{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T20:02:48Z","timestamp":1772827368152,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined the extent to which preoperative depression predicts dysphagia after cervical spine surgery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospectively collected multi-institutional quality registry was retrospectively reviewed. Patients undergoing cervical surgery were categorized based on preoperative depression, and correlations with pre- and postoperative Eating Assessment Tool-10 (EAT-10) dysphagia questionnaire scores were assessed. Mixed-effects logistic regressions were performed to assess the impact of preoperative depression on the incidence of dysphagia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 2002 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 524 (26%) reported having preoperative depression. Depression was associated with a higher incidence of dysphagia at baseline (25% vs 12%, p &lt; 0.001) and at 1 (62% vs 54%, p = 0.038), 3 (36% vs 26%, p &lt; 0.001), and 12 months (36% vs 22%, p &lt; 0.001) postoperatively. Including baseline dysphagia as a fixed effect, multivariable analysis revealed that depression is not a significant independent predictor of postoperative dysphagia at 1 (OR 1.14, p = 0.5), 3 (OR 1.09, p = 0.6), or 12 months (OR 1.27, p = 0.2). Patients with depression and no baseline dysphagia (395 of 524) were significantly more likely to report new dysphagia at 12 months (26% vs 18%, p = 0.006), but not at 1 (53% vs 52%, p = 0.7) or 3 months (28% vs 22%, p = 0.06). The average change in EAT-10 scores between baseline and 12 months was significantly worse in patients with preoperative depression and no baseline dysphagia (2.552 [SD 5.041] vs 1.634 [SD 4.095], p &lt; 0.001). Post hoc multivariable analyses excluding those with baseline dysphagia did not significantly affect the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although patients with preoperative depression report dysphagia more often at baseline and at 1, 3, and 12 months after cervical surgery, preoperative depression is not an independent predictor of postoperative dysphagia. Preoperative depression may be valuable to consider as a risk factor for developing dysphagia after cervical surgery, but the heightened dysphagia risk in patients with depression may be attributed to secondary factors associated with depression such as comorbid conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.6.spine25342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T20:52:10Z","timestamp":1763412730000},"page":"18-29","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of preoperative depression on postoperative dysphagia following cervical spine surgery"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Nicholas P.","family":"Tippins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Foreit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincent J.","family":"Alentado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Porche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee Health Science Center & Semmes Murphey Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Carmel, Indiana;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)","first-page":"886","article-title":"Management of degenerative cervical myelopathy \u2013 an update","volume":"62","author":"Joaquim AF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H, Hsu WK, Patel AA. Management of degenerative cervical myelopathy \u2013 an update. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2016;62(9):886\u2013894."},{"issue":"15","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E906","article-title":"Trends in utilization and cost of cervical spine surgery using the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2001 to 2013","volume":"42","author":"Liu CY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu CY, Zygourakis CC, Yoon S,  Trends in utilization and cost of cervical spine surgery using the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2001 to 2013. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(15):E906\u2013E913."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e175","article-title":"Predicting trends in cervical spinal surgery in the United States from 2020 to 2040","volume":"141","author":"Neifert SN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neifert SN, Martini ML, Yuk F,  Predicting trends in cervical spinal surgery in the United States from 2020 to 2040. World Neurosurg. 2020;141:e175\u2013e181."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"658","article-title":"What is the incidence and severity of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery?","volume":"469","author":"Rihn JA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rihn JA, Kane J, Albert TJ, Vaccaro AR, Hilibrand AS. What is the incidence and severity of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(3):658-665."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e26888","article-title":"Dysphagia as a postoperative complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"14(7)","author":"Tsalimas G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsalimas G, Evangelopoulos DS, Benetos IS, Pneumaticos S. Dysphagia as a postoperative complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26888."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Dysphagia rates in single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Oh LJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oh LJ, Ong S, Ghozy S,  Dysphagia rates in single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery: a meta-analysis. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(3):581-590."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"155","article-title":"Predicting the occurrence of complications following corrective cervical deformity surgery: analysis of a prospective multicenter database using predictive analytics","volume":"59","author":"Passias PG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Passias PG, Oh C, Horn SR,  Predicting the occurrence of complications following corrective cervical deformity surgery: analysis of a prospective multicenter database using predictive analytics. J Clin Neurosci. 2019;59:155\u2013161."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"983","article-title":"Dysphagia may attenuate improvements in postoperative outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"16","author":"Cha EDK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Ahn J,  Dysphagia may attenuate improvements in postoperative outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Int J Spine Surg. 2022;16(6):983-990."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Dis Esophagus","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Patel DA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel DA, Krishnaswami S, Steger E,  Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States. Dis Esophagus. 2018;31(1):1-7."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"382","article-title":"Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures","volume":"38","author":"Alentado VJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alentado VJ, Bisson EF, Potts EA. Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2023;38(3):382-388."},{"issue":"12","key":"b11","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"919","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10)","volume":"117","author":"Belafsky PC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belafsky PC, Mouadeb DA, Rees CJ,  Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117(12):919-924."},{"issue":"8","key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1694","article-title":"The association between psychiatric factors and the development of chronic dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"23","author":"Kang SS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang SS, Lee JS, Shin JK, Lee JM, Youn BH. The association between psychiatric factors and the development of chronic dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Eur Spine J. 2014;23(8):1694-1698."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"767","article-title":"Preoperative diagnosis of mental health disorder and dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"40","author":"Zavras AG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zavras AG, Vucicevic RS, Federico VP,  Preoperative diagnosis of mental health disorder and dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery. 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Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):13415."},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"3035","article-title":"The impact of mental health on outcome after anterior cervical discectomy: cohort study assessing the influence of mental health using predictive modelling","volume":"164","author":"Goedmakers CMW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goedmakers CMW, van Beelen I, Komen F,  The impact of mental health on outcome after anterior cervical discectomy: cohort study assessing the influence of mental health using predictive modelling. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2022;164(11):3035\u20133046."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The effect of preoperative mental health status on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"16","author":"Colantonio DF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colantonio DF, Nassr A, Freedman BA,  The effect of preoperative mental health status on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Int J Spine Surg. 2022;16(2):233\u2013239."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b17","series-title":"Brain Struct Funct","first-page":"451","article-title":"Interoception in anxiety and depression","volume":"214","author":"Paulus MP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paulus MP, Stein MB. Interoception in anxiety and depression. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):451\u2013463."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Dysphagia","author":"Azer SA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azer SA, Kanugula AK, Kshirsagar RK. Dysphagia. 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Springer International Publishing;2020:1-22."},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"977","article-title":"Assessing the performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs programme","volume":"23","author":"Feng Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng Y, Parkin D, Devlin NJ. Assessing the performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs programme. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(3):977\u2013989."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"687","article-title":"Normative score and cut-off value of the Neck Disability Index","volume":"17","author":"Kato S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kato S, Takeshita K, Matsudaira K, Tonosu J, Hara N, Chikuda H. Normative score and cut-off value of the Neck Disability Index. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(6):687\u2013693."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Kopjar B, Nouri A,  The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(1):78-84."},{"issue":"9","key":"b1","series-title":"Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)","first-page":"886","article-title":"Management of degenerative cervical myelopathy \u2013 an update","volume":"62","author":"Joaquim AF","year":"2016","unstructured":"Joaquim AF, Ghizoni E, Tedeschi H, Hsu WK, Patel AA. Management of degenerative cervical myelopathy \u2013 an update. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2016;62(9):886\u2013894."},{"issue":"15","key":"b2","series-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)","first-page":"E906","article-title":"Trends in utilization and cost of cervical spine surgery using the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2001 to 2013","volume":"42","author":"Liu CY","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu CY, Zygourakis CC, Yoon S,  Trends in utilization and cost of cervical spine surgery using the National Inpatient Sample Database, 2001 to 2013. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2017;42(15):E906\u2013E913."},{"key":"b3","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e175","article-title":"Predicting trends in cervical spinal surgery in the United States from 2020 to 2040","volume":"141","author":"Neifert SN","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neifert SN, Martini ML, Yuk F,  Predicting trends in cervical spinal surgery in the United States from 2020 to 2040. World Neurosurg. 2020;141:e175\u2013e181."},{"issue":"3","key":"b4","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"658","article-title":"What is the incidence and severity of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery?","volume":"469","author":"Rihn JA","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rihn JA, Kane J, Albert TJ, Vaccaro AR, Hilibrand AS. What is the incidence and severity of dysphagia after anterior cervical surgery? Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011;469(3):658-665."},{"key":"b5","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e26888","article-title":"Dysphagia as a postoperative complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"14(7)","author":"Tsalimas G","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tsalimas G, Evangelopoulos DS, Benetos IS, Pneumaticos S. Dysphagia as a postoperative complication of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Cureus. 2022;14(7):e26888."},{"issue":"3","key":"b6","series-title":"J Spine Surg","first-page":"581","article-title":"Dysphagia rates in single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery: a meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Oh LJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Oh LJ, Ong S, Ghozy S,  Dysphagia rates in single- and multiple-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion surgery: a meta-analysis. J Spine Surg. 2020;6(3):581-590."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"155","article-title":"Predicting the occurrence of complications following corrective cervical deformity surgery: analysis of a prospective multicenter database using predictive analytics","volume":"59","author":"Passias PG","year":"2019","unstructured":"Passias PG, Oh C, Horn SR,  Predicting the occurrence of complications following corrective cervical deformity surgery: analysis of a prospective multicenter database using predictive analytics. J Clin Neurosci. 2019;59:155\u2013161."},{"issue":"6","key":"b8","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"983","article-title":"Dysphagia may attenuate improvements in postoperative outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"16","author":"Cha EDK","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cha EDK, Lynch CP, Ahn J,  Dysphagia may attenuate improvements in postoperative outcomes following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Int J Spine Surg. 2022;16(6):983-990."},{"issue":"1","key":"b9","series-title":"Dis Esophagus","first-page":"1","article-title":"Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States","volume":"31","author":"Patel DA","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel DA, Krishnaswami S, Steger E,  Economic and survival burden of dysphagia among inpatients in the United States. Dis Esophagus. 2018;31(1):1-7."},{"issue":"3","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"382","article-title":"Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures","volume":"38","author":"Alentado VJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alentado VJ, Bisson EF, Potts EA. Dysphagia after cervical spine surgery: a review of risk factors and preventative measures. J Neurosurg Spine. 2023;38(3):382-388."},{"issue":"12","key":"b11","series-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol","first-page":"919","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10)","volume":"117","author":"Belafsky PC","year":"2008","unstructured":"Belafsky PC, Mouadeb DA, Rees CJ,  Validity and reliability of the Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10). Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2008;117(12):919-924."},{"issue":"8","key":"b12","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"1694","article-title":"The association between psychiatric factors and the development of chronic dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"23","author":"Kang SS","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kang SS, Lee JS, Shin JK, Lee JM, Youn BH. The association between psychiatric factors and the development of chronic dysphagia after anterior cervical spine surgery. Eur Spine J. 2014;23(8):1694-1698."},{"issue":"6","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"767","article-title":"Preoperative diagnosis of mental health disorder and dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery","volume":"40","author":"Zavras AG","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zavras AG, Vucicevic RS, Federico VP,  Preoperative diagnosis of mental health disorder and dysphagia following anterior cervical spine surgery. J Neurosurg Spine. 2024;40(6):767-772."},{"issue":"1","key":"b14","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"13415","article-title":"Psychological predictors of quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical spine disease","volume":"10","author":"Wagner A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wagner A, Shiban Y, Zeller L,  Psychological predictors of quality of life after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for degenerative cervical spine disease. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):13415."},{"issue":"11","key":"b15","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"3035","article-title":"The impact of mental health on outcome after anterior cervical discectomy: cohort study assessing the influence of mental health using predictive modelling","volume":"164","author":"Goedmakers CMW","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goedmakers CMW, van Beelen I, Komen F,  The impact of mental health on outcome after anterior cervical discectomy: cohort study assessing the influence of mental health using predictive modelling. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2022;164(11):3035\u20133046."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Int J Spine Surg","first-page":"233","article-title":"The effect of preoperative mental health status on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion","volume":"16","author":"Colantonio DF","year":"2022","unstructured":"Colantonio DF, Nassr A, Freedman BA,  The effect of preoperative mental health status on outcomes after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Int J Spine Surg. 2022;16(2):233\u2013239."},{"issue":"5-6","key":"b17","series-title":"Brain Struct Funct","first-page":"451","article-title":"Interoception in anxiety and depression","volume":"214","author":"Paulus MP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paulus MP, Stein MB. Interoception in anxiety and depression. Brain Struct Funct. 2010;214(5-6):451\u2013463."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Dysphagia","author":"Azer SA","year":"2024","unstructured":"Azer SA, Kanugula AK, Kshirsagar RK. Dysphagia. In: StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing ;2024.Accessed July 18, 2025. http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559174\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"J Neurosurg Spine","first-page":"227","article-title":"Validation of the visual analog scale in the cervical spine","volume":"28","author":"MacDowall A","year":"2018","unstructured":"MacDowall A, Skeppholm M, Robinson Y, Olerud C. Validation of the visual analog scale in the cervical spine. J Neurosurg Spine. 2018;28(3):227-235."},{"key":"b20","series-title":"Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data","first-page":"1","article-title":"An introduction to EQ-5D instruments and their applications","author":"Devlin N","year":"2020","unstructured":"Devlin N, Parkin D, Janssen B. An introduction to EQ-5D instruments and their applications. In: Methods for Analysing and Reporting EQ-5D Data. Springer International Publishing;2020:1-22."},{"issue":"3","key":"b21","series-title":"Qual Life Res","first-page":"977","article-title":"Assessing the performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs programme","volume":"23","author":"Feng Y","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feng Y, Parkin D, Devlin NJ. Assessing the performance of the EQ-VAS in the NHS PROMs programme. Qual Life Res. 2014;23(3):977\u2013989."},{"issue":"6","key":"b22","series-title":"J Orthop Sci","first-page":"687","article-title":"Normative score and cut-off value of the Neck Disability Index","volume":"17","author":"Kato S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kato S, Takeshita K, Matsudaira K, Tonosu J, Hara N, Chikuda H. Normative score and cut-off value of the Neck Disability Index. J Orthop Sci. 2012;17(6):687\u2013693."},{"issue":"1","key":"b23","series-title":"Eur Spine J","first-page":"78","article-title":"The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy","volume":"26","author":"Tetreault L","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tetreault L, Kopjar B, Nouri A,  The modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association scale: establishing criteria for mild, moderate and severe impairment in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy. Eur Spine J. 2017;26(1):78-84."}],"container-title":["Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/44\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/44\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/44\/1\/article-p18.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:45:00Z","timestamp":1772804700000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/thejns.org\/view\/journals\/j-neurosurg-spine\/44\/1\/article-p18.xml"}},"subtitle":["Presented at the 2025 AANS\/CNS Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2025.6.spine25342","relation":{},"ISSN":["1547-5654"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1547-5654","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]}}}