{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:01:47Z","timestamp":1780131707956,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization for chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) has ushered in a treatment paradigm shift. The objective of this study was to determine whether the superficial temporal artery (STA) could be used consistently and just as effectively compared to conventional femoral and radial artery access.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n The authors retrospectively reviewed a series of consecutive cases from January 1, 2024, to February 28, 2025, where the STA was used to treat cSDH. The 90-day readmission, retreatment, and death rates were collected and compared against a set of internal comparison cases that underwent similar treatment, though via femoral or radial artery puncture.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The study included 40 patients with STA retrograde (STAR) access and 50 patients who had traditional transfemoral or radial artery approaches. In the STA group, there was significantly reduced radiation exposure (p < 0.001) and less contrast administration (p < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups in terms of the 90-day readmission (p = 0.82), retreatment (p = 0.93), or death rates (p = 0.42). One access site complication was observed after a transfemoral intervention.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n STAR access is an alternative for MMA embolization in cSDH. This innovative approach can potentially rival the results achieved by traditional techniques.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.7.focus25539","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:12:29Z","timestamp":1759317149000},"page":"E11","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Superficial temporal artery retrograde access for the treatment of chronic subdural hematomas"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Akshal S.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yince","family":"Loh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke L.","family":"Jouppi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radwan","family":"Takroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Norvell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spectrum Research Inc., Steilacoom, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stepan","family":"Capek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Charleston Area Medical Center, Charleston, West Virginia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas M.","family":"Caffes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellspan York Hospital, York, Pennsylvania; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majid","family":"Aljoghaiman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"},{"name":"Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Gustin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aws A.","family":"Alawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zane A.","family":"Tymchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cameron G.","family":"McDougall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen J.","family":"Monteith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, Washington;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"1067","article-title":"Intraoperative cerebral angiography: superficial temporal artery method and results","volume":"53","author":"Lee MC","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee MC, Macdonald RL. Intraoperative cerebral angiography: superficial temporal artery method and results. Neurosurgery. 2003;53(5):1067-1075."},{"issue":"10","key":"b2","series-title":"Phase I study. Cancer","first-page":"2099","article-title":"A combination therapy of continuous superselective intraarterial carboplatin infusion and radiation therapy for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma","volume":"89","author":"Fuwa N","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fuwa N, Ito Y, Matsumoto A, A combination therapy of continuous superselective intraarterial carboplatin infusion and radiation therapy for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma. Phase I study. Cancer. 2000;89(10):2099\u20132105."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"493","article-title":"Direct puncture of the superficial temporal artery for ethylene vinyl alcohol embolization of a type 3 arteriovenous fistula with a dual lumen balloon","volume":"13","author":"Claren\u00e7on F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claren\u00e7on F, Shotar E, Pouvelle A, Direct puncture of the superficial temporal artery for ethylene vinyl alcohol embolization of a type 3 arteriovenous fistula with a dual lumen balloon. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021;13(5):493."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Vascular","first-page":"219","article-title":"Novel access technique facilitating carotid artery stenting","volume":"14","author":"Ivancev K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ivancev K, Resch T, Malina M. Novel access technique facilitating carotid artery stenting. Vascular. 2006;14(4):219\u2013222."},{"issue":"7","key":"b5","series-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)","first-page":"320","article-title":"New pull-through technique using the superficial temporal artery for transbrachial carotid artery stenting","volume":"49","author":"Mitsuhashi Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mitsuhashi Y, Nishio A, Kawakami T, New pull-through technique using the superficial temporal artery for transbrachial carotid artery stenting. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2009;49(7):320\u2013324."},{"key":"b6","series-title":"Interv Neuroradiol","article-title":"Direct superficial temporal artery access for middle meningeal artery embolization","author":"Qiao Y","unstructured":"Qiao Y, Zhang YJ, Tsappidi S, Mehta TI, Hui FK. Direct superficial temporal artery access for middle meningeal artery embolization. Interv Neuroradiol. 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N Engl J Med. 2025;392(9):855-864."},{"issue":"20","key":"b9","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1890","article-title":"Adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematoma","volume":"391","author":"Davies JM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davies JM, Knopman J, Mokin M, Adjunctive middle meningeal artery embolization for subdural hematoma. N Engl J Med. 2024;391(20):1890-1900."},{"issue":"20","key":"b10","series-title":"N Engl J Med","first-page":"1901","article-title":"Middle meningeal artery embolization for nonacute subdural hematoma","volume":"391","author":"Liu J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu J, Ni W, Zuo Q, Middle meningeal artery embolization for nonacute subdural hematoma. 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J Neurointerv Surg. 2020;12(6):611-615."},{"issue":"5","key":"b12","series-title":"Neuroradiology","first-page":"1105","article-title":"Transradial versus transfemoral access in diagnostic cerebral angiography: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and complications","volume":"67","author":"Hamouda AM","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamouda AM, El Gazar T, Ali MA, Transradial versus transfemoral access in diagnostic cerebral angiography: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes and complications. Neuroradiology. 2025;67(5):1105\u20131119."},{"issue":"3","key":"b13","series-title":"Surg Radiol Anat","first-page":"248","article-title":"Anatomy of the superficial temporal artery and its branches: its importance for surgery","volume":"28","author":"Pinar YA","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pinar YA, Govsa F. Anatomy of the superficial temporal artery and its branches: its importance for surgery. 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Cancer. 2000;89(10):2099\u20132105."},{"issue":"5","key":"b3","series-title":"J Neurointerv Surg","first-page":"493","article-title":"Direct puncture of the superficial temporal artery for ethylene vinyl alcohol embolization of a type 3 arteriovenous fistula with a dual lumen balloon","volume":"13","author":"Claren\u00e7on F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Claren\u00e7on F, Shotar E, Pouvelle A, Direct puncture of the superficial temporal artery for ethylene vinyl alcohol embolization of a type 3 arteriovenous fistula with a dual lumen balloon. J Neurointerv Surg. 2021;13(5):493."},{"issue":"4","key":"b4","series-title":"Vascular","first-page":"219","article-title":"Novel access technique facilitating carotid artery stenting","volume":"14","author":"Ivancev K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ivancev K, Resch T, Malina M. Novel access technique facilitating carotid artery stenting. 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