{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T16:31:52Z","timestamp":1787589112930,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"\n OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n Trapped temporal horn syndrome (TTH) is a rare form of obstructive hydrocephalus that frequently occurs after intraventricular tumor resection. Effective long-term management remains challenging. This study evaluated the long-term outcomes and complication management of refined temporal-to-frontal horn shunting (RTFHS) in patients with TTH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n METHODS<\/jats:title>\n This retrospective case series included 53 consecutive patients with imaging-confirmed TTH treated at Beijing Tiantan Hospital of Capital Medical University and Beijing Fengtai Hospital between January 2018 and January 2025. Patients presented with symptoms such as headache, cognitive decline, or motor deficits and had a history of brain tumor surgery. All underwent RTFHS, with follow-up durations ranging from 1 month to 6 years. Of the 53 patients, 28 had follow-up over 6 months and 18 over 1 year. All patients received RTFHS with ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral shunting approaches. Primary outcomes included symptom improvement and temporal horn volume reduction. Secondary outcomes included management of complications such as high-protein CSF, infection, or suspected shunt catheter intolerance.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n The initial shunt patency rate was 86.8%, and the overall success rate reached 98.1%. Mean temporal horn volume reduction was 30.0% on the day of surgery and 60.3% at 3 months. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing (LOWESS) regression revealed a rapid decrease in the 1st week, a slower decline from 1 week to 3 months, and stabilization thereafter. Long-term follow-up showed no recurrence or re-enlargement in most patients. Complications were effectively managed in nearly all cases.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n RTFHS is a safe, adaptable, and effective surgical option for managing TTH. It offers favorable long-term outcomes and may be a valuable alternative to a ventriculoperitoneal shunt in selected patients. This study provides useful insights into the prevention and management of perioperative issues.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.8.jns251203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1769083217000},"page":"834-845","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Refined temporal-to-frontal horn shunting for trapped temporal horn syndrome: long-term outcomes and complication management in a two-center series of 53 patients"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Zairan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"},{"name":"Beijing Neurological Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Sang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqin","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Longyan First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Fengtai Hospital, Beijing; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongli","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dabiao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"},{"name":"Beijing Neurological Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing;"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Center of Brain Tumor, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Tumor, Beijing;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"key":"b1","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"511","article-title":"The incidence and risk factors of postoperative entrapped temporal horn in trigone meningiomas","volume":"90","author":"Wang Y","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang Y, Lin Z, Li Z, The incidence and risk factors of postoperative entrapped temporal horn in trigone meningiomas. 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Front Oncol. 2022;12:953784."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Communicating hydrocephalus following surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma","volume":"115","author":"Montano N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Montano N, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Bianchi F, Communicating hydrocephalus following surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(6):1126\u20131130."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e54362","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure and cerebrospinal fluid protein: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Rei KM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rei KM, Ghauri MS, Uddin MB, Siddiqi J. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure and cerebrospinal fluid protein: a meta-analysis and systematic review. 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J Neurosurg. 2020;132(2):481\u2013490."},{"issue":"1","key":"b4","series-title":"Oper Neurosurg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in the European idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus multicenter study","volume":"17","author":"Feletti A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feletti A, d\u2019Avella D, Wikkels\u00f8 C, Ventriculoperitoneal shunt complications in the European idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus multicenter study. Oper Neurosurg. 2019;17(1):97\u2013102."},{"issue":"2","key":"b5","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"564","article-title":"Effect of fixed-setting versus programmable valve on incidence of shunt revision after ventricular shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus","volume":"133","author":"Rinaldo L","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rinaldo L, Bhargav AG, Nesvick CL, Lanzino G, Elder BD. Effect of fixed-setting versus programmable valve on incidence of shunt revision after ventricular shunting for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurosurg. 2020;133(2):564\u2013572."},{"issue":"1","key":"b6","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"145","article-title":"Factors associated with 30-day ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric and adult patients","volume":"130","author":"Anderson IA","year":"2019","unstructured":"Anderson IA, Saukila LF, Robins JMW, Factors associated with 30-day ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure in pediatric and adult patients. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(1):145\u2013153."},{"key":"b7","series-title":"World Neurosurg X","first-page":"100345","article-title":"Trapped temporal horn: from theory to practice, a systematic review of current understanding and future perspectives","volume":"23","author":"Ashir Shafique M","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ashir Shafique M, Saqlain Mustafa M, Haseeb A, Trapped temporal horn: from theory to practice, a systematic review of current understanding and future perspectives. World Neurosurg X. 2024;23:100345."},{"issue":"2","key":"b8","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"410","article-title":"Frontal-to-temporal horn shunt as treatment for temporal horn entrapment","volume":"112","author":"Hervey-Jumper SL","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hervey-Jumper SL, Ziewacz JE, Heth JA, Sullivan SE. Frontal-to-temporal horn shunt as treatment for temporal horn entrapment. J Neurosurg. 2010;112(2):410\u2013413."},{"key":"b9","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"781396","article-title":"Refined temporal-to-frontal horn shunt for treatment of trapped temporal horn after surgery of peri- or intraventricular tumor: a case series study","volume":"11","author":"Ren X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ren X, Cui Y, Yang C, Jiang Z, Lin S, Lin Z. Refined temporal-to-frontal horn shunt for treatment of trapped temporal horn after surgery of peri- or intraventricular tumor: a case series study. Front Oncol. 2021;11:781396."},{"issue":"4","key":"b10","series-title":"Br J Neurosurg","first-page":"470","article-title":"Neurosurgery for intracranial meningioma in patients aged more than 80 years: benefits and rationale","volume":"35","author":"Joubert C","year":"2021","unstructured":"Joubert C, Sellier A, Sahuc P, Neurosurgery for intracranial meningioma in patients aged more than 80 years: benefits and rationale. Br J Neurosurg. 2021;35(4):470\u2013475."},{"key":"b11","series-title":"BMC Med Inform Decis Mak","first-page":"72","article-title":"Appraisal of the Karnofsky Performance Status and proposal of a simple algorithmic system for its evaluation","volume":"13","author":"P\u00e9us D","year":"2013","unstructured":"P\u00e9us D, Newcomb N, Hofer S. Appraisal of the Karnofsky Performance Status and proposal of a simple algorithmic system for its evaluation. BMC Med Inform Decis Mak. 2013;13:72."},{"issue":"10020","key":"b12","series-title":"Lancet","first-page":"788","article-title":"Hydrocephalus in children","volume":"387","author":"Kahle KT","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kahle KT, Kulkarni AV, Limbrick DD, Warf BC. Hydrocephalus in children. Lancet. 2016;387(10020):788\u2013799."},{"issue":"4","key":"b13","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1065","article-title":"Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"130","author":"Dewan MC","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dewan MC, Rattani A, Mekary R, Global hydrocephalus epidemiology and incidence: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg. 2019;130(4):1065\u20131079."},{"key":"b14","series-title":"Front Oncol","first-page":"953784","article-title":"Postoperative communicating hydrocephalus following glioblastoma resection: Incidence, timing and risk factors","volume":"12","author":"H\u00f6nikl LS","year":"2022","unstructured":"H\u00f6nikl LS, Lange N, Barz M, Postoperative communicating hydrocephalus following glioblastoma resection: Incidence, timing and risk factors. Front Oncol. 2022;12:953784."},{"issue":"6","key":"b15","series-title":"J Neurosurg","first-page":"1126","article-title":"Communicating hydrocephalus following surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma","volume":"115","author":"Montano N","year":"2011","unstructured":"Montano N, D\u2019Alessandris QG, Bianchi F, Communicating hydrocephalus following surgery and adjuvant radiochemotherapy for glioblastoma. J Neurosurg. 2011;115(6):1126\u20131130."},{"issue":"2","key":"b16","series-title":"Cureus","first-page":"e54362","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure and cerebrospinal fluid protein: a meta-analysis and systematic review","volume":"16","author":"Rei KM","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rei KM, Ghauri MS, Uddin MB, Siddiqi J. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt failure and cerebrospinal fluid protein: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Cureus. 2024;16(2):e54362."},{"issue":"3","key":"b17","series-title":"J Neurooncol","first-page":"439","article-title":"Clinical course of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus following glioblastoma surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"165","author":"Lu VM","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lu VM, Khalafallah AM, Jaman E, Clinical course of ventriculoperitoneal shunting for hydrocephalus following glioblastoma surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurooncol. 2023;165(3):439\u2013447."},{"issue":"1","key":"b18","series-title":"Neurol India","first-page":"85","article-title":"Shunt migration in ventriculoperitoneal shunting: a comprehensive review of literature","volume":"67","author":"Harischandra LS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Harischandra LS, Sharma A, Chatterjee S. Shunt migration in ventriculoperitoneal shunting: a comprehensive review of literature. Neurol India. 2019;67(1):85\u201399."},{"issue":"3","key":"b19","series-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther","first-page":"804","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of ventriculoperitoneal shunt versus lumboperitoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis","volume":"29","author":"Ho YJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ho YJ, Chiang WC, Huang HY, Lin SZ, Tsai ST. Effectiveness and safety of ventriculoperitoneal shunt versus lumboperitoneal shunt for communicating hydrocephalus: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2023;29(3):804\u2013815."},{"issue":"1-2","key":"b20","series-title":"World Neurosurg","first-page":"155","article-title":"Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery and the risk of shunt infection in patients with hydrocephalus: long-term single institution experience","volume":"78","author":"Reddy GK","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reddy GK, Bollam P, Caldito G. 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