{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T15:29:27Z","timestamp":1772724567381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) was introduced in Europe and has since been widely adopted throughout the United States during the past decade. Given the short history of its use in the United States, most neurosurgeons have not received dedicated sEEG training during residency. Instead, the majority learn sEEG techniques and practices as faculty and attendings. Because of the positively reported safety and efficacy profile of sEEG, it is a valuable tool for discerning epileptogenic foci. However, there are no consensus statements regarding surgical techniques and common intra-\/perioperative practices. Here, the authors present the results of a survey of epilepsy neurosurgeons, providing data on current practices. They describe both comparable and contrasting results, indicative of a lack of standardized practice, and offer new insights not previously reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A digital survey with 49 questions was distributed to pediatric and adult epilepsy neurosurgeons via three different forums. The survey addressed multiple topics, including training; planning; techniques; perioperative use of antibiotics, steroids, and antiseizure medications (ASMs); and return-to-work or return-to-school protocols.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four epilepsy neurosurgeons completed the survey. Consistent with previous surveys, most respondents (67.4%) reported a total of 1\u201325 sEEG procedures conducted at their institution annually, with the majority (93.6%) using a robotic system for electrode placement. There is typically a 1- to 6-month waiting period between sEEG and therapeutic procedures, such as placement of a responsive neurostimulation device, laser ablation, or open resection (85.7%, 77.5%, and 73.3% of respondents, respectively). Eighty percent of respondents reported that post-sEEG asymptomatic hemorrhage occurs 25% or less of the time, and 80% reported that post-sEEG infection never occurs, consistent with the literature. This survey is distinguished from others by reporting data on perioperative antibiotic, steroid, and ASM use, revealing substantial variability in antibiotic prescription schedules. Most respondents (77.3%) do not prescribe postoperative steroids, and 40% of respondents typically do not instruct patients to stop or decrease ASMs before admission (25% or less of the time). More than half of respondents (53.3%) reported instructing their patients to return to work or school between 1 week and 1 month post-procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stereo-EEG has seen a rapid increase in use during the past decade. However, widespread consensus surrounding techniques and practices is still lacking. This survey contributes new insights and data to the limited existing literature, enhancing understanding of important decision-making processes within the sEEG community.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.7.jns25760","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T01:47:06Z","timestamp":1763776026000},"page":"282-292","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Stereo-electroencephalography practices among pediatric and adult epilepsy surgeons: a survey study"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Francesca M.","family":"Cozzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Brain Tumour Imaging Laboratory, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke\u2019s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Markovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Nutley, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ariel","family":"Sacknovitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cameron","family":"Beaudreault","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia E.","family":"McGoldrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Maria Fareri Children\u2019s Hospital, Valhalla, New York;"},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Physicians, Hawthorne, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven M.","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Maria Fareri Children\u2019s Hospital, Valhalla, New York;"},{"name":"Boston Children\u2019s Hospital Physicians, Hawthorne, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Tomycz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Institute of New Jersey, Jersey City, New Jersey;"},{"name":"Sanzari Children\u2019s Hospital, Hackensack, New Jersey;"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of New Jersey at Newark Beth Israel, Newark, New Jersey; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie R.","family":"Muh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York;"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Maria Fareri Children\u2019s Hospital, Westchester Medical Center, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurophysiol Clin","first-page":"5","article-title":"French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)","volume":"48","author":"Isnard J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isnard J, Taussig D, Bartolomei F,  French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Neurophysiol Clin. 2018;48(1):5\u201313."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy, cognitive neurophysiology, and psychiatric disease: safety, efficacy, and place in therapy","volume":"15","author":"Youngerman BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youngerman BE, Khan FA, McKhann GM. Stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy, cognitive neurophysiology, and psychiatric disease: safety, efficacy, and place in therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1701\u20131716."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics","volume":"45","author":"Hachem LD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hachem LD, Wong SM, Ibrahim GM. The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(3):E2."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"42","article-title":"Remote modulation of network excitability during deep brain stimulation for epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Li DH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li DH, Yang XF. Remote modulation of network excitability during deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. Seizure. 2017;47:42\u201350."},{"issue":"9","key":"b5","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2662","article-title":"Investigating current clinical opinions in stereoelectroencephalography-informed epilepsy surgery","volume":"65","author":"Thomas J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas J, Abdallah C, Cai Z,  Investigating current clinical opinions in stereoelectroencephalography-informed epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia. 2024;65(9):2662\u20132672."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"474","article-title":"Stereotactic EEG practices: a survey of United States tertiary referral epilepsy centers","volume":"39","author":"Gavvala J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gavvala J, Zafar M, Sinha SR, Kalamangalam G, Schuele S. Stereotactic EEG practices: a survey of United States tertiary referral epilepsy centers. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;39(6):474\u2013480."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"212","article-title":"Variation in pediatric stereoelectroencephalography practice among pediatric neurosurgeons in the United States: survey results","volume":"28","author":"Kennedy BC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kennedy BC, Katz J, Lepard J, Blount JP. Variation in pediatric stereoelectroencephalography practice among pediatric neurosurgeons in the United States: survey results. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;28(2):212\u2013220."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Epilepsia Open","first-page":"1084","article-title":"An international survey of SEEG cortical stimulation practices","volume":"8","author":"Cockle E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cockle E, Rayner G, Malpas C,  An international survey of SEEG cortical stimulation practices. Epilepsia Open. 2023;8(3):1084\u20131095."},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"386","article-title":"Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications","volume":"57","author":"Mullin JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mullin JP, Shriver M, Alomar S,  Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications. Epilepsia. 2016;57(3):386\u2013401."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"43","article-title":"Invasive evaluation in children (SEEG vs subdural grids)","volume":"77","author":"Taussig D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taussig D, Chipaux M, Fohlen M,  Invasive evaluation in children (SEEG vs subdural grids). Seizure. 2020;77:43\u201351."},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in children: a review","volume":"45","author":"Ho AL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ho AL, Feng AY, Kim LH,  Stereoelectroencephalography in children: a review. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(3):E7."},{"issue":"11","key":"b12","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Outcome of surgery in children with focal cortical dysplasia younger than 5 years explored by stereo-electroencephalography","volume":"30","author":"Dorfm\u00fcller G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dorfm\u00fcller G, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Fohlen M,  Outcome of surgery in children with focal cortical dysplasia younger than 5 years explored by stereo-electroencephalography. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(11):1875\u20131883."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol","first-page":"e16","article-title":"Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a new pediatric technique to guide the surgery","volume":"21","author":"Chipaux M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chipaux M, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Fohlen M, Dorison N, Taussig D, Dorfmuller G. Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a new pediatric technique to guide the surgery. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017;21:e16\u2013e17."},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"280","article-title":"Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in 65 children: an effective and safe diagnostic method for pre-surgical diagnosis, independent of age","volume":"16","author":"Taussig D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taussig D, Chipaux M, Lebas A,  Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in 65 children: an effective and safe diagnostic method for pre-surgical diagnosis, independent of age. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(3):280\u2013295."},{"issue":"9","key":"b15","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Yan H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan H, Katz JS, Anderson M,  Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review. Epilepsia. 2019;60(9):1960\u20131972."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"253","article-title":"Placement of leads for stereotactic electroencephalography without the use of anchor bolts: technical note","volume":"27","author":"Karsonovich T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karsonovich T, Alexander A, Graber S, O\u2019Neill BR. Placement of leads for stereotactic electroencephalography without the use of anchor bolts: technical note. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;27(3):253\u2013258."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"590","article-title":"Clinical semiology of temporal lobe seizures in preschool children: contribution of invasive recording to anatomical classification","volume":"23","author":"Fohlen M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fohlen M, Taussig D, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Chipaux M, Dorfmuller G. Clinical semiology of temporal lobe seizures in preschool children: contribution of invasive recording to anatomical classification. Epileptic Disord. 2021;23(4):590\u2013610."},{"issue":"9","key":"b18","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Changes in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation","volume":"62","author":"Contento M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Contento M, Pizzo F, L\u00f3pez-Madrona VJ,  Changes in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation. Epilepsia. 2021;62(9):2048\u20132059."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"300","article-title":"Insular and insulo-opercular epilepsy in childhood: an SEEG study","volume":"23","author":"Dylgjeri S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dylgjeri S, Taussig D, Chipaux M,  Insular and insulo-opercular epilepsy in childhood: an SEEG study. Seizure. 2014;23(4):300\u2013308."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"376","article-title":"Electrocorticographic evidence of perituberal cortex epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"10","author":"Ma TS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma TS, Elliott RE, Ruppe V,  Electrocorticographic evidence of perituberal cortex epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;10(5):376\u2013382."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"965","article-title":"One-stage high-density focal stereo-array SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of pediatric giant hypothalamic hamartomas","volume":"11","author":"Wang M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhou Y, Zhang Y,  One-stage high-density focal stereo-array SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of pediatric giant hypothalamic hamartomas. Front Neurol. 2020;11:965."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e161","article-title":"Application of robot-assisted frameless stereoelectroencephalography based on multimodal image guidance in pediatric refractory epilepsy: experience of a pediatric center in a developing country","volume":"140","author":"Zhao R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao R, Xue P, Zhou Y,  Application of robot-assisted frameless stereoelectroencephalography based on multimodal image guidance in pediatric refractory epilepsy: experience of a pediatric center in a developing country. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:e161\u2013e168."},{"issue":"5","key":"b23","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of stereoelectroencephalography in young children","volume":"40","author":"Muh CR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muh CR, Dorilio JR, Beaudreault CP, McGoldrick PE, Pisapia JM, Wolf SM. Feasibility and safety of stereoelectroencephalography in young children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024;40(5):1331\u20131337."},{"issue":"9","key":"b24","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1942","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography electrode placement: detection of blood vessel conflicts","volume":"60","author":"Li K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li K, Vakharia VN, Sparks R,  Stereoelectroencephalography electrode placement: detection of blood vessel conflicts. Epilepsia. 2019;60(9):1942\u20131948."},{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurophysiol Clin","first-page":"5","article-title":"French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG)","volume":"48","author":"Isnard J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isnard J, Taussig D, Bartolomei F,  French guidelines on stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG). Neurophysiol Clin. 2018;48(1):5\u201313."},{"key":"b2","series-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat","first-page":"1701","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy, cognitive neurophysiology, and psychiatric disease: safety, efficacy, and place in therapy","volume":"15","author":"Youngerman BE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Youngerman BE, Khan FA, McKhann GM. Stereoelectroencephalography in epilepsy, cognitive neurophysiology, and psychiatric disease: safety, efficacy, and place in therapy. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2019;15:1701\u20131716."},{"issue":"3","key":"b3","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E2","article-title":"The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics","volume":"45","author":"Hachem LD","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hachem LD, Wong SM, Ibrahim GM. The vagus afferent network: emerging role in translational connectomics. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(3):E2."},{"key":"b4","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"42","article-title":"Remote modulation of network excitability during deep brain stimulation for epilepsy","volume":"47","author":"Li DH","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li DH, Yang XF. Remote modulation of network excitability during deep brain stimulation for epilepsy. Seizure. 2017;47:42\u201350."},{"issue":"9","key":"b5","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2662","article-title":"Investigating current clinical opinions in stereoelectroencephalography-informed epilepsy surgery","volume":"65","author":"Thomas J","year":"2024","unstructured":"Thomas J, Abdallah C, Cai Z,  Investigating current clinical opinions in stereoelectroencephalography-informed epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia. 2024;65(9):2662\u20132672."},{"issue":"6","key":"b6","series-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol","first-page":"474","article-title":"Stereotactic EEG practices: a survey of United States tertiary referral epilepsy centers","volume":"39","author":"Gavvala J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gavvala J, Zafar M, Sinha SR, Kalamangalam G, Schuele S. Stereotactic EEG practices: a survey of United States tertiary referral epilepsy centers. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2022;39(6):474\u2013480."},{"issue":"2","key":"b7","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"212","article-title":"Variation in pediatric stereoelectroencephalography practice among pediatric neurosurgeons in the United States: survey results","volume":"28","author":"Kennedy BC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kennedy BC, Katz J, Lepard J, Blount JP. Variation in pediatric stereoelectroencephalography practice among pediatric neurosurgeons in the United States: survey results. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;28(2):212\u2013220."},{"issue":"3","key":"b8","series-title":"Epilepsia Open","first-page":"1084","article-title":"An international survey of SEEG cortical stimulation practices","volume":"8","author":"Cockle E","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cockle E, Rayner G, Malpas C,  An international survey of SEEG cortical stimulation practices. Epilepsia Open. 2023;8(3):1084\u20131095."},{"issue":"3","key":"b9","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"386","article-title":"Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications","volume":"57","author":"Mullin JP","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mullin JP, Shriver M, Alomar S,  Is SEEG safe? A systematic review and meta-analysis of stereo-electroencephalography-related complications. Epilepsia. 2016;57(3):386\u2013401."},{"key":"b10","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"43","article-title":"Invasive evaluation in children (SEEG vs subdural grids)","volume":"77","author":"Taussig D","year":"2020","unstructured":"Taussig D, Chipaux M, Fohlen M,  Invasive evaluation in children (SEEG vs subdural grids). Seizure. 2020;77:43\u201351."},{"issue":"3","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurg Focus","first-page":"E7","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography in children: a review","volume":"45","author":"Ho AL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ho AL, Feng AY, Kim LH,  Stereoelectroencephalography in children: a review. Neurosurg Focus. 2018;45(3):E7."},{"issue":"11","key":"b12","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1875","article-title":"Outcome of surgery in children with focal cortical dysplasia younger than 5 years explored by stereo-electroencephalography","volume":"30","author":"Dorfm\u00fcller G","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dorfm\u00fcller G, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Fohlen M,  Outcome of surgery in children with focal cortical dysplasia younger than 5 years explored by stereo-electroencephalography. Childs Nerv Syst. 2014;30(11):1875\u20131883."},{"key":"b13","series-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol","first-page":"e16","article-title":"Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a new pediatric technique to guide the surgery","volume":"21","author":"Chipaux M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chipaux M, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Fohlen M, Dorison N, Taussig D, Dorfmuller G. Stereo electroencephalography-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation in drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a new pediatric technique to guide the surgery. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2017;21:e16\u2013e17."},{"issue":"3","key":"b14","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"280","article-title":"Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in 65 children: an effective and safe diagnostic method for pre-surgical diagnosis, independent of age","volume":"16","author":"Taussig D","year":"2014","unstructured":"Taussig D, Chipaux M, Lebas A,  Stereo-electroencephalography (SEEG) in 65 children: an effective and safe diagnostic method for pre-surgical diagnosis, independent of age. Epileptic Disord. 2014;16(3):280\u2013295."},{"issue":"9","key":"b15","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1960","article-title":"Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review","volume":"60","author":"Yan H","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan H, Katz JS, Anderson M,  Method of invasive monitoring in epilepsy surgery and seizure freedom and morbidity: a systematic review. Epilepsia. 2019;60(9):1960\u20131972."},{"issue":"3","key":"b16","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"253","article-title":"Placement of leads for stereotactic electroencephalography without the use of anchor bolts: technical note","volume":"27","author":"Karsonovich T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karsonovich T, Alexander A, Graber S, O\u2019Neill BR. Placement of leads for stereotactic electroencephalography without the use of anchor bolts: technical note. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2021;27(3):253\u2013258."},{"issue":"4","key":"b17","series-title":"Epileptic Disord","first-page":"590","article-title":"Clinical semiology of temporal lobe seizures in preschool children: contribution of invasive recording to anatomical classification","volume":"23","author":"Fohlen M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fohlen M, Taussig D, Ferrand-Sorbets S, Chipaux M, Dorfmuller G. Clinical semiology of temporal lobe seizures in preschool children: contribution of invasive recording to anatomical classification. Epileptic Disord. 2021;23(4):590\u2013610."},{"issue":"9","key":"b18","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"2048","article-title":"Changes in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation","volume":"62","author":"Contento M","year":"2021","unstructured":"Contento M, Pizzo F, L\u00f3pez-Madrona VJ,  Changes in epileptogenicity biomarkers after stereotactic thermocoagulation. Epilepsia. 2021;62(9):2048\u20132059."},{"issue":"4","key":"b19","series-title":"Seizure","first-page":"300","article-title":"Insular and insulo-opercular epilepsy in childhood: an SEEG study","volume":"23","author":"Dylgjeri S","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dylgjeri S, Taussig D, Chipaux M,  Insular and insulo-opercular epilepsy in childhood: an SEEG study. Seizure. 2014;23(4):300\u2013308."},{"issue":"5","key":"b20","series-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr","first-page":"376","article-title":"Electrocorticographic evidence of perituberal cortex epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex","volume":"10","author":"Ma TS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma TS, Elliott RE, Ruppe V,  Electrocorticographic evidence of perituberal cortex epileptogenicity in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 2012;10(5):376\u2013382."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"Front Neurol","first-page":"965","article-title":"One-stage high-density focal stereo-array SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of pediatric giant hypothalamic hamartomas","volume":"11","author":"Wang M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang M, Zhou Y, Zhang Y,  One-stage high-density focal stereo-array SEEG-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation for the treatment of pediatric giant hypothalamic hamartomas. Front Neurol. 2020;11:965."},{"key":"b22","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"e161","article-title":"Application of robot-assisted frameless stereoelectroencephalography based on multimodal image guidance in pediatric refractory epilepsy: experience of a pediatric center in a developing country","volume":"140","author":"Zhao R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao R, Xue P, Zhou Y,  Application of robot-assisted frameless stereoelectroencephalography based on multimodal image guidance in pediatric refractory epilepsy: experience of a pediatric center in a developing country. World Neurosurg. 2020;140:e161\u2013e168."},{"issue":"5","key":"b23","series-title":"Childs Nerv Syst","first-page":"1331","article-title":"Feasibility and safety of stereoelectroencephalography in young children","volume":"40","author":"Muh CR","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muh CR, Dorilio JR, Beaudreault CP, McGoldrick PE, Pisapia JM, Wolf SM. Feasibility and safety of stereoelectroencephalography in young children. Childs Nerv Syst. 2024;40(5):1331\u20131337."},{"issue":"9","key":"b24","series-title":"Epilepsia","first-page":"1942","article-title":"Stereoelectroencephalography electrode placement: detection of blood vessel conflicts","volume":"60","author":"Li K","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li K, Vakharia VN, Sparks R,  Stereoelectroencephalography electrode placement: detection of blood vessel conflicts. 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