{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T09:01:46Z","timestamp":1780131706495,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The authors aimed to determine whether the size of a brain abscess on presentation was related to the number of surgical interventions required to manage it adequately.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Adult and pediatric patients admitted with a brain abscess who underwent surgical intervention between April 2013 and April 2023 at a single neurosurgical unit in the United Kingdom were included. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess whether the size of brain abscess on admission, age, or symptom duration correlated with the number of surgical interventions ultimately required. Furthermore, a Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to examine the effect of the number of pathogens isolated and the number of predisposing risk factors on the number of surgical interventions required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fifty-four patients with a median age of 59 (range 2\u201385) years were identified; 55% of patients were male. A total of 38 patients underwent 1 procedure, 13 of whom underwent craniotomy and the remainder, burr hole aspiration. Of those who required more than 1 procedure, 10 required 2 aspirations, 3 needed craniotomy following aspiration, 1 patient underwent 3 aspirations, 1 patient needed 2 craniotomies, and another patient required craniotomy followed by 2 aspirations. Abscess size was associated with the number of surgical interventions required (\u03b2 = 3.056, SE = 1.124, Wald = 7.394; p = 0.007). Other risk factors assessed were not significantly associated with the number of surgical interventions required.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain abscess size on presentation is associated with the number of surgical interventions ultimately required for treatment. This observation may serve to counsel patients regarding prognosis and guide management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.8.focus25596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T12:05:43Z","timestamp":1761998743000},"page":"E8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Brain abscess size and the number of surgical interventions required: a 10-year single-center experience"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Bilal","family":"Al-Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menaka P.","family":"Fry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. A.","family":"Cowie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marieke","family":"Emonts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Allergy, Great North Children\u2019s Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne; and"},{"name":"Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian C.","family":"Coulter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"West Afr J Med","first-page":"54","article-title":"Intracerebral abscesses: outcome following management in the CT era","volume":"23","author":"Emejulu JKC","year":"2004","unstructured":"Emejulu JKC, Shokunbi MT, Malomo AO. Intracerebral abscesses: outcome following management in the CT era. West Afr J Med. 2004;23(1):54\u201357."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"39","article-title":"Intracranial abscesses: changes in epidemiology and management over five decades in Merseyside","volume":"37","author":"Sharma R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharma R, Mohandas K, Cooke RPD. Intracranial abscesses: changes in epidemiology and management over five decades in Merseyside. Infection. 2009;37(1):39\u201343."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)","first-page":"310","article-title":"Intracranial abscesses over the last four decades; changes in aetiology, diagnostics, treatment and outcome","volume":"48","author":"Laulajainen-Hongisto A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Lempinen L, F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4 E,  Intracranial abscesses over the last four decades; changes in aetiology, diagnostics, treatment and outcome. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016;48(4):310\u2013316."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spontaneous brain abscess patients: a population-based comparative cohort study","volume":"158","author":"Bartek J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartek J, Jakola AS, Skyrman S,  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spontaneous brain abscess patients: a population-based comparative cohort study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(7):1259\u20131267."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"95","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of brain abscess in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Dalager-Pedersen M, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Nielsen H. Incidence and mortality of brain abscess in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(1):95\u2013100."},{"issue":"10","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management","volume":"134","author":"Corsini Campioli C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli C, Castillo Almeida NE, O\u2019Horo JC,  Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2021;134(10):1210\u20131217.e2."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"623","article-title":"Microbial aetiology of brain abscess in a UK cohort: prominent role of Streptococcus intermedius","volume":"80","author":"Darlow CA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darlow CA, McGlashan N, Kerr R,  Microbial aetiology of brain abscess in a UK cohort: prominent role of Streptococcus intermedius. J Infect. 2020;80(6):623\u2013629."},{"issue":"11","key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Long-term mortality and epilepsy in patients after brain abscess: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Dalager-Pedersen M, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Nielsen H. Long-term mortality and epilepsy in patients after brain abscess: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(11):2825\u20132832."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Anaerobe","first-page":"102614","article-title":"Brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria","volume":"76","author":"Cobo F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cobo F, Martin-Hita L, Navarro-Mar\u00ed JM. Brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe. 2022;76:102614."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess","volume":"146","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Duerlund LS, Mariager T,  Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess. Brain. 2023;146(4):1637\u20131647."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"724","article-title":"Surgical treatment of brain abscess","volume":"22","author":"Stephanov S","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stephanov S. Surgical treatment of brain abscess. 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Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;179:55\u201359."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of treatment approaches for sinogenic intracranial abscess in children","volume":"8","author":"Milinis K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milinis K, Thiagarajan J, Leong SC,  Evaluation of treatment approaches for sinogenic intracranial abscess in children. J Laryngol Otol. 2023;8:1\u201318."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"34","article-title":"Risk factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with brain abscesses","volume":"56","author":"Ko SJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko SJ, Park KJ, Park DH, Kang SH, Park JY, Chung YG. Risk factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014;56(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Behav Res Methods","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149\u20131160."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100134","article-title":"Predictors of treatment failure in patients with pyogenic brain abscess","volume":"16","author":"Corsini Campioli C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli C, O\u2019Horo JC, Lahr BD,  Predictors of treatment failure in patients with pyogenic brain abscess. 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West Afr J Med. 2004;23(1):54\u201357."},{"issue":"1","key":"b2","series-title":"Infection","first-page":"39","article-title":"Intracranial abscesses: changes in epidemiology and management over five decades in Merseyside","volume":"37","author":"Sharma R","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sharma R, Mohandas K, Cooke RPD. Intracranial abscesses: changes in epidemiology and management over five decades in Merseyside. Infection. 2009;37(1):39\u201343."},{"issue":"4","key":"b3","series-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)","first-page":"310","article-title":"Intracranial abscesses over the last four decades; changes in aetiology, diagnostics, treatment and outcome","volume":"48","author":"Laulajainen-Hongisto A","year":"2016","unstructured":"Laulajainen-Hongisto A, Lempinen L, F\u00e4rkkil\u00e4 E,  Intracranial abscesses over the last four decades; changes in aetiology, diagnostics, treatment and outcome. Infect Dis (Lond). 2016;48(4):310\u2013316."},{"issue":"7","key":"b4","series-title":"Acta Neurochir (Wien)","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spontaneous brain abscess patients: a population-based comparative cohort study","volume":"158","author":"Bartek J","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bartek J, Jakola AS, Skyrman S,  Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in spontaneous brain abscess patients: a population-based comparative cohort study. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2016;158(7):1259\u20131267."},{"issue":"1","key":"b5","series-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect","first-page":"95","article-title":"Incidence and mortality of brain abscess in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study","volume":"26","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Dalager-Pedersen M, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Nielsen H. Incidence and mortality of brain abscess in Denmark: a nationwide population-based study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2020;26(1):95\u2013100."},{"issue":"10","key":"b6","series-title":"Am J Med","first-page":"1210","article-title":"Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management","volume":"134","author":"Corsini Campioli C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli C, Castillo Almeida NE, O\u2019Horo JC,  Bacterial brain abscess: an outline for diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2021;134(10):1210\u20131217.e2."},{"issue":"6","key":"b7","series-title":"J Infect","first-page":"623","article-title":"Microbial aetiology of brain abscess in a UK cohort: prominent role of Streptococcus intermedius","volume":"80","author":"Darlow CA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darlow CA, McGlashan N, Kerr R,  Microbial aetiology of brain abscess in a UK cohort: prominent role of Streptococcus intermedius. J Infect. 2020;80(6):623\u2013629."},{"issue":"11","key":"b8","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Long-term mortality and epilepsy in patients after brain abscess: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study","volume":"71","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Dalager-Pedersen M, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Nielsen H. Long-term mortality and epilepsy in patients after brain abscess: a nationwide population-based matched cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(11):2825\u20132832."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Anaerobe","first-page":"102614","article-title":"Brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria","volume":"76","author":"Cobo F","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cobo F, Martin-Hita L, Navarro-Mar\u00ed JM. Brain abscesses caused by anaerobic bacteria. Anaerobe. 2022;76:102614."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Brain","first-page":"1637","article-title":"Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess","volume":"146","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Duerlund LS, Mariager T,  Clinical features and prognostic factors in adults with brain abscess. Brain. 2023;146(4):1637\u20131647."},{"issue":"4","key":"b11","series-title":"Neurosurgery","first-page":"724","article-title":"Surgical treatment of brain abscess","volume":"22","author":"Stephanov S","year":"1988","unstructured":"Stephanov S. Surgical treatment of brain abscess. Neurosurgery. 1988;22(4):724\u2013730."},{"issue":"4","key":"b12","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","first-page":"1040","article-title":"Risk factors for brain abscess: a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study","volume":"71","author":"Bodilsen J","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bodilsen J, Dalager-Pedersen M, van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Nielsen H. Risk factors for brain abscess: a nationwide, population-based, nested case-control study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(4):1040\u20131046."},{"issue":"5","key":"b13","series-title":"Radiol Case Rep","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Pyogenic brain abscess, ventriculitis and diffuse meningitis with fatal outcome in an adult: radiologic\u2013pathologic correlation","volume":"13","author":"Mahammedi A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mahammedi A, Bachir S, Purdy J, Larvie M, Buehler M. Pyogenic brain abscess, ventriculitis and diffuse meningitis with fatal outcome in an adult: radiologic\u2013pathologic correlation. 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Medicine (Baltimore). 2019;98(46):e17670."},{"issue":"6","key":"b16","series-title":"J Clin Anal Med","first-page":"513","article-title":"Clinical outcome of surgery techniques in patients with brain abscess","volume":"9","author":"K\u0131zmazoglu C","year":"2018","unstructured":"K\u0131zmazoglu C, Ayd\u0131n HE, Ozyoruk S,  Clinical outcome of surgery techniques in patients with brain abscess. J Clin Anal Med. 2018;9(6):513\u2013516."},{"key":"b17","series-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg","first-page":"55","article-title":"Predictors of reoperation and noninfectious complications following craniotomy for cerebral abscess","volume":"179","author":"Longo M","year":"2019","unstructured":"Longo M, Feigen C, De la Garza Ramos R, Gelfand Y, Echt M, Agarwal V. Predictors of reoperation and noninfectious complications following craniotomy for cerebral abscess. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2019;179:55\u201359."},{"key":"b18","series-title":"J Laryngol Otol","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of treatment approaches for sinogenic intracranial abscess in children","volume":"8","author":"Milinis K","year":"2023","unstructured":"Milinis K, Thiagarajan J, Leong SC,  Evaluation of treatment approaches for sinogenic intracranial abscess in children. J Laryngol Otol. 2023;8:1\u201318."},{"issue":"1","key":"b19","series-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc","first-page":"34","article-title":"Risk factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with brain abscesses","volume":"56","author":"Ko SJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ko SJ, Park KJ, Park DH, Kang SH, Park JY, Chung YG. Risk factors associated with poor outcomes in patients with brain abscesses. J Korean Neurosurg Soc. 2014;56(1):34\u201341."},{"issue":"4","key":"b20","series-title":"Behav Res Methods","first-page":"1149","article-title":"Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses","volume":"41","author":"Faul F","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang AG. Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods. 2009;41(4):1149\u20131160."},{"key":"b21","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100134","article-title":"Predictors of treatment failure in patients with pyogenic brain abscess","volume":"16","author":"Corsini Campioli C","year":"2022","unstructured":"Corsini Campioli C, O\u2019Horo JC, Lahr BD,  Predictors of treatment failure in patients with pyogenic brain abscess. 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