AG, Fiedler JA, Smith KA, Han PP, Speiser BL. Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(4):1013\u20131019."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Handb Clin Neurol","first-page":"675","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm","volume":"100","author":"Abbruzzese G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abbruzzese G, Berardelli A, Defazio G. Hemifacial spasm. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:675\u2013680."},{"issue":"9","key":"b10","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1582","article-title":"The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms","volume":"26","author":"Yaltho TC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaltho TC, Jankovic J. The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms. Mov Disord. 2011;26(9):1582\u20131592."},{"issue":"5","key":"b11","series-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko","first-page":"50","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia following vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"84","author":"Shulev Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shulev Y, Gordienko KS, Trashin AV, Pechiborshch DA. Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia following vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2020;84(5):50\u201363."},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"951","article-title":"An easy adjustable method of ectatic vertebrobasilar artery transposition for microvascular decompression","volume":"114","author":"Lin CF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin CF, Chen HH, Hernesniemi J,  An easy adjustable method of ectatic vertebrobasilar artery transposition for microvascular decompression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(7):951\u2013956."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Outcomes of Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"116","author":"Park KJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park KJ, Kondziolka D, Kano H,  Outcomes of Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(1):73\u201381."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"707985","article-title":"Comparison of microvascular decompression and two isocenters Gamma Knife for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"12","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Chai S, Wang J, Jiang X, Nie C, Zhao H. Comparison of microvascular decompression and two isocenters Gamma Knife for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:707985."},{"issue":"Suppl 16","key":"b15","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"S580","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery to the trigeminal ganglion for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"5","author":"Somaza S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Somaza S, Hurtado W, Montilla E, Ghaleb J. Gamma knife radiosurgery to the trigeminal ganglion for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(Suppl 16):S580-S585."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia related to megadolichobasilar artery compression: a prospective series of twenty-nine patients treated with Gamma Knife surgery, with more than one year of follow-up","volume":"92","author":"Tuleasca C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuleasca C, Carron R, Resseguier N,  Trigeminal neuralgia related to megadolichobasilar artery compression: a prospective series of twenty-nine patients treated with Gamma Knife surgery, with more than one year of follow-up. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2014;92(3):170\u2013177."},{"key":"b17","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"516","article-title":"Is there a safe and effective way to treat trigeminal neuralgia associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia? Presentation of 8 cases and literature review","volume":"96","author":"Vanaclocha V","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vanaclocha V, Herrera JM, Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez D, Rivera-Paz M, Calabuig-Bayo C, Vanaclocha L. Is there a safe and effective way to treat trigeminal neuralgia associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia? Presentation of 8 cases and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2016;96:516\u2013529."},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"105","author":"Chen JF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen JF, Lee ST. Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(3):203\u2013208."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Int J Case Rep Images","first-page":"101015Z01MG2019","article-title":"Vertebral artery dolichoectasia leading to hemifacial spasm","volume":"10","author":"El Hasbani G","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Hasbani G, Rabinovich A. Vertebral artery dolichoectasia leading to hemifacial spasm. Int J Case Rep Images. 2019;10:101015Z01MG2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"285","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar artery compression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Di Carlo DT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Carlo DT, Benedetto N, Marani W, Montemurro N, Perrini P. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar artery compression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(1):285\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar compression","volume":"81","author":"Linskey ME","year":"1994","unstructured":"Linskey ME, Jho HD, Jannetta PJ. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar compression. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(1):1\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"665","article-title":"Repeat operations in failed microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"35","author":"Cho DY","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cho DY, Chang CGS, Wang YC, Wang FH, Shen CC, Yang DY. Repeat operations in failed microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(4):665\u2013670."},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"356","article-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression","volume":"46","author":"Lee SH","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee SH, Levy EI, Scarrow AM, Kassam A, Jannetta PJ. Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(2):356\u2013362."},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"194","article-title":"Basilar artery ectasia causing trigeminal neuralgia: an evolved technique of transpositional suture-pexy","volume":"14","author":"Singh H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh H, da Silva HB, Zeinalizadeh M, Elarjani T, Straus D, Sekhar LN. Basilar artery ectasia causing trigeminal neuralgia: an evolved technique of transpositional suture-pexy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;14(2):194\u2013199."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"136","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar artery: a case series review: 2-dimensional operative video: corrigendum","volume":"27","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar artery: a case series review: 2-dimensional operative video: corrigendum. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;27(1):136\u2013136."},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"73","article-title":"Endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Chen L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Shang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2023;117:73\u201378."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"A115","article-title":"P158 Endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasms associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Torio JE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Torio JE, Buenviaje VA. P158 Endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasms associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2024;16:A115."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e566","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for the management of hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"121","author":"El Refaee E","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Refaee E, Langner S, Marx S, Rosenstengel C, Baldauf J, Schroeder HWS. Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for the management of hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. World Neurosurg. 2019;121:e566\u2013e575."},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Pain Res","first-page":"2205","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and technical note","volume":"13","author":"Sun Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Z, Wang Y, Cai X, Xie S, Jiang Z. Endoscopic vascular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and technical note. J Pain Res. 2020;13:2205\u20132211."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes","volume":"54","author":"Rak R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rak R, Sekhar LN, Stimac D, Hechl P. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):876\u2013883."},{"key":"b31","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"647","article-title":"A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression","volume":"126","author":"Li Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Mao F, Cheng F, Peng C, Guo D, Wang B. A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:647\u2013655.e7."},{"issue":"4","key":"b32","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"48","author":"Kabil MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kabil MS, Eby JB, Shahinian HK. Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2005;48(4):207\u2013212."},{"issue":"8","key":"b33","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"742","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia due to compression of the trigeminal root by a basilar artery trunk","volume":"27","author":"Miyazaki S","year":"1987","unstructured":"Miyazaki S, Fukushima T, Tamagawa T, Morita A. Trigeminal neuralgia due to compression of the trigeminal root by a basilar artery trunk. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1987;27(8):742\u2013748."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1474553","article-title":"Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Signorelli F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Signorelli F, Zeoli F, Rastegar V, Beccia F, Caronna R, Visocchi M. Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1474553."},{"issue":"11","key":"b35","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2811","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique","volume":"162","author":"Chai S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai S, Xu H, Wang Q,  Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(11):2811\u20132821."},{"issue":"1","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"240","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm: a neurosurgical perspective","volume":"140","author":"Kaufmann AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaufmann AM. Hemifacial spasm: a neurosurgical perspective. J Neurosurg. 2024;140(1):240\u2013247."},{"issue":"6","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and prognostic factors in a series of 362 consecutive patients with clear-cut neurovascular conflicts who underwent pure decompression","volume":"107","author":"Sindou M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sindou M, Leston J, Decullier E, Chapuis F. Microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and prognostic factors in a series of 362 consecutive patients with clear-cut neurovascular conflicts who underwent pure decompression. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(6):1144\u20131153."},{"issue":"13","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"1020","article-title":"New method of MVD using a vascular tape for neurovascular compression involving the vertebrobasilar artery","volume":"30","author":"Suzuki S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Tsuchita H, Kurokawa Y, Kitami K, Sohma T, Takeda T. New method of MVD using a vascular tape for neurovascular compression involving the vertebrobasilar artery. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1990;30(13):1020\u20131023."},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"62","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: surgical strategies, technical nuances and clinical outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Zaidi HA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaidi HA, Awad AW, Chowdhry SA, Fusco D, Nakaji P, Spetzler RF. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: surgical strategies, technical nuances and clinical outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(1):62\u201368."},{"key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"123499","article-title":"An application of combined transpetrosal approach with microneurovascular transposition in recurrent trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebral artery","volume":"194","author":"Yindeedej V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yindeedej V, Nimmannitya P, Duangprasert G, Noiphithak R, Goto T. An application of combined transpetrosal approach with microneurovascular transposition in recurrent trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebral artery. World Neurosurg. 2025;194:123499."},{"issue":"5","key":"b41","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"481","article-title":"Microsurgical strategies for the treatment of compression neuropathies secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: from simple decompression to sling transposition","volume":"17","author":"Barrow DL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barrow DL, Ellis JA. Microsurgical strategies for the treatment of compression neuropathies secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: from simple decompression to sling transposition. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;17(5):481\u2013490."},{"issue":"7","key":"b42","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Wedge-technique for transposition of the vertebral artery in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: technical nuances and surgical outcomes","volume":"161","author":"Nonaka Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nonaka Y, Hayashi N, Matsumae M, Fukushima T. Wedge-technique for transposition of the vertebral artery in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: technical nuances and surgical outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(7):1435\u20131442."},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1178.e5","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm associated with bilateral vertebral artery compression","volume":"84","author":"Shimano H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimano H, Kondo A, Yasuda S, Inoue H, Park YT, Murao K. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm associated with bilateral vertebral artery compression. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(4):1178.e5\u20131178.e9."},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Research Square","article-title":"Surgical strategy for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique","author":"Zheng W","unstructured":"Zheng W, Wang L, Wang H,  Surgical strategy for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique. Research Square. Preprint published online February 19, 2024. doi:10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3863778"},{"issue":"5","key":"b45","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"949","article-title":"Tic convulsif: results in 11 cases treated with microvascular decompression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves","volume":"61","author":"Cook BR","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cook BR, Jannetta PJ. Tic convulsif: results in 11 cases treated with microvascular decompression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves. J Neurosurg. 1984;61(5):949\u2013951."},{"issue":"5","key":"b46","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"559","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system","volume":"24","author":"Takamiya Y","year":"1985","unstructured":"Takamiya Y, Toya S, Kawase T, Takenaka N, Shiga H. Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system. Surg Neurol. 1985;24(5):559\u2013562."},{"issue":"04","key":"b47","series-title":"Arq Bras Neurocir","first-page":"352","article-title":"Microvascular compressicaude by slinging a tortuous vertebrobasilar artery to the petrous dura in hemifacial spasm: technical note","volume":"37","author":"Chowdhury F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chowdhury F, Haque M, Rumi J, Reza M. Microvascular compressicaude by slinging a tortuous vertebrobasilar artery to the petrous dura in hemifacial spasm: technical note. Arq Bras Neurocir. 2018;37(04):352\u2013361."},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"576","article-title":"Anterior transpetrosal approach for microvascular decompression associated with the dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery in two patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia: technical note","volume":"13","author":"Segawa M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Segawa M, Inoue T, Tsunoda S, Noda R, Akabane A. Anterior transpetrosal approach for microvascular decompression associated with the dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery in two patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia: technical note. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:576."},{"issue":"2","key":"b49","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"151","article-title":"Encircling method of trigeminal nerve decompression for neuralgia caused by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery: technical note","volume":"43","author":"Yoshimoto Y","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yoshimoto Y, Noguchi M, Tsutsumi Y. Encircling method of trigeminal nerve decompression for neuralgia caused by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery: technical note. Surg Neurol. 1995;43(2):151\u2013153."},{"key":"b50","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"620","article-title":"Repositioning technique for the decompression of symptomatic dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar pathology: a comprehensive review of sling characteristics and surgical experience","volume":"122","author":"Wang L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Cai L, Qian H, Oh JS, Tanikawa R, Shi X. Repositioning technique for the decompression of symptomatic dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar pathology: a comprehensive review of sling characteristics and surgical experience. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:620\u2013631."},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"183","article-title":"Clinical analysis and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Sun S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun S, Jiang W, Wang J,  Clinical analysis and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective study. Int J Surg. 2017;41:183\u2013189."},{"issue":"6","key":"b52","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg","first-page":"e267","article-title":"The \"binder ring\" bypass: transection, rerouting, and reanastomosis as an alternative to macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic vertebral artery","volume":"22","author":"Srinivasan VM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Srinivasan VM, Labib MA, Furey CG, Catapano JS, Lawton MT. The \"binder ring\" bypass: transection, rerouting, and reanastomosis as an alternative to macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic vertebral artery. Oper Neurosurg. 2022;22(6):e267."},{"issue":"4","key":"b53","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"2709","article-title":"Microvascular decompression by interposition method for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"45","author":"Yu F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu F, Yin J, Lu PG, Zhao ZY, Zhang YQ, Men XZ. Microvascular decompression by interposition method for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective single-center study.  Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(4):2709\u20132715."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"23","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk and neuroradiological profiles in asymptomatic vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"30","author":"Ikeda K","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Nakamura Y, Hirayama T,  Cardiovascular risk and neuroradiological profiles in asymptomatic vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2010;30(1):23\u201328."},{"issue":"4","key":"b2","series-title":"Cerebrovasc Dis","first-page":"270","article-title":"The natural history of radiographically defined vertebrobasilar nonsaccular intracranial aneurysms","volume":"20","author":"Flemming KD","year":"2005","unstructured":"Flemming KD, Wiebers DO, Brown RD,  The natural history of radiographically defined vertebrobasilar nonsaccular intracranial aneurysms. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005;20(4):270\u2013279."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"107401","article-title":"Neurovascular compression syndrome: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, four case reports and review of literature","volume":"221","author":"Shi X","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi X, Zhang X, Xu L, Xu Z. Neurovascular compression syndrome: trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, vestibular paroxysmia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, four case reports and review of literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2022;221:107401."},{"issue":"2","key":"b4","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"330","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"67","author":"El-Ghandour NMF","year":"2010","unstructured":"El-Ghandour NMF. Microvascular decompression in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar ectasia. Neurosurgery. 2010;67(2):330\u2013337."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol","first-page":"123","article-title":"Vestibulocochlear symptoms caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"13","author":"Huh G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huh G, Bae YJ, Woo HJ, Park JH, Koo JW, Song JJ. Vestibulocochlear symptoms caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;13(2):123\u2013132."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol","first-page":"61","article-title":"High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review","volume":"7","author":"Smoker WR","year":"1986","unstructured":"Smoker WR, Corbett JJ, Gentry LR, Keyes WD, Price MJ, McKusker S. High-resolution computed tomography of the basilar artery: 2. Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: clinical-pathologic correlation and review. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1986;7(1):61\u201372."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"BMJ","first-page":"n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM,  The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71."},{"issue":"4","key":"b8","series-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute","volume":"47","author":"Rogers CL","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rogers CL, Shetter AG, Fiedler JA, Smith KA, Han PP, Speiser BL. Gamma knife radiosurgery for trigeminal neuralgia: the initial experience of the Barrow Neurological Institute. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2000;47(4):1013\u20131019."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Handb Clin Neurol","first-page":"675","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm","volume":"100","author":"Abbruzzese G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abbruzzese G, Berardelli A, Defazio G. Hemifacial spasm. Handb Clin Neurol. 2011;100:675\u2013680."},{"issue":"9","key":"b10","series-title":"Mov Disord","first-page":"1582","article-title":"The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms","volume":"26","author":"Yaltho TC","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yaltho TC, Jankovic J. The many faces of hemifacial spasm: differential diagnosis of unilateral facial spasms. Mov Disord. 2011;26(9):1582\u20131592."},{"issue":"5","key":"b11","series-title":"Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko","first-page":"50","article-title":"Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia following vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"84","author":"Shulev Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shulev Y, Gordienko KS, Trashin AV, Pechiborshch DA. Microvascular decompression in trigeminal neuralgia following vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Zh Vopr Neirokhir Im N N Burdenko. 2020;84(5):50\u201363."},{"issue":"7","key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"951","article-title":"An easy adjustable method of ectatic vertebrobasilar artery transposition for microvascular decompression","volume":"114","author":"Lin CF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lin CF, Chen HH, Hernesniemi J,  An easy adjustable method of ectatic vertebrobasilar artery transposition for microvascular decompression. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2012;114(7):951\u2013956."},{"issue":"1","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"73","article-title":"Outcomes of Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"116","author":"Park KJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Park KJ, Kondziolka D, Kano H,  Outcomes of Gamma Knife surgery for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia. J Neurosurg. 2012;116(1):73\u201381."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"707985","article-title":"Comparison of microvascular decompression and two isocenters Gamma Knife for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"12","author":"Zhao Z","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Chai S, Wang J, Jiang X, Nie C, Zhao H. Comparison of microvascular decompression and two isocenters Gamma Knife for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. Front Neurol. 2021;12:707985."},{"issue":"Suppl 16","key":"b15","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"S580","article-title":"Gamma knife radiosurgery to the trigeminal ganglion for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia","volume":"5","author":"Somaza S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Somaza S, Hurtado W, Montilla E, Ghaleb J. Gamma knife radiosurgery to the trigeminal ganglion for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar ectasia. Surg Neurol Int. 2014;5(Suppl 16):S580-S585."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg","first-page":"170","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia related to megadolichobasilar artery compression: a prospective series of twenty-nine patients treated with Gamma Knife surgery, with more than one year of follow-up","volume":"92","author":"Tuleasca C","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tuleasca C, Carron R, Resseguier N,  Trigeminal neuralgia related to megadolichobasilar artery compression: a prospective series of twenty-nine patients treated with Gamma Knife surgery, with more than one year of follow-up. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg. 2014;92(3):170\u2013177."},{"key":"b17","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"516","article-title":"Is there a safe and effective way to treat trigeminal neuralgia associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia? Presentation of 8 cases and literature review","volume":"96","author":"Vanaclocha V","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vanaclocha V, Herrera JM, Mart\u00ednez-G\u00f3mez D, Rivera-Paz M, Calabuig-Bayo C, Vanaclocha L. Is there a safe and effective way to treat trigeminal neuralgia associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia? Presentation of 8 cases and literature review. World Neurosurg. 2016;96:516\u2013529."},{"issue":"3","key":"b18","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"203","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"105","author":"Chen JF","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen JF, Lee ST. Comparison of percutaneous trigeminal ganglion compression and microvascular decompression for the management of trigeminal neuralgia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2003;105(3):203\u2013208."},{"key":"b19","series-title":"Int J Case Rep Images","first-page":"101015Z01MG2019","article-title":"Vertebral artery dolichoectasia leading to hemifacial spasm","volume":"10","author":"El Hasbani G","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Hasbani G, Rabinovich A. Vertebral artery dolichoectasia leading to hemifacial spasm. Int J Case Rep Images. 2019;10:101015Z01MG2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"285","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar artery compression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Di Carlo DT","year":"2022","unstructured":"Di Carlo DT, Benedetto N, Marani W, Montemurro N, Perrini P. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar artery compression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(1):285\u2013294."},{"issue":"1","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar compression","volume":"81","author":"Linskey ME","year":"1994","unstructured":"Linskey ME, Jho HD, Jannetta PJ. Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar compression. J Neurosurg. 1994;81(1):1\u20139."},{"issue":"4","key":"b22","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"665","article-title":"Repeat operations in failed microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia","volume":"35","author":"Cho DY","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cho DY, Chang CGS, Wang YC, Wang FH, Shen CC, Yang DY. Repeat operations in failed microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia. Neurosurgery. 1994;35(4):665\u2013670."},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"356","article-title":"Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression","volume":"46","author":"Lee SH","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lee SH, Levy EI, Scarrow AM, Kassam A, Jannetta PJ. Recurrent trigeminal neuralgia attributable to veins after microvascular decompression. Neurosurgery. 2000;46(2):356\u2013362."},{"issue":"2","key":"b24","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"194","article-title":"Basilar artery ectasia causing trigeminal neuralgia: an evolved technique of transpositional suture-pexy","volume":"14","author":"Singh H","year":"2018","unstructured":"Singh H, da Silva HB, Zeinalizadeh M, Elarjani T, Straus D, Sekhar LN. Basilar artery ectasia causing trigeminal neuralgia: an evolved technique of transpositional suture-pexy. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018;14(2):194\u2013199."},{"issue":"1","key":"b25","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"136","article-title":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar artery: a case series review: 2-dimensional operative video: corrigendum","volume":"27","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fully endoscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar artery: a case series review: 2-dimensional operative video: corrigendum. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024;27(1):136\u2013136."},{"key":"b26","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"73","article-title":"Endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"117","author":"Chen L","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, Shang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Neurosci. 2023;117:73\u201378."},{"key":"b27","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"A115","article-title":"P158 Endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasms associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Torio JE","year":"2024","unstructured":"Torio JE, Buenviaje VA. P158 Endoscopic-assisted microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasms associated with vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a meta-analysis. J Neurointerv Surg. 2024;16:A115."},{"key":"b28","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e566","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for the management of hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia","volume":"121","author":"El Refaee E","year":"2019","unstructured":"El Refaee E, Langner S, Marx S, Rosenstengel C, Baldauf J, Schroeder HWS. Endoscope-assisted microvascular decompression for the management of hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia. World Neurosurg. 2019;121:e566\u2013e575."},{"key":"b29","series-title":"J Pain Res","first-page":"2205","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and technical note","volume":"13","author":"Sun Z","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sun Z, Wang Y, Cai X, Xie S, Jiang Z. Endoscopic vascular decompression for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: clinical outcomes and technical note. J Pain Res. 2020;13:2205\u20132211."},{"issue":"4","key":"b30","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"876","article-title":"Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes","volume":"54","author":"Rak R","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rak R, Sekhar LN, Stimac D, Hechl P. Endoscope-assisted microsurgery for microvascular compression syndromes. Neurosurgery. 2004;54(4):876\u2013883."},{"key":"b31","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"647","article-title":"A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression","volume":"126","author":"Li Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Mao F, Cheng F, Peng C, Guo D, Wang B. A meta-analysis of endoscopic microvascular decompression versus microscopic microvascular decompression for the treatment for cranial nerve syndrome caused by vascular compression. World Neurosurg. 2019;126:647\u2013655.e7."},{"issue":"4","key":"b32","series-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg","first-page":"207","article-title":"Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve","volume":"48","author":"Kabil MS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kabil MS, Eby JB, Shahinian HK. Endoscopic vascular decompression versus microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve. Minim Invasive Neurosurg. 2005;48(4):207\u2013212."},{"issue":"8","key":"b33","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"742","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia due to compression of the trigeminal root by a basilar artery trunk","volume":"27","author":"Miyazaki S","year":"1987","unstructured":"Miyazaki S, Fukushima T, Tamagawa T, Morita A. Trigeminal neuralgia due to compression of the trigeminal root by a basilar artery trunk. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1987;27(8):742\u2013748."},{"key":"b34","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"1474553","article-title":"Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Signorelli F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Signorelli F, Zeoli F, Rastegar V, Beccia F, Caronna R, Visocchi M. Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis. Front Neurol. 2024;15:1474553."},{"issue":"11","key":"b35","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2811","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique","volume":"162","author":"Chai S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chai S, Xu H, Wang Q,  Microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(11):2811\u20132821."},{"issue":"1","key":"b36","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"240","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm: a neurosurgical perspective","volume":"140","author":"Kaufmann AM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kaufmann AM. Hemifacial spasm: a neurosurgical perspective. J Neurosurg. 2024;140(1):240\u2013247."},{"issue":"6","key":"b37","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1144","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and prognostic factors in a series of 362 consecutive patients with clear-cut neurovascular conflicts who underwent pure decompression","volume":"107","author":"Sindou M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sindou M, Leston J, Decullier E, Chapuis F. Microvascular decompression for primary trigeminal neuralgia: long-term effectiveness and prognostic factors in a series of 362 consecutive patients with clear-cut neurovascular conflicts who underwent pure decompression. J Neurosurg. 2007;107(6):1144\u20131153."},{"issue":"13","key":"b38","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"1020","article-title":"New method of MVD using a vascular tape for neurovascular compression involving the vertebrobasilar artery","volume":"30","author":"Suzuki S","year":"1990","unstructured":"Suzuki S, Tsuchita H, Kurokawa Y, Kitami K, Sohma T, Takeda T. New method of MVD using a vascular tape for neurovascular compression involving the vertebrobasilar artery. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 1990;30(13):1020\u20131023."},{"issue":"1","key":"b39","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"62","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: surgical strategies, technical nuances and clinical outcomes","volume":"22","author":"Zaidi HA","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zaidi HA, Awad AW, Chowdhry SA, Fusco D, Nakaji P, Spetzler RF. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: surgical strategies, technical nuances and clinical outcomes. J Clin Neurosci. 2015;22(1):62\u201368."},{"key":"b40","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"123499","article-title":"An application of combined transpetrosal approach with microneurovascular transposition in recurrent trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebral artery","volume":"194","author":"Yindeedej V","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yindeedej V, Nimmannitya P, Duangprasert G, Noiphithak R, Goto T. An application of combined transpetrosal approach with microneurovascular transposition in recurrent trigeminal neuralgia caused by dolichoectatic vertebral artery. World Neurosurg. 2025;194:123499."},{"issue":"5","key":"b41","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown)","first-page":"481","article-title":"Microsurgical strategies for the treatment of compression neuropathies secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: from simple decompression to sling transposition","volume":"17","author":"Barrow DL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barrow DL, Ellis JA. Microsurgical strategies for the treatment of compression neuropathies secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: from simple decompression to sling transposition. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2019;17(5):481\u2013490."},{"issue":"7","key":"b42","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1435","article-title":"Wedge-technique for transposition of the vertebral artery in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: technical nuances and surgical outcomes","volume":"161","author":"Nonaka Y","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nonaka Y, Hayashi N, Matsumae M, Fukushima T. Wedge-technique for transposition of the vertebral artery in microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: technical nuances and surgical outcomes. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2019;161(7):1435\u20131442."},{"issue":"4","key":"b43","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"1178.e5","article-title":"Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm associated with bilateral vertebral artery compression","volume":"84","author":"Shimano H","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shimano H, Kondo A, Yasuda S, Inoue H, Park YT, Murao K. Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm associated with bilateral vertebral artery compression. World Neurosurg. 2015;84(4):1178.e5\u20131178.e9."},{"key":"b44","series-title":"Research Square","article-title":"Surgical strategy for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique","author":"Zheng W","unstructured":"Zheng W, Wang L, Wang H,  Surgical strategy for hemifacial spasm caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: interposition technique versus transposition technique. Research Square. Preprint published online February 19, 2024. doi:10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3863778"},{"issue":"5","key":"b45","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"949","article-title":"Tic convulsif: results in 11 cases treated with microvascular decompression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves","volume":"61","author":"Cook BR","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cook BR, Jannetta PJ. Tic convulsif: results in 11 cases treated with microvascular decompression of the fifth and seventh cranial nerves. J Neurosurg. 1984;61(5):949\u2013951."},{"issue":"5","key":"b46","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"559","article-title":"Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system","volume":"24","author":"Takamiya Y","year":"1985","unstructured":"Takamiya Y, Toya S, Kawase T, Takenaka N, Shiga H. Trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm caused by a tortuous vertebrobasilar system. Surg Neurol. 1985;24(5):559\u2013562."},{"issue":"04","key":"b47","series-title":"Arq Bras Neurocir","first-page":"352","article-title":"Microvascular compressicaude by slinging a tortuous vertebrobasilar artery to the petrous dura in hemifacial spasm: technical note","volume":"37","author":"Chowdhury F","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chowdhury F, Haque M, Rumi J, Reza M. Microvascular compressicaude by slinging a tortuous vertebrobasilar artery to the petrous dura in hemifacial spasm: technical note. Arq Bras Neurocir. 2018;37(04):352\u2013361."},{"key":"b48","series-title":"Surg Neurol Int","first-page":"576","article-title":"Anterior transpetrosal approach for microvascular decompression associated with the dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery in two patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia: technical note","volume":"13","author":"Segawa M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Segawa M, Inoue T, Tsunoda S, Noda R, Akabane A. Anterior transpetrosal approach for microvascular decompression associated with the dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar artery in two patients with refractory trigeminal neuralgia: technical note. Surg Neurol Int. 2022;13:576."},{"issue":"2","key":"b49","series-title":"Surg Neurol","first-page":"151","article-title":"Encircling method of trigeminal nerve decompression for neuralgia caused by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery: technical note","volume":"43","author":"Yoshimoto Y","year":"1995","unstructured":"Yoshimoto Y, Noguchi M, Tsutsumi Y. Encircling method of trigeminal nerve decompression for neuralgia caused by tortuous vertebrobasilar artery: technical note. Surg Neurol. 1995;43(2):151\u2013153."},{"key":"b50","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"620","article-title":"Repositioning technique for the decompression of symptomatic dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar pathology: a comprehensive review of sling characteristics and surgical experience","volume":"122","author":"Wang L","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang L, Cai L, Qian H, Oh JS, Tanikawa R, Shi X. Repositioning technique for the decompression of symptomatic dolichoectatic vertebrobasilar pathology: a comprehensive review of sling characteristics and surgical experience. World Neurosurg. 2019;122:620\u2013631."},{"key":"b51","series-title":"Int J Surg","first-page":"183","article-title":"Clinical analysis and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective study","volume":"41","author":"Sun S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sun S, Jiang W, Wang J,  Clinical analysis and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia caused by vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective study. Int J Surg. 2017;41:183\u2013189."},{"issue":"6","key":"b52","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg","first-page":"e267","article-title":"The \"binder ring\" bypass: transection, rerouting, and reanastomosis as an alternative to macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic vertebral artery","volume":"22","author":"Srinivasan VM","year":"2022","unstructured":"Srinivasan VM, Labib MA, Furey CG, Catapano JS, Lawton MT. The \"binder ring\" bypass: transection, rerouting, and reanastomosis as an alternative to macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic vertebral artery. Oper Neurosurg. 2022;22(6):e267."},{"issue":"4","key":"b53","series-title":"Neurosurg Rev","first-page":"2709","article-title":"Microvascular decompression by interposition method for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"45","author":"Yu F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yu F, Yin J, Lu PG, Zhao ZY, Zhang YQ, Men XZ. Microvascular decompression by interposition method for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia due to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a retrospective single-center study.  Neurosurg Rev. 2022;45(4):2709\u20132715."}],"container-title":["Neurosurgical Focus"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE6.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T08:17:29Z","timestamp":1780129049000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/neurosurg-focus\/59\/3\/article-pE6.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]},"references-count":106,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.6.focus25440","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-0684"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-0684","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]]}}}