{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:03:02Z","timestamp":1787025782055,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":148,"publisher":"Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group (JNSPG)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement remains the primary treatment for hydrocephalus. However, the literature on this topic is heterogeneous, with studies assessing and reporting surgical and clinical outcomes in different ways, lacking standardization. The authors aimed to evaluate the quality of these studies and propose a reporting guideline focusing on essential elements to ensure reproducibility and comparability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases. Eligible studies were observational or randomized, reported clinical and\/or surgical outcomes related to the treatment of hydrocephalus with VPS placement, included more than 200 patients, and were published in the English language between January 1, 2000, and June 1, 2024. Studies were assessed and focused on 6 key domains: 1) baseline characteristics of the patient sample; 2) study methodology and reporting guidelines; 3) patient comorbidities and clinical status; 4) valve and shunt characteristics; 5) shunt failure, revision, and infection; and 6) postsurgical outcomes and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty-five studies comprising 95,597 patients were included. The authors\u2019 assessment revealed substantial gaps in the literature on VPS placement, including deficiencies across all domains. A VPS reporting guideline was developed, consisting of 50 items distributed across 6 domains, focusing on key surgical and clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This review identified important gaps in methodological rigor and reporting across VPS studies for hydrocephalus, limiting the comparability and reproducibility of current evidence. To address these issues, the authors propose the VPS Reporting Guideline, a practical framework to enhance transparency, reproducibility, and comparability in future research, ultimately supporting better evidence synthesis and building of cumulative evidence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3171\/2025.8.jns251448","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T12:00:21Z","timestamp":1769083221000},"page":"821-833","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing reporting standards and cumulative evidence in ventriculoperitoneal shunt studies: a systematic review and reporting guideline proposal"],"prefix":"10.3171","volume":"144","author":[{"given":"Leonardo J. C.","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio Yuri","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital\/Northwell Health, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas P.","family":"Mitre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo School of Medical Sciences, S\u00e3o Paulo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo B. O.","family":"Brenner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, State University of Ponta Grossa, Ponta Grossa, Paran\u00e1, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony E.","family":"Bishay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvio","family":"Porto Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Salvador, Bahia;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel S.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Santa Marcelina Faculty, S\u00e3o Paulo;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo Liute","family":"Scamarral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriel","family":"Semione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of West of Santa Catarina, Joa\u00e7aba, Santa Catarina;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis","family":"Fabrini Paleare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Paran\u00e1;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T\u00falio F. S.","family":"Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Bertani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil; and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Phelps Hospital\/Northwell Health, Sleepy Hollow, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Langer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital\/Northwell Health, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Netanel","family":"Ben-Shalom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Lenox Hill Hospital\/Northwell Health, New York, New York;"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1754","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"b1","series-title":"Eur J Med Res","first-page":"168","article-title":"Hydrocephalus: historical analysis and considerations for treatment","volume":"27","author":"Hochstetler A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hochstetler A, Raskin J, Blazer-Yost BL. 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