{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T04:57:20Z","timestamp":1776747440722,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Symptomatic, low-grade spondylolisthesis is usually well treated by surgical intervention. While some patients obtain less than optimal improvement, low-grade spondylolisthesis deteriorates in a few patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate what factors predict deterioration in back pain scores after surgical treatment of low-grade spondylolisthesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Quality Outcomes Database (QOD) was queried for patients who underwent single-level surgery for management of grade 1 spondylolisthesis, including decompression with fusion and decompression alone. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) were collected at baseline and then 3 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years postoperatively, including numeric rating scale (NRS) back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQol-5D scores. Patients were categorized based on NRS back pain scores compared to baseline as \u2265 0 (improved or no worse) versus &lt; 0 (worsened). These two groups were compared with respect to factors that predicted postoperative deterioration in NRS back pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 608 cases enrolled, 369 met inclusion criteria for the 24-month cohort. Three hundred twenty-four patients had improved or stable back pain scores (of whom 79% underwent fusion), while 45 reported worse back pain at 24 months (of whom 49% underwent fusion). In the 60-month cohort (n = 429), 376 had improved or stable back pain scores (of whom 81% underwent fusion), while 53 reported worse back pain (of whom 49% underwent fusion). On multivariate analysis, lower baseline NRS back pain scores were associated with back pain deterioration at both time points. Less ODI improvement at 3 months postoperatively and persistent leg pain at 12 months postoperatively were also associated with ultimate deterioration in back pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Most patients (88%) improved after surgery while deterioration was only reported in a few patients (12%). Patients with better back pain scores at baseline were more likely to report deterioration in back pain scores at 2 and 5 years postoperatively. There also appeared to be a trend toward deterioration in those who underwent decompression alone without fusion. These findings highlight the risks of operating on patients with less severe symptoms, as well as the need to improve the understanding of which patients would benefit from fusion. Persistent leg pain and less ODI improvement were also associated with deterioration in back pain scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.7.spine25248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,17]],"date-time":"2025-11-17T20:52:11Z","timestamp":1763412731000},"page":"180-187","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors associated with long-term deterioration in back pain after surgical treatment for low-grade lumbar spondylolisthesis at 2 and 5 years: an evaluation from the Quality Outcomes Database spondylolisthesis data"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Croft","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven D.","family":"Glassman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville;"},{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn W.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mladen","family":"Djurasovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville;"},{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew K.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erica F.","family":"Bisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohamad","family":"Bydon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Chicago, Illinois;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin T.","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher I.","family":"Shaffrey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Potts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Goodman Campbell Brain and Spine, Indianapolis, Indiana;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domagoj","family":"Coric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Knightly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Maxim Spine, Morristown, New Jersey;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee; Semmes Murphey Neurologic and Spine Institute, Memphis, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael Y.","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami, Florida;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kai-Ming","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Slotkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Geisinger Health, Danville, Pennsylvania;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anthony L.","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System and Carolina Neurosurgery & Spine Associates, Charlotte, North Carolina;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael S.","family":"Virk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dean","family":"Chou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurological Surgery, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, The Och Spine Hospital at NewYork-Presbyterian, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Regis W.","family":"Haid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Atlanta Brain and Spine Care, Atlanta, Georgia; and"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Praveen V.","family":"Mummaneni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leah Y.","family":"Carreon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norton Leatherman Spine Center, Louisville, Kentucky;"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"b1","series-title":"Neurosurg Clin N Am","first-page":"299","article-title":"Degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis: definition, natural history, conservative management, and surgical treatment","volume":"30","author":"Bydon M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bydon M, Alvi MA, Goyal A. 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