{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:01:51Z","timestamp":1780131711667,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n To date, there is no consensus on treatment indications for chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) in patients in their 10th decade of life. The present investigation aims to focus on and carefully evaluate the clinical course of this particularly fragile subgroup of patients.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors retrospectively analyzed the clinical, radiological, and surgical records from a multicentric prospectively maintained database of patients with CSDH surgically treated between June 2005 and August 2021. Patients included in the study were divided into two subgroups: group A, those whose age was < 90 years; and group B, those whose age was \u2265 90 years. The following variables were recorded for each patient: age, sex, clinical disease onset, history of traumatic brain injury, antiplatelet or anticoagulant use, and pre- and\/or postoperative corticosteroid medication intake. The surgical approach and whether a surgical drain had been left in the subdural space were recorded, as was the anesthesia protocol. Clinical results were measured using the Markwalder Grading Scale. Recurrence and mortality were analyzed separately.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The final cohort comprised 1312 patients who had undergone surgery for CSDH, 1240 patients whose age was < 90 years and 72 patients whose age was \u2265 90. Patients in their 10th decade of life experienced similar or even better clinical outcomes than their younger counterparts. In particular, the pre-postoperative variation in Markwalder grades was favorable in elderly patients (p = 0.006). Multivariate analyses confirmed that local anesthesia (p = 0.013), single-sided CSDH (p = 0.010), and no antiplatelet or anticoagulant intake (p = 0.004 and p = 0.037, respectively) are independent predictors of favorable outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n Patients in their 10th decade can experience clinical and radiological outcomes similar to those in their younger counterparts. Such patients could be eligible for standard minimally invasive treatments.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.7.focus25500","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:12:37Z","timestamp":1759317157000},"page":"E12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chronic subdural hematoma: clinical and surgical experience with surgical management in a large cohort of patients in the late and frailest phase of life"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Pesce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Policlinico \"Tor Vergata,\" University of Rome \"Tor Vergata,\" Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Armocida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \"Rita Levi Montalcini,\" Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Cofano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \"Rita Levi Montalcini,\" Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandro","family":"Paccapelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Bologna;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Novegno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Policlinico \"Tor Vergata,\" University of Rome \"Tor Vergata,\" Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Ius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Padua;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Di Perna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Policlinico di Foggia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Colamaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Policlinico di Foggia; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Garbossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience \"Rita Levi Montalcini,\" Neurosurgery Unit, University of Turin;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Policlinico \"Umberto I,\" Human Neurosciences Department, University of Rome \"Sapienza,\" Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Salvati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Policlinico \"Tor Vergata,\" University of Rome \"Tor Vergata,\" Rome;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Frati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Policlinico \"Umberto I,\" Human Neurosciences Department, University of Rome \"Sapienza,\" Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Palmieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, A.O.U. Policlinico \"Umberto I,\" Human Neurosciences Department, University of Rome \"Sapienza,\" Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"205","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history","volume":"28","author":"Yang W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang W, Huang J. Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):205-210."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"247","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"32","author":"Foelholm R","year":"1975","unstructured":"Foelholm R, Waltimo O. Epidemiology of chronic subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1975;32(3-4):247-250."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"J R Soc Med","first-page":"290","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly\u2014a North Wales experience","volume":"95","author":"Asghar M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Asghar M, Adhiyaman V, Greenway MW, Bhowmick BK, Bates A. Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly\u2014a North Wales experience. J R Soc Med. 2002;95(6):290-292."},{"issue":"9","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma\u2014incidence, complications, and financial impact","volume":"162","author":"Rauhala M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauhala M, Hel\u00e9n P, Huhtala H, Chronic subdural hematoma\u2014incidence, complications, and financial impact. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(9):2033\u20132043."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1147","article-title":"The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population","volume":"132","author":"Rauhala M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauhala M, Luoto TM, Huhtala H, The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1147-1157."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e792","article-title":"Resumption of antithrombotic agents in chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Phan K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phan K, Abi-Hanna D, Kerferd J, Resumption of antithrombotic agents in chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:e792\u2013e799."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neuroinflammation","first-page":"108","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Edlmann E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edlmann E, Giorgi-Coll S, Whitfield PC, Carpenter KL, Hutchinson PJ. Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):108\u2013113."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"24","article-title":"Inflammation markers and risk factors for recurrence in 35 patients with a posttraumatic chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study","volume":"100","author":"Frati A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frati A, Salvati M, Mainiero F, Inflammation markers and risk factors for recurrence in 35 patients with a posttraumatic chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study. J Neurosurg. 2004;100(1):24-32."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"402","article-title":"Pathophysiology and nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: from past to present to future","volume":"116","author":"Holl DC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holl DC, Volovici V, Dirven CMF, Pathophysiology and nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: from past to present to future. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:402\u2013411.e2."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma with preexisting comorbidities causing disturbed consciousness","volume":"126","author":"Abe Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abe Y, Maruyama K, Yokoya S, Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma with preexisting comorbidities causing disturbed consciousness. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(4):1042-1046."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease","volume":"114","author":"Miranda LB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miranda LB, Braxton E, Hobbs J, Quigley MR. Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):72-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: endovascular technique and radiographic findings","volume":"24","author":"Link TW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Link TW, Rapoport BI, Paine SM, Kamel H, Knopman J. Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: endovascular technique and radiographic findings. Interv Neuroradiol. 2018;24(4):455\u2013462."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"560269","article-title":"Risk of recurrence of chronic subdural hematomas after surgery: a multicenter observational cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Cofano F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cofano F, Pesce A, Vercelli G, Risk of recurrence of chronic subdural hematomas after surgery: a multicenter observational cohort study. Front Neurol. 2020;11:560269."},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"449","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients","volume":"259","author":"Almenawer SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almenawer SA, Farrokhyar F, Hong C, Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;259(3):449-457."},{"issue":"8","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"402","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients: is this disease benign?","volume":"57","author":"Uno M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uno M, Toi H, Hirai S. Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients: is this disease benign? Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2017;57(8):402\u2013409."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"228","article-title":"Change in hematoma size after dexamethasone therapy in chronic subdural hematoma subtypes: a prospective study in symptomatic patients","volume":"40","author":"Miah IP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miah IP, Blanter A, Tank Y, Change in hematoma size after dexamethasone therapy in chronic subdural hematoma subtypes: a prospective study in symptomatic patients. J Neurotrauma. 2023;40(3-4):228\u2013239."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"123","article-title":"Clinical outcome of patients over 90 years of age treated for chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"65","author":"Dobran M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dobran M, Marini A, Nasi D, Clinical outcome of patients over 90 years of age treated for chronic subdural hematoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2022;65(1):123\u2013129."},{"issue":"8","key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"823","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoagulation or anti-thrombotic therapy","volume":"13","author":"Rust T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rust T, Kiemer N, Erasmus A. Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoagulation or anti-thrombotic therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(8):823-827."},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"J Clin Med Res","first-page":"379","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 90 years old in a super-aged society","volume":"6","author":"Tabuchi S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tabuchi S, Kadowaki M. Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 90 years old in a super-aged society. J Clin Med Res. 2014;6(5):379-383."},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"243","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma patients aged 90 years and older","volume":"35","author":"Stippler M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stippler M, Ramirez P, Berti A, Macindoe C, Villalobos N, Murray-Krezan C. Chronic subdural hematoma patients aged 90 years and older. Neurol Res. 2013;35(3):243-246."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"609","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence and complications after chronic subdural hematoma surgery: a population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Bartek J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bartek J, Sj\u00e5vik K, Kristiansson H, Predictors of recurrence and complications after chronic subdural hematoma surgery: a population-based study. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:609\u2013614."},{"issue":"3","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"390","article-title":"The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage","volume":"55","author":"Markwalder TM","year":"1981","unstructured":"Markwalder TM, Steinsiepe KF, Rohner M, Reichenbach W, Markwalder H. The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage. J Neurosurg. 1981;55(3):390\u2013396."},{"issue":"2","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"205","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history","volume":"28","author":"Yang W","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang W, Huang J. Chronic subdural hematoma: epidemiology and natural history. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017;28(2):205-210."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b2","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"247","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic subdural haematoma","volume":"32","author":"Foelholm R","year":"1975","unstructured":"Foelholm R, Waltimo O. Epidemiology of chronic subdural haematoma. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 1975;32(3-4):247-250."},{"issue":"6","key":"b3","series-title":"J R Soc Med","first-page":"290","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly\u2014a North Wales experience","volume":"95","author":"Asghar M","year":"2002","unstructured":"Asghar M, Adhiyaman V, Greenway MW, Bhowmick BK, Bates A. Chronic subdural haematoma in the elderly\u2014a North Wales experience. J R Soc Med. 2002;95(6):290-292."},{"issue":"9","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"2033","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma\u2014incidence, complications, and financial impact","volume":"162","author":"Rauhala M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauhala M, Hel\u00e9n P, Huhtala H, Chronic subdural hematoma\u2014incidence, complications, and financial impact. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2020;162(9):2033\u20132043."},{"issue":"4","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1147","article-title":"The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population","volume":"132","author":"Rauhala M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rauhala M, Luoto TM, Huhtala H, The incidence of chronic subdural hematomas from 1990 to 2015 in a defined Finnish population. J Neurosurg. 2020;132(4):1147-1157."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e792","article-title":"Resumption of antithrombotic agents in chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"109","author":"Phan K","year":"2018","unstructured":"Phan K, Abi-Hanna D, Kerferd J, Resumption of antithrombotic agents in chronic subdural hematoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World Neurosurg. 2018;109:e792\u2013e799."},{"issue":"1","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neuroinflammation","first-page":"108","article-title":"Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy","volume":"14","author":"Edlmann E","year":"2017","unstructured":"Edlmann E, Giorgi-Coll S, Whitfield PC, Carpenter KL, Hutchinson PJ. Pathophysiology of chronic subdural haematoma: inflammation, angiogenesis and implications for pharmacotherapy. J Neuroinflammation. 2017;14(1):108\u2013113."},{"issue":"1","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"24","article-title":"Inflammation markers and risk factors for recurrence in 35 patients with a posttraumatic chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study","volume":"100","author":"Frati A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Frati A, Salvati M, Mainiero F, Inflammation markers and risk factors for recurrence in 35 patients with a posttraumatic chronic subdural hematoma: a prospective study. J Neurosurg. 2004;100(1):24-32."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"402","article-title":"Pathophysiology and nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: from past to present to future","volume":"116","author":"Holl DC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Holl DC, Volovici V, Dirven CMF, Pathophysiology and nonsurgical treatment of chronic subdural hematoma: from past to present to future. World Neurosurg. 2018;116:402\u2013411.e2."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1042","article-title":"Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma with preexisting comorbidities causing disturbed consciousness","volume":"126","author":"Abe Y","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abe Y, Maruyama K, Yokoya S, Outcomes of chronic subdural hematoma with preexisting comorbidities causing disturbed consciousness. J Neurosurg. 2017;126(4):1042-1046."},{"issue":"1","key":"b11","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"72","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease","volume":"114","author":"Miranda LB","year":"2011","unstructured":"Miranda LB, Braxton E, Hobbs J, Quigley MR. Chronic subdural hematoma in the elderly: not a benign disease. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(1):72-76."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: endovascular technique and radiographic findings","volume":"24","author":"Link TW","year":"2018","unstructured":"Link TW, Rapoport BI, Paine SM, Kamel H, Knopman J. Middle meningeal artery embolization for chronic subdural hematoma: endovascular technique and radiographic findings. Interv Neuroradiol. 2018;24(4):455\u2013462."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"560269","article-title":"Risk of recurrence of chronic subdural hematomas after surgery: a multicenter observational cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Cofano F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cofano F, Pesce A, Vercelli G, Risk of recurrence of chronic subdural hematomas after surgery: a multicenter observational cohort study. Front Neurol. 2020;11:560269."},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"449","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients","volume":"259","author":"Almenawer SA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Almenawer SA, Farrokhyar F, Hong C, Chronic subdural hematoma management: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 34,829 patients. Ann Surg. 2014;259(3):449-457."},{"issue":"8","key":"b15","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"402","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients: is this disease benign?","volume":"57","author":"Uno M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Uno M, Toi H, Hirai S. Chronic subdural hematoma in elderly patients: is this disease benign? Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2017;57(8):402\u2013409."},{"issue":"3-4","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurotrauma","first-page":"228","article-title":"Change in hematoma size after dexamethasone therapy in chronic subdural hematoma subtypes: a prospective study in symptomatic patients","volume":"40","author":"Miah IP","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miah IP, Blanter A, Tank Y, Change in hematoma size after dexamethasone therapy in chronic subdural hematoma subtypes: a prospective study in symptomatic patients. J Neurotrauma. 2023;40(3-4):228\u2013239."},{"issue":"1","key":"b17","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"123","article-title":"Clinical outcome of patients over 90 years of age treated for chronic subdural hematoma","volume":"65","author":"Dobran M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dobran M, Marini A, Nasi D, Clinical outcome of patients over 90 years of age treated for chronic subdural hematoma. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2022;65(1):123\u2013129."},{"issue":"8","key":"b18","series-title":"J Clin Neurosci","first-page":"823","article-title":"Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoagulation or anti-thrombotic therapy","volume":"13","author":"Rust T","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rust T, Kiemer N, Erasmus A. Chronic subdural haematomas and anticoagulation or anti-thrombotic therapy. J Clin Neurosci. 2006;13(8):823-827."},{"issue":"5","key":"b19","series-title":"J Clin Med Res","first-page":"379","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 90 years old in a super-aged society","volume":"6","author":"Tabuchi S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tabuchi S, Kadowaki M. Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 90 years old in a super-aged society. J Clin Med Res. 2014;6(5):379-383."},{"issue":"3","key":"b20","series-title":"Neurol Res","first-page":"243","article-title":"Chronic subdural hematoma patients aged 90 years and older","volume":"35","author":"Stippler M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Stippler M, Ramirez P, Berti A, Macindoe C, Villalobos N, Murray-Krezan C. Chronic subdural hematoma patients aged 90 years and older. Neurol Res. 2013;35(3):243-246."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"609","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence and complications after chronic subdural hematoma surgery: a population-based study","volume":"106","author":"Bartek J","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bartek J, Sj\u00e5vik K, Kristiansson H, Predictors of recurrence and complications after chronic subdural hematoma surgery: a population-based study. World Neurosurg. 2017;106:609\u2013614."},{"issue":"3","key":"b22","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"390","article-title":"The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage","volume":"55","author":"Markwalder TM","year":"1981","unstructured":"Markwalder TM, Steinsiepe KF, Rohner M, Reichenbach W, Markwalder H. The course of chronic subdural hematomas after burr-hole craniostomy and closed-system drainage. 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