{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T22:24:13Z","timestamp":1779315853589,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surgical management of large vestibular schwannoma (VS; Koos grades III and IV) requires a balance between the maximum extent of resection and the best functional preservation. The primary objective of this study was to determine the volumetric threshold of the VS residual tumor at risk of progression after incomplete resection. The secondary objective was to identify other risk factors of regrowth after incomplete resection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This retrospective study included patients who underwent incomplete resection of sporadic VS at a single center from January 2008 to December 2018. The inclusion criteria were: adult age, large single sporadic VS, incomplete resection, and follow-up of &gt; 5 years. Quantitative 3D volumetry was assessed on pre- and postoperative contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI using semiautomated segmentation. The volumetric criteria for residual tumor were &lt; 250 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      for near-total resection (NTR) and &lt; 2 cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      for subtotal resection (STR). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess predictors of regrowth after incomplete resection. A residual volume cutoff for risk of regrowth was determined using the Youden index via area under the curve analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The cohort included 119 patients (60 female, median age 58 years) who were categorized into 3 subgroups based on the residual VS according to 3D volumetry: NTR, STR, and partial resection (PR). NTR achieved the best long-term tumor control. Kaplan-Meier progression-free survival rates at 2, 5, and 10 years were 98%, 97%, and 95% for the NTR group; 69%, 56%, and 56% for the STR group; and 20%, 0%, and 0% for the PR group, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001). The cutoff residual volume at risk of growth was 200 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , with sensitivity of 95% (95% CI 74%\u201399%) and specificity of 77% (95% CI 68%\u201385%, p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, good facial nerve outcomes (House-Brackmann grades I and II) were best achieved with PR (100%), followed by STR (96%) and NTR (90%). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors for regrowth of residual tumor were cystic morphology, residual volume, and residual location (internal auditory canal, cisternal segment, and brainstem combined). The multivariate model identified the volume and location of residual as risk factors (p &lt; 0.0001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These findings suggest that limited NTR (&lt; 250 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) offered an excellent compromise, with long-term tumor control comparable to that of radical resection while preserving superior functional preservation. The authors hope to stimulate discussion toward a unified volumetrically established classification of incomplete resections, allowing for cooperation in future multicenter studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.6.jns242466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:03Z","timestamp":1760146743000},"page":"346-353","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Near-total resection in sporadic vestibular schwannoma: is there a volumetric threshold for a win-win scenario?"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Stastna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Macfarlane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Mannion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Axon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manohar","family":"Bance","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Tysome","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mathew R.","family":"Guilfoyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Borsetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Duke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Jefferies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oncology, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Lawes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliette","family":"Buttimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of ENT, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ari","family":"Ercole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuro-anaesthesia, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan P.","family":"Coles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Perioperative, Acute, Critical Care, and Emergency Medicine (PACE) Section, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"11","article-title":"Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas): surgical management and results with an emphasis on complications and how to avoid them","volume":"40","author":"Samii M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Samii M, Matthies C. Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas): surgical management and results with an emphasis on complications and how to avoid them. Neurosurgery. 1997;40(1):11\u201323."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Growth rate of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"32","author":"Paldor I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paldor I, Chen AS, Kaye AH. Growth rate of vestibular schwannoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;32:1\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Should initial surveillance of vestibular schwannoma be abandoned? Skull Base","volume":"21","author":"Eljamel S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eljamel S, Hussain M, Eljamel MS. Should initial surveillance of vestibular schwannoma be abandoned? Skull Base. 2011;21(1):59\u201364."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"31","article-title":"EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"22","author":"Goldbrunner R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldbrunner R, Weller M, Regis J,  EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Neuro Oncol. 2020;22(1):31\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"The newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma: radiosurgery, resection, or observation?","volume":"33","author":"Kondziolka D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kondziolka D, Mousavi SH, Kano H, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD. The newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma: radiosurgery, resection, or observation? Neurosurg Focus. 2012;33(3):E8."},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E49","article-title":"Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of radiosurgery and radiation therapy in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas","volume":"82","author":"Germano IM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Germano IM, Sheehan J, Parish J,  Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of radiosurgery and radiation therapy in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 2018;82(2):E49\u2013E51."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery vs. fractionated radiotherapy for tumor control in vestibular schwannoma patients: a systematic review","volume":"159","author":"Persson O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Persson O, Bartek J, Shalom NB, Wangerid T, Jakola AS, F\u00f6rander P. Stereotactic radiosurgery vs. fractionated radiotherapy for tumor control in vestibular schwannoma patients: a systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(6):1013\u20131021."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"410","article-title":"Residual tumor volume and location predict progression after primary subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a retrospective volumetric study","volume":"86","author":"Breshears JD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breshears JD, Morshed RA, Molinaro AM, McDermott MW, Cheung SW, Theodosopoulos PV. Residual tumor volume and location predict progression after primary subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a retrospective volumetric study. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(3):410\u2013416."},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"281","article-title":"Factors associated with preservation of facial nerve function after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"102","author":"Bloch O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bloch O, Sughrue ME, Kaur R,  Factors associated with preservation of facial nerve function after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(2):281\u2013286."},{"issue":"8","key":"b10","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of tumor control following subtotal and near-total resection of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"126","author":"Jacob JT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacob JT, Carlson ML, Driscoll CL, Link MJ. Volumetric analysis of tumor control following subtotal and near-total resection of vestibular schwannoma. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(8):1877\u20131882."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"778590","article-title":"Risk factors for progression in vestibular schwannomas after incomplete resection: a single center retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Li J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Deng X, Ke D, Cheng J, Zhang S, Hui X. Risk factors for progression in vestibular schwannomas after incomplete resection: a single center retrospective study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:778590."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4665","article-title":"The behavior of residual tumors following incomplete surgical resection for vestibular schwannomas","volume":"11","author":"Park HH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park HH, Park SH, Oh HC,  The behavior of residual tumors following incomplete surgical resection for vestibular schwannomas. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4665."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"114","author":"Sughrue ME","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Rutkowski MJ,  Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(5):1218\u20131223."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1278","article-title":"The behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas","volume":"120","author":"Chen Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Z, Prasad SC, Di Lella F,  The behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(6):1278\u20131287."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"135","article-title":"Evaluating growth trends of residual sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Egiz A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egiz A, Nautiyal H, Alalade AF, Gurusinghe N, Roberts G. Evaluating growth trends of residual sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2022;159(1):135\u2013150."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"105769","article-title":"Exclusive surgical treatment for vestibular schwannoma regrowth or recurrence: a meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"193","author":"Fabbris C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabbris C, Gazzini L, Paltrinieri D, Marchioni D. Exclusive surgical treatment for vestibular schwannoma regrowth or recurrence: a meta-analysis of the literature. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2020;193:105769."},{"issue":"5","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1224","article-title":"Clinicopathological factors related to regrowth of vestibular schwannoma after incomplete resection","volume":"114","author":"Fukuda M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fukuda M, Oishi M, Hiraishi T, Natsumeda M, Fujii Y. Clinicopathological factors related to regrowth of vestibular schwannoma after incomplete resection. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(5):1224\u20131231."},{"issue":"6","key":"b18","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"568","article-title":"Residual tumor after vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"127","author":"Hahn CH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hahn CH, Stangerup SE, Caye-Thomasen P. Residual tumor after vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Laryngol Otol. 2013;127(6):568\u2013573."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"319","article-title":"Growth patterns of residual tumor in preoperatively growing vestibular schwannomas","volume":"79","author":"Kasbekar AV","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kasbekar AV, Adan GH, Beacall A, Youssef AM, Gilkes CE, Lesser TH. Growth patterns of residual tumor in preoperatively growing vestibular schwannomas. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2018;79(4):319\u2013324."},{"issue":"8","key":"b20","series-title":"Otol Neurotol","first-page":"950","article-title":"Predicting extent of microsurgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma","volume":"43","author":"Macielak RJ","year":"2022","unstructured":"Macielak RJ, Lohse CM, Wallerius KP,  Predicting extent of microsurgical resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma. Otol Neurotol. 2022;43(8):950\u2013955."},{"issue":"4","key":"b21","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Long-term risk of recurrence and regrowth after gross-total and subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma","volume":"133","author":"Nakatomi H","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nakatomi H, Jacob JT, Carlson ML,  Long-term risk of recurrence and regrowth after gross-total and subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannoma. J Neurosurg. 2017;133(4):1052\u20131058."},{"issue":"1","key":"b22","series-title":"Clin Otolaryngol","first-page":"92","article-title":"The behaviour of residual tumor after the intentional incomplete excision of a vestibular schwannoma: is it such a bad thing to leave some behind?","volume":"42","author":"Syed MI","year":"2017","unstructured":"Syed MI, Wolf A, Ilan O,  The behaviour of residual tumor after the intentional incomplete excision of a vestibular schwannoma: is it such a bad thing to leave some behind? Clin Otolaryngol. 2017;42(1):92\u201397."},{"issue":"2","key":"b23","series-title":"J Neurol Surg B Skull Base","first-page":"117","article-title":"Volumetric measurement of vestibular schwannoma tumor growth following partial resection: predictors for recurrence","volume":"73","author":"Vakilian S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vakilian S, Souhami L, Melan\u00e7on D, Zeitouni A. Volumetric measurement of vestibular schwannoma tumor growth following partial resection: predictors for recurrence. J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2012;73(2):117\u2013120."},{"issue":"4","key":"b24","series-title":"Children (Basel)","first-page":"490","article-title":"Management of sporadic vestibular schwannomas in children\u2014volumetric analysis and clinical outcome assessment","volume":"9","author":"Zipfel J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zipfel J, Gorbachuk M, Gugel I, Tatagiba M, Schuhmann MU. Management of sporadic vestibular schwannomas in children\u2014volumetric analysis and clinical outcome assessment. Children (Basel). 2022;9(4):490."},{"issue":"3","key":"b25","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Facial nerve outcomes after surgery for large vestibular schwannomas: do surgical approach and extent of resection matter?","volume":"33","author":"Gurgel RK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gurgel RK, Dogru S, Amdur RL, Monfared A. Facial nerve outcomes after surgery for large vestibular schwannomas: do surgical approach and extent of resection matter? Neurosurg Focus. 2012;33(3):E16."},{"issue":"7","key":"b26","series-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl","first-page":"13","article-title":"Preplanned partial surgical removal followed by low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas","volume":"128","author":"Iwai Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Iwai Y, Ishibashi K, Yamanaka K. Preplanned partial surgical removal followed by low-dose Gamma Knife radiosurgery for large vestibular schwannomas. Acta Neurochir Suppl. 2021;128(7):13."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"11","article-title":"Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas): surgical management and results with an emphasis on complications and how to avoid them","volume":"40","author":"Samii M","year":"1997","unstructured":"Samii M, Matthies C. Management of 1000 vestibular schwannomas (acoustic neuromas): surgical management and results with an emphasis on complications and how to avoid them. Neurosurgery. 1997;40(1):11\u201323."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"1","article-title":"Growth rate of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"32","author":"Paldor I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Paldor I, Chen AS, Kaye AH. Growth rate of vestibular schwannoma. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;32:1\u20138."},{"issue":"1","key":"b3","first-page":"59","article-title":"Should initial surveillance of vestibular schwannoma be abandoned? Skull Base","volume":"21","author":"Eljamel S","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eljamel S, Hussain M, Eljamel MS. Should initial surveillance of vestibular schwannoma be abandoned? Skull Base. 2011;21(1):59\u201364."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Neuro Oncol","first-page":"31","article-title":"EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"22","author":"Goldbrunner R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goldbrunner R, Weller M, Regis J,  EANO guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of vestibular schwannoma. Neuro Oncol. 2020;22(1):31\u201345."},{"issue":"3","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E8","article-title":"The newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma: radiosurgery, resection, or observation?","volume":"33","author":"Kondziolka D","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kondziolka D, Mousavi SH, Kano H, Flickinger JC, Lunsford LD. The newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma: radiosurgery, resection, or observation? Neurosurg Focus. 2012;33(3):E8."},{"issue":"2","key":"b6","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"E49","article-title":"Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of radiosurgery and radiation therapy in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas","volume":"82","author":"Germano IM","year":"2018","unstructured":"Germano IM, Sheehan J, Parish J,  Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guidelines on the role of radiosurgery and radiation therapy in the management of patients with vestibular schwannomas. Neurosurgery. 2018;82(2):E49\u2013E51."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1013","article-title":"Stereotactic radiosurgery vs. fractionated radiotherapy for tumor control in vestibular schwannoma patients: a systematic review","volume":"159","author":"Persson O","year":"2017","unstructured":"Persson O, Bartek J, Shalom NB, Wangerid T, Jakola AS, F\u00f6rander P. Stereotactic radiosurgery vs. fractionated radiotherapy for tumor control in vestibular schwannoma patients: a systematic review. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2017;159(6):1013\u20131021."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"410","article-title":"Residual tumor volume and location predict progression after primary subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a retrospective volumetric study","volume":"86","author":"Breshears JD","year":"2020","unstructured":"Breshears JD, Morshed RA, Molinaro AM, McDermott MW, Cheung SW, Theodosopoulos PV. Residual tumor volume and location predict progression after primary subtotal resection of sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a retrospective volumetric study. Neurosurgery. 2020;86(3):410\u2013416."},{"issue":"2","key":"b9","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"281","article-title":"Factors associated with preservation of facial nerve function after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"102","author":"Bloch O","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bloch O, Sughrue ME, Kaur R,  Factors associated with preservation of facial nerve function after surgical resection of vestibular schwannoma. J Neurooncol. 2011;102(2):281\u2013286."},{"issue":"8","key":"b10","series-title":"Laryngoscope","first-page":"1877","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of tumor control following subtotal and near-total resection of vestibular schwannoma","volume":"126","author":"Jacob JT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jacob JT, Carlson ML, Driscoll CL, Link MJ. Volumetric analysis of tumor control following subtotal and near-total resection of vestibular schwannoma. Laryngoscope. 2016;126(8):1877\u20131882."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"778590","article-title":"Risk factors for progression in vestibular schwannomas after incomplete resection: a single center retrospective study","volume":"12","author":"Li J","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li J, Deng X, Ke D, Cheng J, Zhang S, Hui X. Risk factors for progression in vestibular schwannomas after incomplete resection: a single center retrospective study. Front Neurol. 2021;12:778590."},{"issue":"1","key":"b12","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"4665","article-title":"The behavior of residual tumors following incomplete surgical resection for vestibular schwannomas","volume":"11","author":"Park HH","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park HH, Park SH, Oh HC,  The behavior of residual tumors following incomplete surgical resection for vestibular schwannomas. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):4665."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery","volume":"114","author":"Sughrue ME","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sughrue ME, Kaur R, Rutkowski MJ,  Extent of resection and the long-term durability of vestibular schwannoma surgery. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(5):1218\u20131223."},{"issue":"6","key":"b14","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1278","article-title":"The behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas","volume":"120","author":"Chen Z","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen Z, Prasad SC, Di Lella F,  The behavior of residual tumors and facial nerve outcomes after incomplete excision of vestibular schwannomas. J Neurosurg. 2014;120(6):1278\u20131287."},{"issue":"1","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"135","article-title":"Evaluating growth trends of residual sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"159","author":"Egiz A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Egiz A, Nautiyal H, Alalade AF, Gurusinghe N, Roberts G. Evaluating growth trends of residual sporadic vestibular schwannomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2022;159(1):135\u2013150."},{"key":"b16","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"105769","article-title":"Exclusive surgical treatment for vestibular schwannoma regrowth or recurrence: a meta-analysis of the literature","volume":"193","author":"Fabbris C","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fabbris C, Gazzini L, Paltrinieri D, Marchioni D. Exclusive surgical treatment for vestibular schwannoma regrowth or recurrence: a meta-analysis of the literature. 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